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Term
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| increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money |
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| a period of low economic activity combined with a rise in unemployment |
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| uprising of Massachusetts farmers, led by Daniel Shays, to protect high taxes, heavy debt, and farm foreclosures |
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| the idea that political authority belongs to the people |
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| the sharing of power between a central government and the states that make up a country |
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| people who supported ratification of the Constitution |
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| people who opposed ratification of the Constitution |
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| an official change, correction, or addition to a law or constitution |
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| every state, no matter what size, would have equal vote in the upper house of legislature; in lower house each state would have a number of representatives based on population |
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| each slave would be counted as 3/5 of a person when determining a state's representation |
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| Congress may ban slave trade after 20 years (1808) |
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| Congress controls taxes on interstate and international trade; states control trade within the state |
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Term
| What are 4 ways England took advantage of the Articles of Confederation's weaknesses? |
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Definition
1. closed many ports to American ships
2. forced American merchants to pay high duties on US exports
3. unequal trade - British goods were free to enter US (see #2)
4. Americans had to hire British ships to carry goods to British markets |
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| Why didn't the Article's congress put a stop to acts of disrespect? |
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Definition
| it did not have the power to pass tariffs |
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Term
Who were the 3 main authors of the Federalist Papers?
Were they federalists or anti-federalists? |
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Definition
| Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay - federalists |
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Term
| When was the Constitutional Convention held? What did the delegates plan on doing? |
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Definition
| May 1787 - discuss ways to improve the Articles of Confederation |
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| George Washington's position at the Constitutional Convention |
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Definition
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| James Madison's position at the Constitutional Convention |
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Definition
| kept notes, suggested ideas |
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| Gouverneur Morris's position at the Constitutional Convention |
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Definition
| writer - gave Constitution its final wording |
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Term
| What did the delegates agree on at the Constitutional Convention? |
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Definition
a. Federal national gov't that woudl be more powerful than state gov'ts
b. new constitution to protect people's welfare
c. power of gov't balanced between national gov't and state gov'ts
d. separate powers/jobs of gov't unto 3 branches
e. a system of checks and balances to prevent any branch from becoming too powerful |
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| What are the 3 branches of gov't, and what are their jobs? |
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Definition
1. Legislative branch - propose and pass laws
2. Executive branch - make sure laws are carried out
3. Judicial branch - interpret laws, punish criminals, settle disputes between states |
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Term
| What are delegated, reserved, and concurrent powers? |
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Definition
delegated = national
reserved = state
concurrent = shared by both |
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Term
| What were the post-Revolutionary War problems? |
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Definition
1. land
2. economy
3. gov't under the Articles of Confederation |
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Term
| What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? |
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Definition
- can't demand military
- can't control economy
- can't control states
- can't control trade |
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| What was the economic problem after the Revolutionary War? |
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Definition
- little $ to run gov't
- who to tax?
- Mass - tax farmers! -> Daniel Shays (rebels against Mass gov't) |
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Term
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Definition
| people who make, amend, or repeal laws |
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Term
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| the legislature of the United States gov't |
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| House of Representatives (HOR) |
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Definition
| lower house of Congress; each state's # of representatives determined by population |
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Term
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Definition
| presiding officer in HOR - elected by major party in House (current is Nancy Pelosi) |
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Term
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Definition
| a temporary President - elected Senator when President of Senate is absent |
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Term
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Definition
| an ACCUSATION of wrong doing - accusation originates in HOR, trial held in Senate |
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Term
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Definition
document published by gov't printing office; records all debates, votes, and discussions that have taken place in Congress
is available for public to read but if it is a matter of national security it will NOT be published |
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| gov't income due to taxation |
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Term
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Term
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| President does not sign legislation within 10 days of receiving it from Congress - not returned = no law |
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| vote by legislature to pass a bill over a veto - 2/3 majority vote in HOR and Senate |
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| a law declaring that a person is guilty of a particular crime - must have trial, can't just be accused |
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| court order that requires the gov't to bring a prisoner to court and explain why he or she is being held (must make accusation within 48 hours) |
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Definition
| when somebody does something that breaks a law prior to the date that it was passed - therefore punishes people for acts that were not illegal at the time |
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Term
| qualifications for HOR, term of office, current # of representatives, # of reps NJ has |
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Definition
25 years old
citizen for 7 years
residency in the state you're representing
term of office - 2 years
current # of reps. - 435
NJ - 15 |
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Term
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Definition
treason
bribery
high crime/misdemeanor |
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Term
| annual salery for HOR member |
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Definition
| $169,000 (may increase salary themselves, but can only benefit if reelected |
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Term
| qualifications for Senate, term of office, current # of representatives |
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Definition
30 years old
citizen for 9 years
residency in the state you're representing
term of office - 6 years
current # of reps. - 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| also Vice President of US - may only vote in Senate to break a tie |
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Term
| How is someone convicted of impeachment? What is the punishment for impeachment conviction? |
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Definition
senators act as jurors, 2/3 (67) must vote guilty
if convicted:
a. removed from office
b. excluded from offices of public trust
c. could face criminal prosecution |
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Term
| When can a Congressman be arrested for what they say in Congress? |
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Definition
| if they are urging treason, commit a felony, or if they break the peace (cause a riot) |
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Term
| Which gov't department is responsible to pay the salaries of Congressmen? |
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Definition
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Term
| May a Congressman hold a 2nd gov't office while he is a Congressman? |
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Definition
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| Which is the only gov't office that is both legislative and executive? |
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Definition
| Vice President (is also President of the Senate) |
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Term
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Definition
- bill must be approved by BOTH HOUSES in SAME LANGUAGE before being presented to President
- MUST be presented to President
- If President vetoes bill, COngress may override veto (Bill -> Law w/o signature) |
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Term
| What may the houses do a bill before it is sent to the President? |
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Definition
a. pass it
b. amend it and pass it
c. kill it
d. amend it and still kill it |
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Term
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Definition
| the vote cast in the electoral college of the US by the representatives of each state in a presidential election |
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Term
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Definition
| Presidential release from the legal penalties associated with a crime (may not pardon impeachment) |
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Term
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Definition
the order in which the office of the President is to be filled if it becomes vacent
a. Vice President
b. Speaker of the House
c. President Pro Temp
d. Dept. of State
e. Dept. of Treasury
f. Dept. of Defense |
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Term
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Definition
| an advisory body to the President; consists of the heads (secretaries) of the 13 executive departments of the federal gov't |
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Term
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Definition
| speech delivered by President to a joint session of Congress outlining the President's agenda and the general state of the nation (always in January) |
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Term
| chief executive of the US, term of office, # of terms allowed to serve, qualifications |
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Definition
President, term is 4 years, no more than 2 terms may be served
35 years old
natural born citizen
residency in US for 14 years before becoming a candidate |
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Term
| Salary of US President & other allowances |
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Definition
salary = $400,000
$50,000 to perform official duties
$100,000 for traveling expenses
$19,000 for entertainment expenses |
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Term
| What does the President promise at his inauguration? |
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Definition
| to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution |
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Term
| What is the President Commander-in-Chief of? |
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Definition
| the military (army, navy, air force), but cannot declare war |
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Term
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Definition
| Senate must approve treaties made by the President with foreign gov'ts, appointed ambassadors, Supreme Court Justices, and other officers before US gov't is bound by them - Senate must approve by 2/3 (67) |
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Term
| What happens if neither candidate in the Electoral vote receives the majority? |
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Definition
the names of the 3 candidates with the highest votes are sent to the HOR
in the HOR each state is allowed 1 vote
voting continues until one candidate receives the majority of the vote (50/2=25, 25+1=26) |
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Term
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Definition
| an area over which you have control |
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Term
| What is the highest power to judge the law? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the term for a federal judge? |
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Definition
| for life (except for death, resignation, or impeachment conviction) |
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Term
| powers of the federal courts |
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Definition
a) to review laws
b) to review treaties
c) jurisdiction over foreign officials in the US
d) jurisdiction over Maritime law
e) review Constitution |
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Term
| Where are trials for federal crimes held? What about impeachment trials? |
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Definition
| Supreme Court; the Senate |
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Term
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Definition
a. aiding the enemy
b. adhering to the enemy
c. waging war against your own country |
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| What is the punishment for treason? |
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Definition
| depends on circumstances - during war, you could face execution of a a life sentence in prison, during a time of peace you could face a fine, imprisonment, or both |
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Term
| What punishment is given to innocent members of a convicted traitor's family? |
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Definition
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| How many Supreme Court judges are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only group allowed to wage war? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which branch of gov't writes laws? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which branch of gov't appoints a Supreme Court judge? |
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Definition
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| Which branch of gov't votes to remove a Supreme Court judge for misconduct? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which branch of gov't chooses the Secretary of State? |
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Definition
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| Which branch of gov't decides not to approve of the President's choice? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which branch of gov't are bills passed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which branch of gov't vetoes bills? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| returning an alleged criminal to the state that wants them - any criminal accused of a crime who runs away may be extradited |
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Definition
| a political system in which the supreme power lies in the body of the citizens who can elect people to represent them |
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| Must states respect records, laws, and decisions of other states? |
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Definition
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Term
| What privileges may citizens of each state expect? |
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Definition
| what they would expect in their home state |
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Term
| What 3 guarantees does the federal gov't make to the states? |
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Definition
1. protection from invasion
2. protection from domestic violence
3. to have a Republic |
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Term
| 2 ways in which amendments may be proposed |
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Definition
2/3 of legislature (in both houses)
2/3 of state |
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Term
| How/when is an amendment ratified? |
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Definition
| it has 10 years to be ratified - is when 3/5 of Congress or States approve it |
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