Shared Flashcard Set

Details

mbios 130
Nutrition
47
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/08/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Macronutrients
Definition
carbohydrates, protein, fat
Term
Micronutrients
Definition
iron, cobalt,copper, manganese, zinc
Term
ATP
Definition
Adenosine Triphosphate
Term
Under Nutrition
Definition
Inadequate nutrition resulting from lack of food or failure of the body to absorb or assimilate nutrients properly.
Term
Over Nutrition
Definition
is a form of malnutrition in which nutrients are oversupplied relative to the amounts required for normal growth, development, and metabolism. Over nutrition is a type of malnutrition where there are more nutrients than required for normal growth. i.e. obesity
Term
Malnutrition
Definition
Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function.
Term
Appetite
Definition
# An instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes.
Term
Hormones
Definition
One of the chemical messengers created by the endocrine gland, conveyed by the blood stream.
Term
Nervous System
Definition
The system of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor and effector organs.
Term
Cardiovascular System
Definition
System of vessels that convey blood to and from tissues throughout the body, bringing nutrients and oxygen and removing wastes and carbon dioxide
Term
Digestion
Definition
he process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body. It is accomplished in the alimentary canal by the mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of foods into simpler chemical compounds.
Term
Feces
Definition
Solid bodily waste discharged from the colon through the anus during defecation. Normal feces are 75% water. The rest is about 30% dead bacteria, 30% indigestible food matter, 10 – 20% cholesterol and other fats, 10 – 20% inorganic substances, and 2 – 3% protein.
Term
Digestive Aids
Definition
Vitamin B6, bacteria
Term
Mucus
Definition
The viscous, slippery substance that consists chiefly of mucin, water, cells, and inorganic salts and is secreted as a protective lubricant coating by cells and glands of the mucous membranes.
Term
Enzymes
Definition
Substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which life's chemical reactions proceed without being altered in the process
Term
Hydrolosis
Definition
Decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water, such as the dissociation of a dissolved salt or the catalytic conversion of starch to glucose.
Term
Cephalic Phase
Definition
The cephalic phase of gastric secretion occurs even before food enters the stomach, especially while it is being eaten. It results from the sight, smell, thought, or taste of food, and the greater the appetite, the more intense is the stimulation.
Term
Mouth/Saliva
Definition
The watery mixture of secretions from the salivary and oral mucous glands that lubricates chewed food, moistens the oral walls, and contains ptyalin.
Term
Mouth/Saliva
Definition
The watery mixture of secretions from the salivary and oral mucous glands that lubricates chewed food, moistens the oral walls, and contains ptyalin.
Term
Amylase
Definition
An enzyme which breaks down (hydrolyzes) starch, the reserve carbohydrate in plants, and glycogen, the reserve carbohydrate in animals, into reducing fermentable sugars, mainly maltose
Term
Mechanical Digestion
Definition
the actual physical break down of food into smaller pieces
Term
Chemical Digestion
Definition
Process of dissolving and chemically converting food for absorption by cells.
Term
Tongue
Definition
The fleshy, movable, muscular organ, attached in most vertebrates to the floor of the mouth, that is the principal organ of taste, an aid in chewing and swallowing, and, in humans, an important organ of speech.
Term
Lipase
Definition
Enzyme that hydrolyses fats to glycerol and fatty acids
Term
Bolus
Definition
a rounded mass of food or pharmaceutical preparation ready to be swallowed, or such a mass passing through the gastrointestinal tract
Term
Pharynx
Definition
The section of the alimentary canal that extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus.
Term
Epiglottis
Definition
a flap of skin that covers the windpipe when swallowing.
Term
Heimlich Method
Definition
a technique of ejecting an obstruction from the trachea of a choking victim.
Term
Trachea
Definition
A thin-walled, cartilaginous tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs. Also called windpipe.
Term
Vitamin A
Definition
Fat-soluble alcohol, most abundant in fatty fish and especially in fish-liver oils. Helps vision and cell development.
Term
Goblet Cells
Definition
Secrete mucus
Term
Esophagus
Definition
Muscular tube that conveys food by peristalsis from the pharynx to the stomach.
Term
Peristalsis
Definition
The wavelike muscular contractions of the alimentary canal or other tubular structures by which contents are forced onward toward the opening.
Term
Gastric Phase
Definition
Relating to the stomach.
Term
Esophageal Sphincter
Definition
A circular band of muscle that closes the last few centimeters of the esophagus and prevents the backward flow of stomach contents.
Term
Cardia
Definition
The opening of the esophagus into the stomach.
Term
Fundus
Definition
portion of an organ furthest from its opening.
Term
Pylorus
Definition
The ring of muscle that controls the passage of material from the stomach into the small intestine
Term
HCL
Definition
Hydrochloric acid.
Term
Pepsinogen
Definition
The inactive precursor to pepsin, formed in the chief cells of the mucous membrane of the stomach and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid during digestion
Term
Pepsin
Definition
A digestive enzyme found in gastric juice that catalyzes the breakdown of protein to peptides.
Term
Bioavailability
Definition
the difference between the amount of a substance, such as a drug, herb, or chemical, to which a person is exposed and the actual dose of the substance the body receives.
Term
Bioavailability
Definition
the difference between the amount of a substance, such as a drug, herb, or chemical, to which a person is exposed and the actual dose of the substance the body receives.
Term
Intrinsic Factor
Definition
a specific protein substance that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the intestines.
Term
Chyme
Definition
Thick semifluid mass of partly digested food and secretions, formed in the stomach and intestines during digestion.
Term
Intestinal Phase
Definition
Last phase of digestion (cephalic, gastric, intestinal) starting when food reaches the intestines.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!