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Male Reproductive Systems
Hamster
28
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/14/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Male Reproductive System

(functions)

Definition

-synthesizes sperm (the male gametes)

-stores the sperm

-delivers sperm to the female tract

Term
Descent of the testis
Definition

-testes descend to the scrotum where the cooler temperature permits sperm formation

-testis drags its duct, vessels, and nerves along (the spermatic cord)

 

Term
Spermatic cord
Definition

-vessels and nerves for the testis and the vas deferens are bundled together

-pass through the abdominal wall in the inguinal canal

Term
Hernia
Definition

-an organ that is out of place

 

-most commonly a loop of the small intestine descends through the weak area

Term

Testis

(structure)

Definition

-surrounded by the tunica albuginea 

-septa are extensions of the capsule that  divide and support the testis

-seminiferous tubules are coiled among the septa

Term
Spermatogenesis
Definition
-the process by which sperm (male gametes) form in the testes; involves meiosis
Term
Spermiogenesis
Definition

-the acrosome form: contains enzymes for fertilization

-the flagellum forms: allows the sperm to swim

-all excess cytoplasm and organelles are sloughed

Term

Spermiogenesis

(sperm anatomy)

Definition

-head: contains DNA and the acrosome

 

-midpiece: contains many mitochondria

 

-tail: is the flagellum

Term
Sperm production
Definition

-sperm are produced constantly- not "on demand"

 

-400 million sperm are produced each day

 

-40-100 million are released during one ejaculation

Term
Sertoli cells
Definition

-within the seminiferous tubules

-deliver nutrients to the spermatogenic cells

-spermatogenic cells nestle into the Sertoli cells as they move toward the lumen

-respond to FSH

-secrete ABP: androden binding protein

-form the blood-testis barrier

Term
Blood testis barrier
Definition
-tight junctions between Sertoli cells form the barrier between the compartments
Term
Interstitial (Leydig) Cells
Definition

-endocrine cells of the testis

-stimulated by LH from anterior pituitary gland to secrete testosterone

 

Term
Testosterone
Definition

-stimulates spermatogenesis in the adjacent seminiferous tubules

-stimulates function of the other male reproductive organs

-stimulates secondary sexual characteristics

Term

Testosterone

(secondary effects)

Definition

-facial hair

 

-increased muscle mass

 

-deeper voice

Term
Epididymis
Definition
-a single tubule coiled on the posterior surface of the testis
Term

Epididymis

(function) 

Definition

-resorbs shed cytoplasm and damaged sperm

-sperm storage

-site of sperm maturation

-site of swimming lessons

Term
Ductus (Vas) Deferens
Definition

-within the spermatic cord: vessels, nerves, and muscle

 

Term

Vas Deferens

(function)

Definition

-sperm storage

 

-contracts during sexual response

 

-cut for vasectomy

Term
Vasectomy
Definition

-"reversible" male sterilization (not guaranteed)

-Vas deferens are isolated from the spermatic cord

-a section is removed

-one or both of the open ends are cauterized(heat), tied, or clipped

Term

Accessory Glands

(list three)

Definition

-seminal vesicles

 

-prostate gland

 

-bulbourethral gland

Term

Seminal vesicles

(function)

Definition

-add secretions to the sperm during the sexual response (fructose as an energy source for sperm, substances that neutralize the acidity of the vagina)

 

-duct combines with the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct

Term

Prostate gland

(function)

 

Definition

-surrounds the proximal part of the urethra

-adds secretions to the sperm during the sexual response

-multiple ducts drain into prostatic urethra

-secretions include enzymes that liquefy the semen(decrease vacosity of semen=less thick, easier to move)

Term
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Definition
-can compress the urethra and lead to urinary difficulties
Term
Prostate cancer
Definition

-most common type of cancer in men

 

-second leading cause of cancer deaths after lung cancer

Term

Prostate cancer

(screening)

Definition

-digital rectal exam (use finger to palpate surface of prostate)

 

-measure PSA levels (prostate specific antigen)

Term

Bulbourethral gland

(function)

Definition

-embedded in the muscle of the urogenital diaphragm

 

-secrete during sexual response to flush any residual urine from the urethra (first fluid released, washes out urethra before semen is released)

Term

Male urethra

(three types)

Definition

-Prostatic urethra: surrounded by prostate gland, receives semen during the sexual response

-Membranous urethra: penetrates the urogenital diaphragm

-Penile/spongy urethra: surrounded by erectile tissue- the corpus spongiosum

Term
Penis
Definition

-contains three cylinders of erectile tissue: corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum

-these are networks of blood vessels surrounded by dense CT- the tunica albuginea

-vessels dilate during sexual response to cause erection

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