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Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/06/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Fibers arise from olfactory epithelium and run through cribiform plate of ethmoid bone to synaspse in olfactory bulbs
Definition
Purely sensory carrries afferent impluses associated with sense of smell
Term
Fibers arise from retina of eye to form the optic nerve and pass through optic canal of orbit. Fibers partially cross over at the optic chiasma and continue on to the thalamus as the optic tracts. Final fibers of this pathway travel from the thalamus to the visual cortex as the optic radiation
Definition
Purely sensory carries afferent impluses associated with vision
Term
Oculomotor fibers emerge from dorsal midbrain and course ventrally to enter the orbit they exit from skull via superior orbital fissue
Definition
Primarily motor somatic mot fibers to inferior oblique and superior inferior and medial rectus muscles of which direct eyeball and to levator
Term
Trochlear fibers emerge from midbrain and exit from skull via superior orbital fissue
Definition
primary motor provides somatic motor fibers to superior oblique muscle that moves eyeball
Term
Trigeminal Fibers emerge from pons and from three divisions which exit separately from skull: mandibular division through foramen ovalein sphenoid bone, maxiallary division via foramen rotundum in sphenoid bone, and opthalmic division through superior orbital fissure of eye socket
Definition
mixed major sensory nerve of face conducts sensory impluses from skin of face and anterior scalp from mucosae of mouth and nose, and from surface of eyes, mandiublar division also contains motor fibers that innervate muscles of mastication and muscles of floor of mouth
Term
abducens fibers leave inferior pons and exit from skull via superiro orbital fissure to run to eye
Definition
carries somatic motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle that moves the eyeball
Term
facial fibers leave pons and travel through temporal bone via internal acoustic meatus, exiting via sytlomastoid foramen to reach the face
Definition
mixed supplies somatic motor fibers to muscles of facial expression and parasympathetic motor fibers to lacrimal and salivary glands carries sensory fibers from taste receptor of anterior portion of tongue
Term

Vestibulocochlear fibers run from inner-ear equilibrium and hearing apparatus, house in temporal bones, through internal acoustic meatus to enter pons

Definition
Purely sensory vestibular branch transmits impluses associated with sense of equilibrium from vestibular apparatus and semicircular cana;s: cochlear branch transmits impluses associated with hearing from cochlea
Term
Glossopharyngeal fibers emerge from medulla and leave skill via jugular foramen to run to throat
Definition
mixed somatic motor fibers serve pharyngeal muscles and parasympathetic motor fibers serve salivry glands; sensory fibers carry impluses from pharynx, tonils, posterior tongue (taste buds) and from chemoreceptors and pressure receptors of carotid artery
Term
Vagus- ibers emerge from medulla and pass through jugular foramen descned through neck region into thorax and abdomen
Definition
Mixed fibers carry somatic  motor impluses to pharnyx and larnxy and sensory fibers from same structures very large pportion is composed of parasympathetic motor fibers which supply heart and smooth muscles of abdominal visceral orgams transmits sensory impluses from viscera
Term
Accessory fibers arise from the superior aspect of spinal cord, enter the skull, and travel through jugular foramen to reach muscles of neck and back
Definition
mixed (but primarily motor in function) provides somatic motor fibers to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles and to muscles of soft palate, pharny adn larynx spinal and medullary fibers respectively
Term
Hypoglossal fibers arise form edulla and exit from skull via hypoglossal canal to travel to tongue
Definition
mixed but primarily motor in function carries somatic motor fibers to muscles of tongue
Term
Acetycholine
Definition
Neuromuscular junctions, most synapses of autonomic nervous system, retina and many parts of the brain, excites skeletal muscle, inhibits cardiace musclem and has excitatory or inhibitory effects on smooth muscle and glands depending on location
Term
Glutamate(glutamic acid)
Definition
Cerebral cortex and brainstem accounts for about 75% of all excitatory synaotic transmission in the brain involved in learned and memory
Term
Asparate(aspartic acid)
Definition
Spinal cordl effects similar to those of glutamate
Term
Glycine
Definition
inhibitory neurons of the brain, and spinal cord, and retina, most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord
Term

GABA

Definition
Thalamus,hypothalamus, cerebellum, occiptal lobes of cerebrum, and retina; the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
Term
Norepinephrine
Definition
Sympathetic nervous system, cerebral cortex, hypothlamus, brainstem,cerebellm, and spinal cord involved in dreaming, waking and mood, excited cardiac muscle can excite or inhibit smooth muscle and glands depending on location
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
Hypothalamus, thalamus, spinal cord, and adrenal medulla, effects similar to those of norepinephine
Term
Dopamine
Definition
Hypothalamus,limbic system, cerebral cortex, and retina: highly concentrated in substantia nigra of midbrain involved in elevation of mood and control of skeletal muscles
Term
Serotonin
Definition
Hypothalamus,limbic system, cerebellum, retina and spinal cord, also secreted by blood platelets and intestinal cells; involved in sleepiness, alertness, thermoregulation, and mood
Term
Histamine
Definition
Hypothalamus; also potent vasodialator released by mast cells of connective tissue and basophils of the blood
Term
Substance P
Definition
Basal nuclei, midbrain, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, small intestine, and pain-receptor neurons; mediates pain transmission
Term
Enkephalins
Definition
Hypothalamus, limbic system, pituitary, pain pathways of spinal cord, and nerve endings of digestive tract; act as analgesics(pain releievers by) by inhibiting substance Pl inhibit intestinal motility secretion increases sharply in women in labor
Term
B-Endorphine
Definition
Digestive tract, spinal cord, and many parts of the brain also secreted as a hormone by the pituitaty suppresses pain, reduces perception of fatigue and may produce runners high in athletes
Term
Cholecystoskin
Definition
Cerebral cortex and small intestine suppresses appetite
Term
Ascending-Gracile fasciculus
Definition
In medulla sensations of limb and trunk position and movement deep touch visceral pain and vibrations below level T6
Term
Asecending-Cuneate Fasciculus
Definition
In Medulla Same as gracile fasiculus  from level T6 UP
Term
Ascending-Spinothalamic
Definition
In spinal cord sensations of light touch, tickl, itch, temperature, and pain, and pressure
Term
Ascending-spinoreticular
Definition
Sensation of pain from tissue injury
Term
ascending-Posterior spinocerebellar
Definition
feedback from muscles (proprioception)
Term
Ascending Anterior spinocerebellar
Definition
in spinal cord Same as posterior spinocerebellar
Term
Descending-Lateral corticospinal
Definition
in medulla fine control of limbs
Term
Descending Anterior Corticospinal
Definition
In spinal cord fine control of limbs
Term
Descending tectospinal
Definition
In midbrain relfexive head turning in response to visual and auditory stimuli
Term
Descending Lateral reticulospinal
Definition
balance and posturel regulation of awareness of pain
Term
Descending Medial Reticulospinal
Definition
Same as lateral reticulospinal
Term
Descending Lateral vestivulospinal
Definition
Balance and posture
Term
Descending Medial vestibulospinal
Definition
IN medulla control of head position
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