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MCC Paramedic
A&P Respiratory System
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/18/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What does the Respiratory System Do?
Definition
  1. Ventilation (Breathing or Respiration)
  2. Gas Exchange
Term
Is inhalation an active or inactive process?
Definition

Inhalation is an active process using the inspiratory muscles (Diaphram and External Intercostals)

 

Term
What nerve produces contratcion of the diaphram?
Definition
The Phrenic Nerve
Term
Is Exhalation an active or passive process?
Definition
Exhalation is generally a passive process caused by chest recoil. This can be an active process during difficulty breathing through the use of abdominal and internal intercostal muscles to expel air.
Term
Name the upper respiratory structures
Definition
  • Nose
  • Pharynx (Throat)
  • Larynx (Cartilage area)
Term
Name the lower respiratory structures.
Definition
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveolar Ducts
  • Alveoli
Term
What are the differences between the Conduction Zone and Respiratory Zone?
Definition

Conduction Zone

  • Moves Air
  • Warms Air
  • Moistens Air
  • Filters Air
  • Airway Resistance

Respiratory Zone

  • Gas Exchange
Term
What type of cells line the Respiratory Epithelium?
Definition
  • Cilia
  • Mucous
  • Pseudostratisfied Epithelium

Smokers develop stratisfied squamous in place if Pseudostratisfied, no longer have cilia or goblets.

Term
What is Respiratory Acidosis?
Definition

Increase in CO2

 

Decrease in Ph

Term
What is the Carina?
Definition
Location where the trachea divides to the L and R Primary Bronchus
Term
Where is the greatest site of airway resistance?
Definition

In the bronchi and bronchioles.

 

They are affected by the SNS (Bronchodilation) and the ParaSNS (Bronchoconstriction)

Term
Where does the majority of gas exchange occur?
Definition

in the alveoli (a small amout occurs with respiratory bronchioles)

 

Alveoli are rifhly surrounded by pulmonary capillaries.

Term
Name the 4 Paranasal Sinuses
Definition
  • Frontal
  • Maxillary
  • Spenoidal
  • Ethmoidal

Olfactory receptors reside in the nasal cavity

Term
Name the 3 parts of the pharynx
Definition
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx

is approx 5 inches long

Term
What is the Larynx composed of?
Definition
  • Thyroid Cartilage (Adam's Apple)
  • Cricoid Cartilage
  • Epiglotis
Term
Where are the vocal chords located?
Definition
In the Larynx
Term
What is a Tracheotomy
Definition
incision made through the skin through the 2nd 3rd or 4th tracheal ring
Term
How many lobes to the left and right Lungs have?
Definition

Right - 3

 

Left - 2

Term

What are the following:

  • Parietal Pleura
  • Visceral Pleura
  • Pleural Fluid
Definition

Visceral Pleura is the covering directly around the lung

 

Parietal Pleura is the lining around the outside of the Visceral Pleura

 

The Pleural Fluid is a fluid that fills the space between the visceral and parietal pleura

Term
What is a Pneumothorax?
Definition
The presence of air in the interpleural space on one side of the chest.  - leads to collapse of the lung
Term
What prevents the collapse of alveoli within the lung?
Definition
Pulmonary Surfactant which coats the inside of each alveolus and lowers the surface tension
Term
What cells create Pulmonary Serfactant?
Definition
Type 2 Alveolar Cells
Term
What is Tidal Volume (TV)?
Definition

The amount of air that moves into and out of the lungs with each inspiration and expiration.  Normal resting adult TV is approx 500 cc.

 

*Note: only approx 350 cc's reach the alveoli

Term
What is Minute Ventilation (MV)?
Definition

Total air taken in by the lungs in a one minute period.

 

MVe = TV x RR

Term
What is the Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Definition
The amount of air you can inspire above your normal tidal volume
Term
What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?
Definition
The amount of air you can expire above your normal tidal volume.
Term
What is Residual Volume (RV)
Definition
The amount of air left in the respiratory system after a forced expiration.
Term
How many O2 mollecules can bind to 1 Hb?
Definition
4
Term
What are the methods of oxygen transport?
Definition
  • 1.5% desolved in blood plasma
  • 98.5% bound to Hb in RBCs
Term
What is the normal RBC count in 1ml of blood?
Definition
Approx 5 million
Term
Describe Hypoxia and it's causes
Definition

Hypoxia is a deficiency of O2 at the tissue level caued by:

  • Decreaded Ventilation
  • Anemia
  • Ischemia
Term
How is carbon dioxide transported by the blood?
Definition
  • Dissolved in plasma - 7%
  • Bound to Hb - 23%
  • As bicarbonate ions - 70%
Term

Regulation of Respiration

 

The 2 most important collections of neurons are where?

Definition

Medulla inspiratory and expiratory centers.

 

Centers in the Pons have modifying function (can lower/raise RR)

 

Aortic Arch also has chemoreceptors to regulate Oand CO2 in the blood

Term
What is a normal breathing rate?
Definition
12-18 resp / min
Term
Where are the chemoreceptors that are sensitive to changes in arterial O2 CO2 and pH located?
Definition
In the carotids and the aorta. These chemoreceptors notify the brainstem to change the RR/depth
Term
What are the Primary and Secondary breathing drives?
Definition

Primary drive is a raising CO2 levels

 

Secondary drive is a falling O2 level

Term

Describe the following types of breathing:

  • Eupnea
  • Hyperventilation
  • Dyspnea
  • Apnea
  • Respiratory Arrest
Definition
  • Eupnea - Normal RR
  • Hyperventilation - Rapid & Deep
  • Dyspnea - Labored or difficult breathing
  • Apnea - Brief period of breathing cessation
  • Respiratory Arrest - Long period of breathing cessation
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