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Tracts and Areas of Brain
Brain! Yeah!
56
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/03/2015

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Term
Role of anterolateral system (ALS)
Definition
Pain, temperature, crude touch from the periphery to the brain
Term
Role of spinothalamic tract (lateral and anterior)
Definition
Important in the localisation of painful or thermal stimuli
Term
Role of spinoreticular tract
Definition
Causes alertness and arousal in response to painful stimuli
Term
Role of spinotectal tract
Definition
Orients the eye and head towards stimuli
Term
Role of spinothalamic tract decussation point
Definition
1-2 verterbal levels above input (spinal cord)
Term
Role of medial lemniscus pathway
Definition
Discriminative tactile sensation, discriminative touch, and conscious proprioception
Term
Role of Area 4
Definition
Primary motor cortex
Term
Outputs (upper motor neurons) from area 4 (primary motor cortex) project down this pathway
Definition
Corticospinal tract
Term
Area 4 (primary motor cortex) receives projections from these areas
Definition
Cortical input from 6, somatosensory from 1,2,3
Term
Area 4 (primary motor cortex) is only active during this time
Definition
When executing movements
Term
This area of the brain contains the premotor and supplementary motor areas
Definition
Area 6
Term
Role of the premotor area (part of area 6)
Definition
Sensory guided movements, control of proximal and trunk muscles
Term
Role of caudal supplementary motor area proper (part of area 6)
Definition
Planning of motor actions, especially those guided from memory
Term
Role of rostral pre-supplementary motor area proper (part of area 6)
Definition
Acquiring new motor sequences
Term
Will lesions to area 6 affect the control of complex or simple movements?
Definition
Complex
Term
Lesions to area 4 will affect these types of movements
Definition
All conscious/planned movements
Term
Area 5 receives input from here
Definition
Somatosensory info from areas 1,2,3
Term
Area 7 receives input from here
Definition
Visual and proprioceptive information
Term
These two areas are known as the posterior parietal cortex (PPC)
Definition
Area 5 and 7
Term
Lesions to areas 5 and 7 (posterior parietal cortex) will affect these
Definition
Body image, perception of spatial relations, predicted outcomes of actions, decision making
Term
Activity of cells in this area codes the goal to be accomplished, not the muscle contractions
Definition
Premotor areas
Term
Cells in this area are involved in motor planning, especially for internally, non-sensory driven, movements
Definition
Supplementary motor areas
Term
These areas integrate sensory information to generate an internal representation of the body in relation to the extrapersonal space
Definition
Posterior parietal areas
Term
This area of the brain helps coordinate sequences of muscle contraction
Definition
Cerebellum
Term
The inferior peduncle of the cerebellum receives afferents from here
Definition
Medulla
Term
The inferior peduncle of the cerebellum projects efferents to here
Definition
Vestibular nuclei
Term
The middle peduncle of the cerebellum receives afferents from here
Definition
Pontine nuclei
Term
The superior peduncle of the cerebellum receives some afferents from here
Definition
Spinocerebellar tract
Term
The superior peduncle of the cerebellum projects efferents to here
Definition
Cerebellar nuclei
Term
The two types of afferent fibres of the cerebellar circuit
Definition
Mossy and climbing
Term
Climbing fibres (one of the two types of afferent fibres of the cerebellar circuit) are from here
Definition
The olive
Term
Mossy fibres (one of the two types of afferent fibres of the cerebellar circuit) are from here
Definition
Cerebral cortex and other sources
Term
These type of cells are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex
Definition
Purkinje fibres
Term
These are the sole output structure of the cerebellum
Definition
Deep nuclei
Term
Each Purkinje cell receives this many climbing fibre inputs
Definition
1
Term
Mossy fibres synapse onto these cells
Definition
Granule cells
Term
The axons of these cells form the parallel fibres in the cerebella circuit
Definition
Granule cells
Term
Each granule cell synapses onto this many Purkinje cells via parallel fibres
Definition
Hundreds
Term
Each Purkinje cells receives this many parallel fibre inputs
Definition
>100,000
Term
The flucculonodular lobe of the cerebellum is knows as this
Definition
Vestibulocerebellum
Term
The vermis and intermediate part of the hemisphere of the cerebellum is knows as this
Definition
Spinocerebellum
Term
The lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum is knows as this
Definition
Cerebrocerebellum
Term
The major input to the vestibulocerebellum
Definition
Vestibular system
Term
The major input to the spinocerebellum
Definition
Spinal cord
Term
The major input to the cerebrocerebellum
Definition
Cerebral cortex
Term
The role of the vestibulocerebellum
Definition
Balance, gait, eye movements
Term
The role of the spinocerebellum
Definition
Control of ongoing limb movements
Term
The role of the cerebrocerebellum
Definition
Planning, modifying, and learning movements
Term
Lesions to this area of the cerebellum would cause difficulty controlling eye position during head/body movements, difficulty maintaining balance
Definition
Vestobulocerebellum
Term
Lesions to this area of the cerebellum would cause ataxia, dysynergia (decomposition of synergistic multi-joint movements), and dysmetria (overshoot/undershoot)
Definition
Spinocerebellum
Term
Lesions to this area of the cerebellum would cause ipsilateral control of movements, variable delays in movement, altered cognitive function, and irregularities in timing movement
Definition
Cerebrocerebellum
Term
This is the only region of the cerebellum to receive somatosensory inputs from the spinal cord
Definition
Spinocerebellum
Term
Outputs from the cerebrocerebellum form motor loops and project to here
Definition
Dentate nucleus
Term
Would leasions to the cerebrocerebellum affect control of ipsilateral or contralateral movement?
Definition
Ipsilateral
Term
Does the primary motor cortex coordinate ipsilateral or contralateral movements?
Definition
Contralateral
Term
Does the cerebellum coordinate ipsilateral or contralateral movements?
Definition
Ipsilateral
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