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| carbohydrates, protein, fat |
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| iron, cobalt,copper, manganese, zinc |
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| Inadequate nutrition resulting from lack of food or failure of the body to absorb or assimilate nutrients properly. |
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| is a form of malnutrition in which nutrients are oversupplied relative to the amounts required for normal growth, development, and metabolism. Over nutrition is a type of malnutrition where there are more nutrients than required for normal growth. i.e. obesity |
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| Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function. |
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| # An instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink. |
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| The ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes. |
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| One of the chemical messengers created by the endocrine gland, conveyed by the blood stream. |
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| The system of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor and effector organs. |
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| System of vessels that convey blood to and from tissues throughout the body, bringing nutrients and oxygen and removing wastes and carbon dioxide |
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| he process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body. It is accomplished in the alimentary canal by the mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of foods into simpler chemical compounds. |
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| Solid bodily waste discharged from the colon through the anus during defecation. Normal feces are 75% water. The rest is about 30% dead bacteria, 30% indigestible food matter, 10 – 20% cholesterol and other fats, 10 – 20% inorganic substances, and 2 – 3% protein. |
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| The viscous, slippery substance that consists chiefly of mucin, water, cells, and inorganic salts and is secreted as a protective lubricant coating by cells and glands of the mucous membranes. |
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| Substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which life's chemical reactions proceed without being altered in the process |
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| Decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water, such as the dissociation of a dissolved salt or the catalytic conversion of starch to glucose. |
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| The cephalic phase of gastric secretion occurs even before food enters the stomach, especially while it is being eaten. It results from the sight, smell, thought, or taste of food, and the greater the appetite, the more intense is the stimulation. |
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| The watery mixture of secretions from the salivary and oral mucous glands that lubricates chewed food, moistens the oral walls, and contains ptyalin. |
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| The watery mixture of secretions from the salivary and oral mucous glands that lubricates chewed food, moistens the oral walls, and contains ptyalin. |
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| An enzyme which breaks down (hydrolyzes) starch, the reserve carbohydrate in plants, and glycogen, the reserve carbohydrate in animals, into reducing fermentable sugars, mainly maltose |
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| the actual physical break down of food into smaller pieces |
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| Process of dissolving and chemically converting food for absorption by cells. |
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| The fleshy, movable, muscular organ, attached in most vertebrates to the floor of the mouth, that is the principal organ of taste, an aid in chewing and swallowing, and, in humans, an important organ of speech. |
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| Enzyme that hydrolyses fats to glycerol and fatty acids |
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| a rounded mass of food or pharmaceutical preparation ready to be swallowed, or such a mass passing through the gastrointestinal tract |
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| The section of the alimentary canal that extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus. |
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| a flap of skin that covers the windpipe when swallowing. |
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| a technique of ejecting an obstruction from the trachea of a choking victim. |
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| A thin-walled, cartilaginous tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs. Also called windpipe. |
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| Fat-soluble alcohol, most abundant in fatty fish and especially in fish-liver oils. Helps vision and cell development. |
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| Muscular tube that conveys food by peristalsis from the pharynx to the stomach. |
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| The wavelike muscular contractions of the alimentary canal or other tubular structures by which contents are forced onward toward the opening. |
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| A circular band of muscle that closes the last few centimeters of the esophagus and prevents the backward flow of stomach contents. |
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| The opening of the esophagus into the stomach. |
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| portion of an organ furthest from its opening. |
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| The ring of muscle that controls the passage of material from the stomach into the small intestine |
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| The inactive precursor to pepsin, formed in the chief cells of the mucous membrane of the stomach and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid during digestion |
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| A digestive enzyme found in gastric juice that catalyzes the breakdown of protein to peptides. |
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| the difference between the amount of a substance, such as a drug, herb, or chemical, to which a person is exposed and the actual dose of the substance the body receives. |
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| the difference between the amount of a substance, such as a drug, herb, or chemical, to which a person is exposed and the actual dose of the substance the body receives. |
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| a specific protein substance that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestines. |
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| Thick semifluid mass of partly digested food and secretions, formed in the stomach and intestines during digestion. |
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| Last phase of digestion (cephalic, gastric, intestinal) starting when food reaches the intestines. |
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