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med 109
digestive system prefix
295
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/09/2025
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Term
or/(o)-/or(i)
 Definition
mouth
Term
stomat(o)
 Definition
mouth
Term
dent(o)-odent(o)
 Definition
tooth
Term
gingiv(o)
 Definition
gums
Term
gloss(o)-/ lingu(o)
 Definition
tongue
Term
esophag(o)
 Definition
esophagus
Term
gastr(o)
 Definition
stomach
Term
enter(o)
 Definition
intestine (usually small intestine)
Term
duoden(o)
 Definition
duodenum
Term
jejun(o)
 Definition
jejunum(middle of small intestine)
Term
lle(o)
 Definition
ileum
Term
col(o)-colon(o)
 Definition
colon
Term
rect(o)
 Definition
rectum
Term
proct(o)
 Definition
rectum and anus
Term
hepat(o)
 Definition
liver
Term
prefix of urinary system
 Definition
Term
ur/o
 Definition
urine, urinary tract
Term
urin/o-
 Definition
urine
Term
cyst/o-
 Definition
bladder
Term
vesic/o-
 Definition
bladder
Term
nephr/o-
 Definition
kidney
Term
ren/o
 Definition
kidney
Term
glomerul/o
 Definition
glomerulus
Term
pyel/o
 Definition
renal pelvis
Term
ureter/o-
 Definition
ureter
Term
urethr/o-
 Definition
urethra
Term
albumin/o
 Definition
albumin (a protein)
Term
azot/o-
 Definition
nitrogenous compounds
Term
lith/o
 Definition
stone
Term
noct/o-
 Definition
night
Term
olig/o-
 Definition
scanty,few
Term
digestive system suffixes
 Definition
same as urine system
Term
-algia
 Definition
pain
Term
asis
 Definition
condition
Term
cele
 Definition
hernia,swelling
Term
centesis
 Definition
surgical puncture to remove fluid
Term
ectomy
 Definition
surgical removal
Term
emesis
 Definition
vomiting
Term
emia
 Definition
blood condition
Term
gram
 Definition
record or image
Term
graph
 Definition
instrument for recording
Term
graphy
 Definition
process of recording
Term
iasis
 Definition
abnormal condition
Term
itis
 Definition
inflammation
Term
logist
 Definition
specialist
Term
logy
 Definition
study of
Term
lysis
 Definition
breakdown separation
Term
malacia
 Definition
softening
Term
megaly
 Definition
enlargment
Term
oma
 Definition
tumor, mass
Term
osis
 Definition
abnormal condition
Term
ostomy
 Definition
surgical created opening
Term
otomy
 Definition
cutting into
Term
pathy
 Definition
disease
Term
penia
 Definition
deficiency
Term
phagia
 Definition
eating,swallowing
Term
plasty
 Definition
surgical repair
Term
ptosis
 Definition
droping, prolapse
Term
rrhage
 Definition
bursting forth
Term
rrhagia
 Definition
abnormal flow
Term
rrhaphy
 Definition
sutturing
Term
rrhea
 Definition
flow discharge
Term
scope
 Definition
instrument for viewing
Term
scopy
 Definition
visual examination
Term
spasm
 Definition
sudden contraction
Term
stasis
 Definition
stopping controlling
Term
stenosis
 Definition
narrowing
Term
tomy
 Definition
incision
Term
uria
 Definition
condition of urine
Term
hemat/o
 Definition
blood (in GI context)
Term
abdomin/o
 Definition
Abdomen
Term
an/o
 Definition
Anus
Term
append/0, appendic/o
 Definition
Appendix
Term
bil/o
 Definition
Bile
Term
bucc/o
 Definition
Cheek
Term
cec/o
 Definition
Cecum
Term
celi/o
 Definition
Abdomen
Term
cheil/o
 Definition
Lip
Term
chol/o
 Definition
Bile, gall
Term
cholecyst/0
 Definition
Gallbladder
Term
choledoch/o
 Definition
Common Bile duct
Term
col/o, colon/o
 Definition
colon (large intestine)
Term
dent/o, odont/o
 Definition
Teeth
Term
duoden/o
 Definition
Duodenum (1st part of small intestine)
Term
enter/o
 Definition
Intestines (usually small)
Term
esophag/o
 Definition
Esophagus
Term
gastr/o
 Definition
Stomach
Term
gingiv/o
 Definition
Gums
Term
gloss/0, lingu/o
 Definition
tongue
Term
Hepat/0
 Definition
Liver
Term
herni/o
 Definition
hernia
Term
ile/o
 Definition
lleum (last part of small intestine)
Term
jejun/0
 Definition
jejunum (middle of small intestine)
Term
labi/o
 Definition
Lip
Term
lapar/o
 Definition
abdomen (wall)
Term
lingu/o
 Definition
tongue
Term
lith/o
 Definition
stone
Term
mandibul/o
 Definition
lower jaw
Term
manstication
 Definition
chewing
Term
nause/o
 Definition
nausea
Term
odont/o
 Definition
tooth
Term
or/o
 Definition
mouth
Term
palat/o
 Definition
palate (roof of mouth)
Term
pancreat/0
 Definition
pancreas
Term
peps/o, pept/o
 Definition
digestion
Term
peritone/o
 Definition
peritoneum (abdominal lining)
Term
phag/o
 Definition
eating, swallowing
Term
proct/o
 Definition
rectum and anus
Term
pylor/0
 Definition
pylorus (stomach outlet)
Term
saliv/o, sial/o
 Definition
saliva, salivary gland
Term
sigmoid/o
 Definition
sigmoid colon
Term
splen/o
 Definition
spleen (has digestive role via blood filtration)
Term
steat/o
 Definition
fat
Term
stomat/0
 Definition
mouth
Term
ulcer/o
 Definition
ulcer
Term
uvul/o
 Definition
uvula
Term
zym/o
 Definition
enzyme, fermentation,
Term
borborygm/o
 Definition
bowel sound
Term
fec/o, fecal/o
 Definition
feces
Term
melan/0
 Definition
black (in GI, refers to digested blood)
Term
albumin/o
 Definition
albumin
Term
azot/o
 Definition
nitrogen waste
Term
bacteri/o
 Definition
bacteria
Term
calci/o
 Definition
calcium
Term
calic/o
 Definition
calyx (part of kidney)
Term
eyst/o
 Definition
bladder
Term
glomerul/o
 Definition
glomerulus
Term
glycos/o
 Definition
sugar, glucose
Term
hemat/o
 Definition
blood
Term
hydr/o
 Definition
water fluid
Term
keton/o
 Definition
ketones
Term
lith/o
 Definition
stone
Term
meat/o
 Definition
meatus (opening)
Term
mictur/o
 Definition
urination
Term
nephr/o
 Definition
kidney
Term
noct/o
 Definition
night
Term
olig/o
 Definition
scanty, few
Term
perine/o
 Definition
perineum (area between anus and genitals)
Term
phosphat/o
 Definition
phosphate
Term
protein/o
 Definition
protien
Term
pyel/o
 Definition
renel pelvis
Term
py/o
 Definition
pus
Term
ren/o
 Definition
kidney
Term
trigon/o
 Definition
trigone (bladder area)
Term
ure/o
 Definition
urine, urine system
Term
ureter/o
 Definition
ureter
Term
urethr/o
 Definition
urethra
Term
ur/o
 Definition
urine
Term
void/o
 Definition
to empty (urinate)
Term
vol/o
 Definition
will (involuntary urination)
Term
acid/o
 Definition
acid, low ph
Term
balan/o
 Definition
glans penis (in male urinary system
Term
enur/o
 Definition
urinate
Term
diur/o
 Definition
urination, increase in output
Term
glomerul/o
 Definition
glomerulus
Term
hyp/o
 Definition
low, deficient
Term
is/o
 Definition
equal
Term
kali/o
 Definition
potassium
Term
natri/o
 Definition
sodium
Term
oxal/o
 Definition
oxalate
Term
ph
 Definition
acidity/ alkalinity
Term
spad/o
 Definition
slit, opening
Term
sten/o
 Definition
narrow
Term
strangur/o
 Definition
straining during urination
Term
tubul/o
 Definition
tubule
Term
urg/o
 Definition
urge
Term
vesic/o
 Definition
bladder
Term
xanth/o
 Definition
yellow
Term
zo/o zoon/o
 Definition
animal (e,g, zoonotic infection in urinary tract)
Term
31 abbreviations for digestive system
 Definition
Term
Gi
 Definition
Gastrointestinal
Term
GIT
 Definition
Gastrointestinal Tract
Term
UGI
 Definition
Upper Gastrointestinal
Term
LGI
 Definition
Lower Gastrointestinal
Term
GERD
 Definition
Gastroesophageal reflux Disease
Term
IBS
 Definition
Irritable Bowel Sydrome
Term
IBD
 Definition
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Term
CD
 Definition
Crohns disease
Term
UC
 Definition
ulcerative Colitis
Term
PEG
 Definition
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Term
NGT
 Definition
Nasogastric Tube
Term
TPN
 Definition
Total Parenteral nutrition
Term
NPO
 Definition
Nil Per Os (nothing by mouth)
Term
EGD
 Definition
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Term
ERCP
 Definition
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Term
RUQ
 Definition
Right Upper Quadrant
Term
LUQ
 Definition
Left upper quadrant
Term
RLQ
 Definition
Right lower quadrant
Term
LLQ
 Definition
Left Lower quadrant
Term
ALT
 Definition
Alanine aminotransferase
Term
AST
 Definition
Aspartate aminotransference
Term
ALP
 Definition
Alkaline phospatase
Term
GGT
 Definition
Gamma-glutamyl transferase
Term
LFTs
 Definition
liver function test
Term
FOBT
 Definition
fecal occult blood test
Term
CT
 Definition
computed tomography (used in abdominal imaging)
Term
MRI
 Definition
magnetic resonance imaging
Term
CRC
 Definition
colorectal cancer
Term
HCC
 Definition
Heptacelluar carcinoma
Term
PUD
 Definition
Peptic ulcer disease
Term
UTI
 Definition
Urinary tract infection
Term
BUN
 Definition
blood urea nitrogen
Term
CR
 Definition
Creatinine
Term
GFR
 Definition
Glomerular filtration rate
Term
eGFR
 Definition
Estimate glomerular filtration rate
Term
AKI
 Definition
acute kidney disease
Term
CKD
 Definition
chronic kidney disease
Term
ESRD
 Definition
end stage renal disease
Term
HD
 Definition
Hemodialysis
Term
PD
 Definition
Peritoneal dialysis
Term
IVP
 Definition
intravenmous pyelogram
Term
KUB
 Definition
kidneys, ureters, and bladder (X-ray)
Term
US
 Definition
ultrasound
Term
VCUG
 Definition
voiding cystourethrogram
Term
CT
 Definition
computed tomography (used in renal imaging)
Term
MRI
 Definition
magnetic resonance imaging
Term
RBC
 Definition
red blood cell count (in urine analysis)
Term
WBC
 Definition
What blood cell count (in urine analysis)
Term
UA
 Definition
urinalysis
Term
UPC
 Definition
urine protein-to-creatinine ratio
Term
ACEi
 Definition
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (used in kidney protection)
Term
ARB
 Definition
angiotensin II receptor blocker
Term
ADH
 Definition
antidiuretic hormone
Term
UTP
 Definition
urine total protein
Term
PVR
 Definition
post-void residual
Term
TURP
 Definition
transurethral resection of the prostate
Term
BPH
 Definition
benign prostatic hyperplasia
Term
RRT
 Definition
renal replacement therapy
Term
CAPD
 Definition
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Term
IC
 Definition
interstitial cystitis
Term
PKD
 Definition
polycystic kidney disease
Term
31 eponyms for the digestive system
 Definition
Term
Ampulla of vater
 Definition
hepatopancreatic ampulla (Abraham vater)
Term
islets of langerhans
 Definition
pancreatic endocrine cells (paul langerhans)
Term
crypts of lieberkun
 Definition
intestinal glands (johann lieberkun)
Term
brunners glands
 Definition
duodenal submucosal glands (jphann brunner)
Term
peyers patches
 Definition
lymphoid nodules in ileum (johann peyer)
Term
sphincter of oddi
 Definition
sphincter controlling bile/pancreatic flow (ruggero oddi)
Term
kupffer cells
 Definition
liver macrophages (karl kupffer)
Term
meckels diverticulum
 Definition
congenital ileal outpouching (johann meckel)
Term
treitz ligament
 Definition
suspensory ligament of duodenum (wenzel treitz)
Term
valves of kerckring
 Definition
plicae circulares of small intestine
Term
morisons pouch
 Definition
hepatorenal recess (james morison)
Term
glissons capsule
 Definition
fibrous apsule of liver (francis glisson)
Term
achalasia of hirschsprung
 Definition
esophageal motility disorder (harold hirschpsrung, more famous for colon)
Term
barretts esophagus
 Definition
metaplasia of lower esophagus (norman barrett)
Term
boerhaaves syndrome
 Definition
esophagael rupture (herman boerhaave)
Term
mallory-weiss tear
 Definition
mucosal tear at gastroesophageal junction
(gk mallory and s weiss)
Term
crohns disease
 Definition
regional enteritis (burrill crohns)
Term
whipples disease
 Definition
intestinal lipodystrophy (george whipple)
Term
hirschpsrungs disease
 Definition
congenital ganglionic megacolon (harold hirschsprung)
Term
gilberts sysdrome
 Definition
hereditary hyperbilirubinemia (augustin gilbert)
Term
cringler-najjar syndrome
 Definition
severe hyperbilirubinemia (john crigler and victor najjar)
Term
dubin-johnson syndrome
 Definition
conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (isadore dubin and frank johnson)
Term
rotor syndrome
 Definition
conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (arturo rotor)
Term
Budd-Chiari syndrome
 Definition
hepatic vein thrombosis (george budd and hans chiari)
Term
Courvoisier's sign
 Definition
palpable gallbladder in malignancy (ludwig courcoisier)
Term
zenkers diverticulum
 Definition
pharyngoesophageal pouch (friedrich zenker)
Term
pringles maneuver
 Definition
temporary occlusion of hepatoduodenal ligament (james pringle)
Term
kasai procedure
 Definition
portoenterostomy for biliary atresia
(morio kasai)
Term
hartmanns procedure
 Definition
resection of sigmoid colon with colostomy ?(henri hartmann)
Term
billroth I operation
 Definition
gastroduodenostomy (theodor billroth)
Term
billroth II operation
 Definition
gastrojejunostomy (theodor billroth)
Term
31 eponyms for urinary system
 Definition
Term
bowmans capsule
 Definition
in kidney
Term
loop of henle
 Definition
nephron loop
Term
macula densa of gotte
 Definition
renal tubule cells
Term
bellini's ducts
 Definition
papillary ducts
Term
malpighian corpuscle
 Definition
renal corpuscle
Term
littre's glands
 Definition
urethal glands
Term
morgagni's lacunae
 Definition
urethral recesses
Term
skene's glands
 Definition
paraurethral glands
Term
verumontanum of santorini
 Definition
urethral elevation
Term
waldeyer's fascia
 Definition
pelvic fascia
Term
zuckerkandl's fascia
 Definition
renal fascia
Term
ferrein's pyramids
 Definition
medullary rays
Term
bright's disease
 Definition
chronic nephritis
Term
alport syndrome
 Definition
hereditary nephritis
Term
goodpasture's syndrome
 Definition
anti GBM disease
Term
fanconi syndrome
 Definition
proximal tubule defect
Term
barter syndrome
 Definition
loop defect
Term
gitelman syndrome
 Definition
distal tubule defect
Term
wilms tumor
 Definition
nephroblastoma
Term
henoch schonlein purpura
 Definition
IgA vasculitis with nephritis
Term
kimmelsteil wilson disease
 Definition
diabetic nephorpathy
Term
churg strauss syndrome
 Definition
eosinophilic vasculitis
Term
backwith weidemann syndromeq
 Definition
overgrowth, kidney tumor risk
Term
cullens sign
 Definition
periumbilical discoloration (retroperitoneal bleed)
Term
grey turner's sign
 Definition
flank discoloration (retroperitoneal bleed)
Term
riedels lobe
 Definition
renal variant (also liver)
Term
guyon's canal syndrome
 Definition
affects ulnar nerve, but also Guyon described urethra
Term
tamm horsfall protein
 Definition
urinary glycoprotein
Term
pott's puffy tumor
 Definition
renal complication link (historical)
Term
boari flap
 Definition
surgical repair of ureter
Term
Liddle sundrome
 Definition
collecting duct defect
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