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Male Repo Histology
Anatomy Exam 8
78
Anatomy
Professional
10/22/2010

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Term
Each testis is divided into ~250 lobules by ______. Each lobule contains 1-4 _____ which become ____ at the apex of the lobule.
Definition
testicular septa
seminiferous tubules
tubuli recti
Term
Seminiferous tubules are composed of an epithelium of supportive cells (_____ cells) and _____ cells.
Definition
Sertoli
spermatogenic
Term
Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules are _____ and extend from the ____ to the ____.
Definition
columnar
basal lamina
lumen
Term
Sertoli cells are a type of _______ cell -> means that they function primarily as structural support.
Definition
sustentacular
Term
_____ create blood-testis barrier with tight junctions and prevents immune system response to sperm antigens.
Definition
Sertoli cells
Term
Sertoli cells have a ____ nucleus.
Definition
oval
Term
Sertoli Cells release late _____ and _____ cytoplasm after their release.
Definition
spermatids
phagocytize
Term
Because its main function is to nurture the developing sperm cells through the stages of spermatogenesis, the Sertoli cell has also been called the _____
Definition
nurse cell
Term
Sertoli cells also secrete some, ________, nutrients for sperm (_____), and some fluid for ______.
Definition
proteases
ketone bodies
sperm transport
Term
Sertoli Cells respond to _____ and ______ and phagocytize the shed excess _____ cytoplasm.
Definition
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
testosterone
spermatid
Term
Sertoli cells secrete ____ and ____ which inhibits the production of _____ by the pituitary gland.
Definition
androgen-binding protein
inhibin
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Term
In addition to inhibiting follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), The inhibins (A and B) also play a role in ______.
Definition
gametogenesis
Term
____ undergo development in the form of 5 different cells.
Definition
Germ cells
Term
Spermatogonia lie near the ____ of the seminiferous tubule. These cells are ____ (46 chromosomes [23 pair of chromosomes] and __ DNA).
Definition
basal lamina
diploid
4N
Term
Meiosis occurs only in ____ within the seminiferous tubules in the male. This division produces _____(23 chromosomes and __ DNA). This process takes ___-___ days in humans.
Definition
germ cells
haploid spermatozoa
1N
64-72
Term
Spermatogonia are either __ or __ types.
Definition
A or B
Term
_____ - mitotically active stem cells.
Definition
Spermatogonia
Term
____ spermatogonia give rise to spermatocytes.
Definition
B
Term
Spermatogonia are ____ stem cells.
Definition
diploid
Term
By ____, some spermatogonia remain as viable stem cells through out life. Other spermatogonia undergo developmental changes to become ______ and undergo ____.
Definition
mitosis
primary spermatocytes
meiosis
Term
Primary spermatocytes are ____ cells and are the ____ of the ____.
Definition
diploid
largest
germ cells
Term
Primary spermatocytes undergo _____ to become _____ (___loid, __ DNA).
Definition
meiosis I
secondary spermatocytes
haploid
2N
Term
Secondary spermatocytes undergo ____ to become _____ (___loid, __ DNA).
Definition
meiosis II
immature spermatids
haploid
1N
Term
Spermatids arise from division of _____, thus have ___ chromosomes and ___ DNA.
Definition
secondary spermatocytes
23
1N
Term
Spermatids are not ____, but mature into _____ in the _____ during spermatogenesis.
Definition
mitotic
spermatozoa
epididymis
Term
Spermatids mature morphologically into ____ to form ____.
Definition
spermatozoa
sperm cells
Term
Spermatids do not separate their cytoplasm from each other completely as they maintain ____ until released into the tubule lumen.
Definition
cytoplasmic bridges
Term
Maturation of spermatids requires 10-14 days for ____ to and 3-4 days for _____ within the ____.
Definition
migration
maturation
epididymis
Term
Older sperm cells are removed gradually by ____ within the ____.
Definition
phagocytes
epididymis
Term
___ million spermatozoa mature each day.
Definition
300
Term
Spermatozoa will survive about ___ hours following ejaculation in the female reproductive tract.
Definition
48
Term
the head of the Spermatozoa consists of ___ and ____ -> enzymes that penetrate the ____ of an ova
Definition
nuclear material
acrosome
zona pellucida
Term
the midpiece of a Spermatozoa is the site of ___ production to power the ___. It contains _____.
Definition
ATP
tail
mitochondria
Term
the tail of the spermatozoa is the _____ -> functions to propel itself through the female reproductive tract
Definition
flagellum
Term
___% of sperm cells being abnormal is considered “normal”.
Definition
30
Term
Many sperm cells are either morphologically, physiologically, or genetically ___.
Definition
abnormal
Term
The tissue that encloses the seminiferous tubules contains ____ and _____ which are smooth muscle cells.
Definition
connective tissue
myoid cells
Term
Interstitial cells of Leydig are found adjacent to and between ____.
Definition
seminiferous tubules
Term
Interstitial cells of Leydig secrete _____ in the presence of _____. They have abdundant ____.
Definition
testosterone
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Term
In males, where LH had also been called _______ -> it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone
Definition
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
Term
Each seminiferous tubule becomes a ___ at its apex.
Definition
tubuli recti
Term
At the junction of the tubuli recti with the seminiferous tubule only ______ are seen.
Definition
Sertoli cells
Term
Tubuli recti enter channels called ____ in the ____.
Definition
rete testis
mediastinum
Term
THe Rete Testis are lined by ____ or _____ epithelium
Definition
simple cuboidal or columnar
Term
____ arise from the rete testis.
Definition
Efferent ductules
Term
Efferent ductules have an ____ luminal surface lined by ____ epithelium. The taller cells have ____ that propel spermatozoa to the epididymis.
Definition
irregular
simple columnar
cilia
Term
The epididymis is a ___ structure that has a luminal surface lined by a ____ epithelium.
Definition
coiled
pseudostratified columnar
Term
The tall _____ cells of the epididymis epithelium have ____ that project into the lumen and the smaller ____ cells are mitotically active ____ cells.
Definition
principal
stereocilia
basal
stem
Term
_______: This is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
Definition
epididymis
Term
The epididymis terminates as a muscular tube -> the _____.
Definition
ductus (vas) deferens
Term
The lumen of the ductus (vas) deferens is lined by _____ epithelium with _____.
Definition
pseudostratified columnar
stereocilia
Term
The muscular coat of the vas deferens consists of ____ layers of _____.
Definition
three
smooth muscle
Term
_____ are coiled tubular structures that join the ampulla of the ductus deferens at the _____.
Definition
Seminal vesicles
prostate gland
Term
Glands of seminal vesicles are lined by _____ epithelium.
Definition
pseudostratified columnar
Term
These exocrine glands of the Seminal Vesicles secrete _____ as an energy source for spermatozoa.
Definition
fructose
Term
About 60% of the seminal fluid originates form the ____. This fluid is mildly _____.
Definition
seminal gland
alkaline
Term
The prostate gland lies immediately inferior to the ____.
Definition
urinary bladder
Term
This tubuloalveolar gland of the prostate drains into the ______ via excretory ducts.
Definition
prostatic urethra
Term
The lumen of the prostate gland may contain ______. The number of these bodies _____ with age especially beyond 50 years. They may undergo _____ and may appear in semen.
Definition
eosinophilic corpora amylacea (prostatic concretions)
increases
calcification
Term
Secretions of the prostate include:
proteolytic enzymes
citric acid
fibrinolysin that liquefies the semen
lipids
acid phosphatase

These are regulated by ______.
Definition
dihydrotestosterone
Term
The secretion of the ____ is the first fraction of the ejaculate.
Definition
prostate
Term
_____ is a protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland. It is present in small quantities in the serum of men with healthy prostates, but is often elevated in the presence of prostate cancer Its levels should be < ___. Anything greater signifies a problem
Definition
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
5
Term
The alveoli of the prostate gland are lined by a ____ or ____ epithelium.
Definition
simple cuboidal or columnar
Term
The _____ carries semen through the prostate to the prostatic urethra.
Definition
ejactulatory duct
Term
_____ are found within the sphincter urethrae muscle and are about the size of a pea.
Definition
Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands
Term
The bulburethral gland is a tubuloalveolar gland that secretes ____ and ____ via a 2-5 cm long duct into the bulbous portion of the ____ urethra.
Definition
galactose
sialic acid
spongy
Term
The penis consists of two corpora cavernosa and a corpus spongiosum which are enclosed by the _____.

____ encloses these three tubular structures and this fascia is covered by ____.
Definition
tunica albuginea

Buck’s fascia
thin skin
Term
The erectile tissue of the penis consists of ____ within each corpora cavernosa.
Definition
vascular sinuses
Term
The _____ arteries are found in the corpora caversnosa and are involved in the process of ____.
Definition
helicine
erection
Term
The male urethra consists of _____ regions.
Definition
three
Term
The prostatic urethra is lined by ______ epithelium and receives the ejaculatory ducts that drain the ____ and _____.
Definition
transitional
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
Term
The membranous urethra extends from the _____ to the bulb of the _____. The epithelium is ____ or _____ columnar.
Definition
prostatic urethra
corpus spongiosum
simple columnar or pseudostratified
Term
The spongy urethra consists of a ____ & ___ portion.
Definition
bulbous
penile
Term
_____ drain into the penile portion of the spongy urethra.
Definition
Glands of Littre
Term
_____ is the collection of fluid with the tunica vaginalis, spermatic cord, or scrotum.
Definition
Hydrocele
Term
_____ is the condition in which the testis does not descend into the scrotum.
Definition
Cryptorchidism
Term
_____ of the prostate arises from hypertrophy of stroma and glands, which restricts urine flow through the prostatic urethra.
Definition
Benign nodular hyperplasia
Term
_____ is the most common cancer in males. Serum markers for this cancer include prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase.
Definition
Prostatic carcinoma
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