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Mechanisms of Disease
Terms and definitions of the mechanisms of disease
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/02/2012

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Term
Signs
Definition
Objective abnormalities associated with disease. Temperature, pulse rate, etc.
Term
Symptoms
Definition
Subjective abnormalities associated with disease. Felt by the patient.
Term
Syndrome
Definition
Collection of signs & symptoms usually with common cause that present a pathological condition.
Term
Disease
Definition
An abnormality in body function that threatens physical, mental or social well-being.
Term
Acute
Definition
Signs and symptoms appear suddenly, last a short time then disappear.
Term
Chronic
Definition
Disease that develops slowly and lasts a long time, perhaps for life.
Term
Etiology
Definition
The study of the factors that cause(origin of) a disease.
Term
Idiopathic
Definition
Disease with an unknown cause.
Term
Communicable
Definition
Infectious, can be transmitted from one person to another.
Term
Pathogenesis
Definition
The pattern of a disease's development.
Term
Latent
Definition
"Hidden" stage of a disease's development.
Term
Incubation
Definition
The latent stage of an infectious disease.
Term
Convalescense
Definition
Recovery, body functions return to normal.
Term
Remission
Definition
Temporary reversal of symptoms that seem to be recovery of a chronic disease.
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
Study of the occurance, distribution and transmission of disease in humans.
Term
Endemic
Definition
A disease specific to a local region.
Term
Pandemic
Definition
An epidemic spread through the whole world.
Term
Epidemic
Definition
A disease that affects many people at the same time within a defined region.
Term
Causal Relationship
Definition
Establishes the cause of a disease outbreak.
Term
Coincidental Relationship
Definition
Events that coincide with the outbreak of a disease by chance.
Term
Morbidity
Definition
Rate of illness or disease in a population.
Term
Mortality
Definition
Rate of deaths caused by a specific disease within a specific population.
Term
Pathophysiology
Definition
The study of the underlying physiological aspects (mechanisms)of disease.
Term
Parasite
Definition
Organism that lives in or on another organism. May cause disease.
Term
Autoimmunity
Definition
Faulty response or overreaction of immune system that causes an attack on its own body.
Term
Predisposing Conditions
Definition
Risk factors, increase the risk of getting a disease. 1.Genetic factors 2.Age 3.Lifestyle 4.Stress 5.Environmental 6.Preexisting conditions
Term
Virus
Definition
Intracellular parasites with RNA/DNA core and protein coat.
Term
Flaviviruses
Definition
Type of RNA virus usually an insect vector to transmit it to humans.
Term
Prion
Definition
Proteinaceous Infectious Particle. Pathogenic protein molecules that cause abnormal protein structure/function.
Term
Bacterium
Definition
Tiny primitive cell without a nucleus. Bacilli(rods),Cocci(spheres), Curved/Spiral rods and small.
Term
Aerobic
Definition
Needs oxygen.
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
Without oxygen.
Term
Gram +/- Staining
Definition
Gram+ bacteria cell walls take a purple stain. Gram- do not.
Term
Bacilli
Definition
Rods shaped bacteria.
Term
Cocci
Definition
Sphere shaped bacteria.
Term
Streptococci
Definition
Bacterium, cocci, gram+, strings.
Term
Staphylococci
Definition
Bacterium, cocci, Gram+, clusters.
Term
Spores
Definition
Resistant dormant form that some bacteria take in adverse environment.
Term
Mycotic Infection
Definition
Fungal infection, often resistant to treatment.
Term
Opportunistic Infection
Definition
Pathogens on the skin/mucous membranes do not cause disease unless conditions change or they enter the internal environment.
Term
Vector
Definition
Arthropod that carries an infectious pathogen from one organism to another.
Term
Vaccine
Definition
Killed or attenuated (weakened) pathogen used to stimulate immunity.
Term
Neoplasm
Definition
Tumor. Abnormal growths of cells. Cells that have lost control over growth mechanisms.
Term
Benign
Definition
Tumors that remain localized.
Term
Malignant
Definition
Tumors that can spread (metastasis) to form secondary tumors at new locations.
Term
Health
Definition
Physical,mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease.
Term
Carcinomas
Definition
Malignant epithelial tumors.
Term
Melanoma
Definition
Carcinoma, involves melanocytes.
Term
Adenocarcinoma
Definition
Carcinoma, glandular cancer.
Term
Sarcomas
Definition
Connective tissue cancers.
Term
Lymphoma
Definition
Sarcoma. Lymphatic cancer.
Term
Osteosarcoma
Definition
Sarcoma. Bone cancer.
Term
Myeloma
Definition
Sarcoma. Bone marrow tumor.
Term
Fibrosarcoma
Definition
Sarcoma. Cancer of fibrous tissue.
Term
Covered Entity
Definition
Healthcare organizations covered under HIPPA regulations such as; public health authorities, healthcare cle
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