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mcb 245 practical 1
10/2/17
138
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
09/30/2017

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

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Term
[image]
Definition
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Locations: lining of blood and lymph vessels, lining of ventral cavities, portions of kidney tubules, inner lining of cornea, alveoli of lungs
Functions: rapid diffusion(permeability), reduce friction
Term
columnar epithelia shape
Definition
tall, slender rectangles
Term
cuboidal epithelia shape
Definition
square shaped
Term
squamous epithelia shape
Definition
thin and flat
Term
how are epithelial tissues classified
Definition
based on degree of layering and shape of cells on outer layer
Term
epithelial tissue characteristics
Definition
cellularity(tight cell junctions-very little ECM), polarity (apical and basal surfaces), attachment (basal lamina/basement membrane), avascular (few blood vessels), regeneration (high rates of turnover), layers (for stratified)
Term
connective tissue subtypes
Definition
PROPER//LOOSE( areolar, adipose, reticular) PROPER//DENSE( regular, irregular, elastic)
SUPPORTING connective tissue: CARTILAGE( hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage) &BONE; Fluid connective tissue (blood, lymph)
Term
connective tissue functions
Definition
binds, supports, and protects other tissues and organs
establish structural framework, protect organs, support and interconnect tissues, store energy reserves, thermally insulate body, transport fluids and dissolved materials, defend against pathogens
Term
connective tissue composition
Definition
cells, protein fibers, ground substance
Term
epithelial tissue subtypes
Definition
SIMPLE(squamous, cuboidal, columnar, pseudo stratified columnar) STRATIFIED (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional)
Term
epithelial tissue functions
Definition
covers body and organ surfaces, lines body cavities and organ cavities, forms some glands, physical protection, control permeability, provide sensations, produce specialized secretions
Term
epithelial tissue composition
Definition
tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix
Term
[image]
Definition
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Locations: outer surface of skin, lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus and vagina
Functions: protection against physical abrasions, pathogens, chemical injury from exposure to "outside" environment
2 types: keratinized( dead superficial cells) and nonkeratinized
Term
[image]
Definition
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Locations: glands(endocrine/exocrine), parts of kidney tubules, thyroid gland
Functions: secretions of hormones and other solutions
Term
[image]
Definition
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Locations: linings of some ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands
Functions: secretion of exocrine fluids like sweat and breastmilk
Term
[image]
Definition
Simple columnar epithelium
Locations: stomach lining, intestinal lining, uterine tubes
Functions: absorption(primarily digestive) and secretion of mucus
can be ciliated or not but slides will be NONcillated
Term
[image]
Definition
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Locations: salivary gland ducts, urethra
Functions: protection because it's stratified, and secretion of saliva
Term
[image]
Definition
Pseudo stratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Locations: lining of nasal passages, trachea, and bronchi
Functions: protection- cilia trap particles
have oval looking GOBLET CELLS-- looks stratified but not actually
Term
[image]
Definition
Transitional Epithelium
Location: urinary bladder, ureters
Function: allows expansion and recoils upon stretch
our slides relaxed
has epithelial cell, then binucleated cell, then basement membrane
Term
Connective Tissue Proper
Definition
Function: Connect and Protect
2 classes: Loose- more ground substance and fewer fibers; Dense- more fibers and less ground substance
Term
[image]
Definition
Areolar Connective tissue (loose)
Properties and functions: highly vascularized, contains both collagen and elastic fibers, cushion organs, provides support but allows movement, defense (contains phagocytic cells)
Locations: deep dermis of skin, beneath epithelial lining of GI tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, between muscles, covers blood vessels, nerves, and joints
Term
[image]
Definition
Adipose connective tissue (loose)
Properties and functions: provides padding, cushions shocks, insulator (thermal), storage of energy
Locations: deep to the skin, breasts, buttocks, padding around kidneys, abdominal region
Term
[image]
Definition
Reticular connective tissue (loose)
Properties and functions: provides supporting framework (contains reticular fibers)
Locations: liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow
Term
[image]
Definition
Dense regular connective tissues
properties and functions: poorly vascularized, mostly fibers with few ground substance, tightly packed with a lot of collagen fibers, site of attachment for bones to muscles, reduce friction between muscles, stabilize relative positions of bones
Locations: tendons (muscle to bone attachments), ligaments (bone to bone attachments)
Term
[image]
[image]
Definition
dense irregular connective tissues
Properties and functions: provides strength and reduces forces from multiple directions, helps prevent over expansion of organs (urinary bladder), contains collagen fibers
Locations: periosteum (covering of bone), perichondrium (covering of cartilage), dermis of skin, urinary bladder
Term
[image]
Definition
Elastic connective tissues (dense)
properties and functions: stabilization permits contraction/expansion of organs, contain elastic fibers
Locations: ligaments between vertebrae, ligaments supporting penis, trachea, vocal chords, aorta
Term
Supportive Connective Tissue
Definition
Properties: strong framework, few cells, fibrous matrix, mature cells (chondrocytes), in lacunae (cavity)
function: support and shape
two types: cartilage and bone
Term
Cartilage characteristics
Definition
no innervation, avascular, surrounded by perichondrium
Term
[image]
Definition
Hyaline cartilage (supportive)
properties and function: provides stiff but flexible support, reduces friction between bony surfaces (joints)
Locations: covering bone surfaces at synovial joints (knee, elbow, hip, shoulder), structures of respiratory tract (larynx, trachea, bronchi), anterior portion of nose
Term
[image]
Definition
Fibrocartilage (supportive)
Properties and function: resists compression, prevents bone to bone contact and limits movement of vertebral column, contains rows of collagen fibers
Locations: pads in knee joint, pubic symphysis, cartilage of intervertebral disks
Term
[image]
Definition
Elastic cartilage (supportive)
properties and functions: tolerates flexion and returns to original shape, contains web of elastic fibers
locations: tip of ear, epiglottis, ear canal
Term
[image]
Definition
Blood (fluid connective tissue)
functions: transport nutrients, wastes, and defense cells throughout the body
comprised of liquid matrix (plasma) and formed elements (cells or hematocrit- comprised erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets)
Term
Lymph (fluid connective tissue)
Definition
similar to blood plasma but fewer suspended proteins
functions: carries fluid and lymphocytes( type of leukocyte) to lymph glands and then back to venous system to be recirculated into blood
formed component is primarily lymphocytes
Term
what are bones classified by
Definition
shape, bone markings (surface features, marks), internal tissue organization
Term
shape bone classifications
Definition
long bones, flat bones, irregular bones, short bones
Term
Long bones
Definition
long and thin, found in arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers, toes
Term
flat bones
Definition
thin with parallel surfaces, found in skull, sternum, ribs, scapulae
Term
irregular bones
Definition
complex shapes, examples: vertebrae, pelvic bones
Term
short bones
Definition
small and thick, examples ankle and wrist bones
Term
bone landmarks
Definition
the bumps, grooves, and holes on bones
are used for muscle attachment, passageways for blood vessels and nerves, support, and movement
Term
facet
Definition
small, flat shallow surface
[image]
Term
fossa
Definition
flattened or shallow depression
[image]
Term
crest
Definition
narrow, prominent, ridge like projection
[image]
Term
line
Definition
low ridge
[image]
Term
ramus
Definition
angular extension of a bone relative to rest of structure
[image]
Term
spine
Definition
pointed, slender process
[image]
Term
foramen
Definition
rounded passageway through a bone
[image]
Term
condyle
Definition
large, smooth rounded oval structure
[image]
Term
head
Definition
prominent, rounded epiphysis
[image]
Term
epicondyle
Definition
projection adjacent to condyle
[image]
Term
trochanter
Definition
massive, rough projection found only in femur
[image]
Term
trochlea
Definition
smooth, grooved, pulley-like process
[image]
Term
sulcus
Definition
narrow groove
[image]
Term
tubercle
Definition
small, round projection
[image]
Term
tuberosity
Definition
large, rough projection
[image]
Term
alveolus
Definition
deep pit or socket in maxillae or mandible
[image]
Term
process
Definition
any marked bony prominence
[image]
Term
ramus
Definition
angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure [image]
Term
canal
Definition
passageway through a bone
[image]
Term
fissure
Definition
narrow, slitlike opening through a bone
[image]
Term
meatus
Definition
passageway through a bone
[image]
Term
osteoblast
Definition
immature bone cell that secretes osteoid, the organic component of bone matrix
Term
osteocyte
Definition
mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix
Term
osteoclast
Definition
multinucleate cell that secretes acids and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix
Term
[image]
Definition
Compact bone
locations: shaft of long bones
components include: repeating structural units referred to as osteons (each contains lamellae, canaliculi, lacunae, central canal)
Term
[image]
Definition
Spongy bone
Locations: flat bones of skull, ribs, sternum, mandible, head of long bones
structurally not as highly organized as compact bone, composed of fibrous network of trabeculae containing lamellar rings housing osteocytes within lacunae
Term
[image]
Definition
Developing membrane/spongy bone
Term
Skull has 22 bones
Definition
8 cranial and 14 facial
Term
8 Cranial bones
Definition
2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, 1 occipital bone, 1 frontal bone, 1 sphenoid bone, 1 ethmoid
[image]
Term
Frontal bone
Definition
Forms the anterior cranium, upper eye sockets, and the anterior cranial fossa of the cranial floor
Contains frontal sinuses (cavities filled with air)
[image]
Term
squamous part
Definition
marking of frontal bone-forehead
[image]
Term
Supraorbital notch
Definition
an incomplete supraorbital foramen[image]
Term
Parietal Bones
Definition
Forms part of the superior and lateral surfaces of the cranium
[image]
Term
Marks of Temporal bone
Definition
superior and inferior temporal line
[image]
Term
Temporal Bones
Definition
Part of lateral walls of cranium and zygomatic arches
• Articulate with mandible
• Surround and protect inner ear
• Attach muscles of jaws and head
Term
Zygomatic arch
Definition
made of 2 parts: zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone
[image]
Term
Squamous part (temporal bone)
Definition
Borders the squamous suture
[image]
Term
Mandibular fossa (temporal bone
Definition
Articulates with the mandible
[image]
Term
Zygomatic process (temporal bone
Definition
Inferior to the squamous part
• Articulates with temporal process of zygomatic bone
• Forms zygomatic arch (cheekbone)
[image]
Term
Mastoid process (temporal bone
Definition
for muscle attachment
[image]
Term
styloid process (temporal bone)
Definition
Attachment for muscles of the tongue and larynx
[image]
Term
Petrous part (temporal bone)
Definition
protects inner ear
[image]
Term
Carotid canals (temporal bone)
Definition
for internal carotid artery
[image]
Term
Foramen lacurem
Definition
For carotid and small
arteries
Auditory tube
[image]
Term
External/internal acoustic meatus
Definition
For blood vessels and nerves of the inner ear
Facial nerve
[image]
Term
Occipital bone
Definition
Forms the posterior and inferior surfaces of the cranium, forms posterior cranial fossa of the cranium floor
Term
External Occipital Protuberance
Definition
[image]
Term
Occipital condyles
Definition
articulate with cervical vertebra C1[image]
Term
Foramen magnum
Definition
connects cranial and spinal cavities[image]
Term
Jugular foramen
Definition
for jugular vein
[image]
Term
Hypoglossal canals
Definition
for hypoglossal nerves
[image]
Term
Sphenoid bone
Definition
¢ Part of the floor of the cranium
¢ Unites cranial and facial bones
¢ Strengthens sides of the skull[image]
Term
Sphenoid body
Definition
[image]
Term
Sella turcica
Definition
Saddle-shaped enclosure
• Holds the pituitary gland
[image]
Term
Lesser wings and greater wings
Definition
[image]
Term
Pterygoid process
Definition
Muscle attachment
– Medial pterygoid plate
– Lateral pterygoid plate
[image]
Term
Optic canals
Definition
for optic nerves
[image]
Term
Superiororbital fissure
Definition
for blood vessels and nerves of the orbit
[image]
Term
Foramen rotundum
Definition
for blood vessels and nerves of the face
[image]
Term
Foramen ovale
Definition
for blood vessels and nerves of the face
[image]
Term
Foramen spinosum
Definition
for blood vessels and nerves of the jaws
[image]
Term
Ethmoid bone
Definition
Forms anteromedial floor of the cranium
¢ Roof of the nasal cavity
¢ Part of the nasal septum and medial orbital wall
Term
cribriform plate (ethmoid)
Definition
Floor of the cranium
¢ Roof of the nasal cavity
¢ Contains the cristi galli
[image]
Term
Olfactory foramina
Definition
In the cribriform plate For olfactory nerves
Term
Superior nasal conchae
Definition
[image]
[image]
Term
middle nasal conchae
Definition
[image]
[image]
Term
perpendicular plate
Definition
Superior part of the nasal septum
[image]
Term
Sutures
Definition
The immovable joints of the skull
4 types: Lambdoid, coronal, sagittal, squamous
[image]
[image]
Term
Sinuses
Definition
air-filled spaces spaces in the following skull bones: — ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, parietal and maxillae
Functions: reducing the weight of the skull
— contain mucosal epithelium to help provide immunological protection by guarading entrances to our respiratory passages
— increase resonance during phonation (sound production)
[image]
Term
maxillae
Definition
Support upper teeth
• Form upper jaw and hard palate
[image]
Term
Orbital rim
Definition
protects eye and orbit
[image]
Term
Alveolar processes
Definition
borders the mouth and supports upper teeth[image]
Term
Palatine Processes
Definition
form the hard palate (roof of mouth)
[image]
Term
Incisive foramen
Definition
allows for passage of nerves and blood vessels
[image]
Term
Infraorbital foramen
Definition
For sensory nerve to brain
[image]
Term
Palatine bones
Definition
Form the posterior portion of the hard palate
Contribute to the floors of the orbits
*Has horizontal plate*
[image]
Term
Nasal Bones
Definition
Support the bridge of the nose
¢ Connect to cartilages of the distal part of the nose (external nares)
[image]
Term
Vomer
Definition
forms inferior portion of bony nasal septum
[image]
Term
Inferior nasal conchae
Definition
To create air turbulence in the nasal cavity
¢ To increase the epithelial surface area
¢ To warm and humidify inhaled air
[image]
Term
Zygomatic bones
Definition
Contribute to the rim and lateral wall of the orbit
¢ Form part of the zygomatic arch
[image]
Term
Temporal and Zygomatic processes
Definition
[image]
Term
Lacrimal bones
Definition
¢ The smallest facial bones
¢ Form part of the medial wall of the orbit
[image]
Term
Mandible
Definition
Forms the lower jaw
Term
Body (mandible)
Definition
horizontal portion
[image]
Term
mental protuberance (mandible)
Definition
attaches facial muscles
[image]
Term
Ramus (mandible)
Definition
ascending from the mandibular angle on either side
[image]
Term
Condylar process (mandible)
Definition
articulates with temporal bone
[image]
Term
alveolar process
Definition
for attachment of teeth
[image]
Term
coronoid process (mandible)
Definition
insertion point for temporalis muscle (closes the jaws)[image]
Term
mandibular notch
Definition
separates condylar and coronoid processes
[image]
Term
Articularsurfacefor temporomandibular joint
Definition
[image]
Term
Angle (mandible)
Definition
[image]
Term
Mylohyoid line (mandible)
Definition
attachment site for pharyngeal muscles
[image]
Term
Submandibular fossa
Definition
depression for salivary glands
[image]
Term
mental foramen
Definition
forsensory nerves of lips and chin
[image]
Term
hyoid bone
Definition
Supports the larynx
¢ Attaches muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and tongue
only bone in the body that doesn’t articulate with any other bones
[image]
Term
Body (hyoid)
Definition
[image]
Term
Greater horns and lesser horns (hyoid)
Definition
[image]
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