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Master List of Tracts
For UConn MS1
30
Anatomy
Professional
12/26/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Olivo-cerebellar tract
Definition

Origin: inferior olive

 

Course: ICP

 

Destination:  climbing fibers in the cerebellar cortex

 

laterality: crossed

 

Function: training commands to the cerebellum

Term
cortico-olivary tract
Definition

Origin:  motor cortices

 

Course: internal capsules and cerebral peduncles

 

destination: inferior olive

 

laterality: uncrossed

 

function: copy of motor command and intent to inferior olive

Term
vestibulo-cerebellum outputs
Definition

origin: flocculus and fastigial nucleus

 

course: rostral- SCP; caudal- JRB

 

destination: rostral- VL of thalamus; caudal- direct to vestibular nuclei, indirect via fastigial nucleus to vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, and reticular formation

 

laterality: SCP- crossed, JRB-bilateral

 

Function: posture and balance control

Term
vestibulo-cerebellum inputs
Definition

origin: vestibular nuclei

 

course: JRB

 

destination: direct-fastigial nucleus and flocculus, indirect- flocculus

 

laterality: uncrossed

 

function: direct- sensory information; indirect- copies of upper motor neuron commands

Term
spino-cerebellum outputs
Definition

origin: intermediate zone and vermis to interposed and fastigial nuclei, respectively

 

course: rostral- SCP; caudal-JRB

 

destination: rostral- red nucleus, VL of thalamus; caudal- ventral horns, vestibular nuclei, reticular formation

 

laterality: rostral- crossed; caudal- some bilateral, some uncrossed

 

function: corrective output to the upper motor neruons with emphasis to the trunk and proximal limbs

Term
cerebro-cerebellum outputs
Definition

origin: lateral cerebellar cortex and dentate nucleus

 

course: superior cerebellar peduncles and cerebral peduncles

 

destination: pontine reticular formation, red nucleus, VL nucleus of thalamus

 

laterality: uncrossed

 

function: corrective output to upper motor neurons with primary effects on distal motor neurons 

Term
ponto-cerebellar fibers
Definition

origin: pontine nuclei

 

course: middle cerebellar peduncles

 

destination: cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei

 

laterality: crossed

 

function: copies of motor commands to the cerebellum

Term
cortico-pontine fibers
Definition

origin: upper motor neurons in the cortex

 

course: posterior limb of internal capsule to cerebral peduncles

 

destination: pontine nuclei

 

laterality: uncrossed

 

function: copies of motor commands to cerebellum

Term
Medial VST
Definition

origin: medial vestibular nucleus

 

course: medial brainstem and spinal cord, continuous w/ MLF

 

destination: cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord, motor neurons and interneurons

 

laterality: bilateral, bias to crossing

 

functions: postural adjustments of the neck in response to changes in head position

 

Term
Lateral VST
Definition

origin: lateral vestibular nucleus

 

course: laterally in brain stem tegmentum, through ventral columns

 

destination: all levels of SC, projections to alpha and gamma motor neurons in the medial VH and interneurons in the intermediate gray matter

 

laterality: uncrossed, topographical organization

 

funciton: mediates postural adjustments in response to changes in head position; facilitates extensors and inhibits flexors

Term
Lateral (medullary) reticulo-spinal tract
Definition

origin: medullary RF

 

course: through bulbar commissures and lateral column of SC

 

destination: interneurons of intermediate gray matter

 

laterality: bilateral, no somatotropic organization

 

function: suppresses muscle contractions in adjustments of posture and locomotion' axial and proximal limb muscles

Term
medial (pontine) reticulopsinal tract
Definition

origin: pontine RF

 

course: ventral RF to medulla to ventral column of spinal cord

 

destination: alpha and gamma motor neurons, especially interneurons

 

laterality:  uncrossed, no somatotropic organization

 

function: posture and locomotion, primarily project to axial muscles and proximal limb extensors

Term
corticoreticular tract
Definition

origin: sensori-motor cortex and some association cortex proejections

 

course: posterior limb of internal capsule

 

destination: pontine nuclei, medullary RF

 

laterality: bilateral, overall input predominately crossed, poor topographical organization

 

function: regulation of reticulospinal activity

Term
tectospinal tract
Definition

origin: superior colliculus

 

course: just dorsal to ML in the midbrain and just ventral to MVST in SC

 

destination: lower motor neurons in medial ventral horn

 

laterality: crossed

 

function: reflex postural movements, particularly of the head, in response to visual and auditory stimuli

Term
rubrospinal tract
Definition

origin: large cells of the red nucleus

 

course: descends ventral ot spinal trigeminal tract, then to LCST

 

destination: interneurons in the spinal gray matter

 

laterality: crosses at the rubrospinal commissure

 

function: facilitates flexors and inhibits extensors to mediate balance, posture, and coordination

Term
cortico-rubral tract
Definition

origin: pyramidal cells in layer V of M1, PMC, SMC, and S1

 

course: posterior limb of the interna capsule to the red nucleus

 

destination: red nucleus

 

laterality: uncrossed

 

function: conveys motor output to the red nucleus, which also recieves cerebellar inputs

Term
cortico-bulbar tracts
Definition

origin: pyramidal cells in layer V of M1, PMC, SMC, S1 where the head is represented

 

course: genu of internal capsule to middle cerebral to CN nuclei

 

destination: cranial nerve nuclei

 

laterality: 3-6: bilateral; 7-10,12: crossed with some uncrossed parts; 11: uncrossed

 

function: upper motor neurons to the cranial nerves

Term
corticospinal tracts
Definition

origin: pyramidal cells in layer V of M1, PMC, SMC, and S1

 

course: posterior limb of internal capsule to middle cerebral peduncle to pyramids to lateral white matter.  lateral=lumbrosaccral

 

destination: motor neuron nuclei in lateral ventral horns (lateral), medial ventral horns (ventral) 

 

laterality: lateral-decussation of pyramids; ventral- spinal cord, anterior white commissure

 

function: lateral- control of alpha motor neurons and interneurons in ventral horns.  fractional movements; ventral- modulation of sensory inputs

Term
mesenphalic nucleus and tract
Definition

origin: Ia, Ib, and II fibers from CNV

 

course: dorso-medial brainstem at and above the pons

 

desination: muscles of mastication, fibers arranged by muscle

 

laterality: uncrossed

 

function: reflexes, i.e. jaw-jerk reflexes

Term
spinal trigeminal tract
Definition

origin: small cutaneous fibers in the face

 

course: white matter around the spinal trigeminal nucleus

 

destination: VPM nucleus of the thalamus

 

laterality: crossed

 

function: pain, temperature, coarse touch from the face

Term
trigeminal lemniscus
Definition

origin: principal sensory nucleus of V and spinal trigeminal nucleus

 

course: trigeminal lemiscus near medial lemniscus; oral cavity medial and V1 lateral

 

destination: VPM nucleus of thalamus

 

laterality: crossed; some of the V3 uncrossed (large fibers only)

 

function: fine touch, two-point discrimination, vibration sense, proprioception, pain/temperaure from the face

Term
Lateral STT
Definition

origin: layers 1 and 2 of DH

 

course: lateral part of the spinothalamic tract

 

destination: VPM and MD nuclei of the thalamus

 

laterality: crossed at the SC

 

function: small receptive fields, nuerons for seperate pain sensations

Term
spinothalamic tract (ALS)
Definition

origin: deep layers of the DH

 

course: ventrolateral white matter, medulla, pons, midbrain

 

destination: VPL nucleus of the thalamus

 

laterality: crossed at the SC, anterior white commissure

 

function: detection of harmful stimuli, little pain discrimination

Term
cuneocerebellar tract
Definition

origin: accessory cuneate nucleus

 

course: inferior cerebellar peduncle

 

destination: ipsilateral cerebellar cortex

 

laterality: uncrossed

 

function: upper limb proprioception

Term
ventral spinocerebellar pathway
Definition

origin: ventral horns

 

course: anterolateral white matter

 

destination: superior cerebellar peduncles to the cerebellar cortex

 

laterality: double cross- spinal colrd level and decussation of the SCP

 

function: relays copies of UMN commands at the spinal cord level to the cerebellum

Term
dorsal and spinocerebellar pathway
Definition

origin: clarke's nucleus

 

course: dorso-lateral spinal cord

 

destination: inferior cerebellar peduncles to the cerebellar cortex

 

laterality: uncrossed

 

function: lower limb proprioception

Term
clarke's nucleus
Definition

origin; Ia, Ib, and II fibers from dorsal columns

 

course: intermediate gray matter of the thoracic spinal cord

 

destination: synapses in clarke's nucleus

 

laterality: uncrossed

 

function: lower limb proprioception

Term
thalamocortical projections
Definition

origin: nuclei of the thalamus

 

course: via posterior limb of the internal capsule, sacral=medulla

 

destination: primary somatosensory cortex

 

laterality: uncrossed

 

function: fibers from dorsal column/medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract (nonspecific pain and temperature), trigeminal system

Term
medial lemniscus
Definition

origin: gracile and cuneate nuclei

 

course: medial medulla, sacral=ventral, becomes lateral and dorsal

 

destination: VPL nucleus of the thalamus

 

laterality: crossed at the internal arculate fibers (medulla)

 

function: sensory information from DC nuclei to the thalamus

Term
dorsal columns
Definition

origin: DRG afferents

 

course: dorsal white matter

 

destination: the cuneate and gracile nuclei

 

laterality: uncrossed

 

function: touch, two point discrimination, vibration sense, and proprioception from cutaneous afferents

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