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Major Muscles of the Human Body
Attachment Sites and Functions
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/21/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Occipital bone, spines of 7th cervical and thoracic vertebrae

INSERTION: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapule

PRIMARY FUNCTION: 

Upper: Upward rotation and elevation of scapula

Middle: Upward rotation and adduction of scapula

Lower: Depression of scapula


TRAPEZIUS

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Transverse Processes of first four Cervical Vertebrae

INSERTION: Upper Vertebral Border of scapula

FUNCTION: Elevation of scapula


Levator Scapulae

Term
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Definition

ORIGIN: Spines of 7th cervial through 5th thoracic vertebrae

INSERTION: Middle to lower vertebal border of scapula

FUNCTION: Adduction, downward rotation, and elevation of scapula


Rhomboid Major and Minor

Term
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Definition

ORIGIN: Anterior surface of ribs 3-5

INSERTION: Coracoid Process of scapula

FUNCTION: Stabilization, depression, downward rotation, and abduction of the scapula


Pectoralis Minor

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Occipital bone, spines of 7th cervical and thoracic vertebrae

INSERTION: Ventral surface of vertebral border of scapula

FUNCTION: Stabilization, abdution, and upward rotation of the scapula


Serratus Anterior (Saggital View)

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Clavical, sternum, and first six costal cartilages

INSERTION: Greater tubercule of humerus

FUNCTION: Flexion, extension, adduction, internal rotation, and horizontal adduction


Pectoralis Major

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Anterior, lateral clavicle, border of the acromion, and lower edge of spine of the scapula

INSERTION: Deltoid tubercule of humerus on mid-lateral surface

FUNCTION: 

Entire Muscle: Abduction

Anterior Fibers: flexion, internal rotation, and horizontal adduction

Posterior Fibers: external rotation and horizontal abduction

 

DELTOID


Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae and all lumbar vertebrae, crests of illium and sacrum, lower four ribs, and interor angle of scapulae

INSERTION: Medial side of intertubercular groove of humerus

FUNCTION: Extension, adduction, horizontal abduction, and internal rotation


Latissimus Dorsi

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Various Aspects of scapula

INSERTION: All insert on greater tubercle of humerus EXCEPT for the subscapularis. which inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus

FUNCTION: 

Infraspinatus and teres minor: External Rotation

Subscapularis: Internal Rotation

Supraspinatus: Abduction

All: Stability of humeral head


Rotator Cuff

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Posterior inferior lateral border of scapula, just superior to inferior angle

INSERTION: Intertubercular groove of the humerus

FUNCTION: Extension, adduction, and internal rotation



Teres Major

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Long head: Tubercle above glenoid cavity

Short head: Coracoid process of scapula

INSERTION: Radial tuberosity

FUNCTION: Flexion at elbow, supination at forearm


Biceps brachii




Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Anterior humerus

INSERTION: Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

FUNCTION: Flexion at elbow


Brachialis

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Distal 2/3 of lateral condyloid ridge of humerus

INSERTION: Styloid process of radius

FUNCTION: Flexion at elbow, supination at forearm


Brachioradialis

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Long head: lower edge of glenoid cavity of scapula

Lateral head: posterior humerus

Short head: distal 2/3 of posterior humerus

INSERTION: Olecranon process of ulna

FUNCTION: Extension at elbow, arm extension (long head)


Triceps brachii

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Epicondyle of medial humerus

INSERTION: Middle 1/3 of lateral radius

FUNCTION: Flexion at elbow and pronation of forearm

 

Pronator teres

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Distal anterior surface of ulna

INSERTION: Distal anterior surface of radius

FUNCTION: Pronation at forearm


Pronator quadratus

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Lateral, posterior epicondyle of humerus and supinator crest of ulna

INSERTION: Proximal, lateral surface of radius

FUNCTION: Supination at forearm


Supinator

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Medial epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION: Anterior base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

FUNCTION: Flexion


Flexor carpi radialis


Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Medial epicondyle of humerus, medial olecranon process, and upper posterior ulna

INSERTION: 5th metacarpal

FUNCTION: Flexion


Flexor carpi ulnaris

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION: Posterior base of 2nd metacarpal

FUNCTION: Extension


Extensor radialis longus

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and middle 1/2 of posterior ulna

INSERTION: Posterior base of 5th metacarpal

FUNCTION: Extension

 

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Medial epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION: Palmar aponeurosis

FUNCTION: Flexion


Palmaris longus

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Pubic crest

INSERTION: Cartilage of 5th through 7th ribs

FUNCTION: Flexion and lateral flexion of the trunk


Rectus abdominis

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Anterior, lateral borders of lower 8 ribs

INSERTION: Anterior half of ilium, pubic, and anterior fascia

FUNCTION: Contralteral rotation, lateral flexion, and forward flexion


External oblique

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Lumbodorsal fascia, iliac crest, and anterior fascia

INSERTION: Cartilage of last 3 to 4 ribs, linea alba, and superior ramis of pubis

FUNCTION: Ipsilateral rotation, lateral flexion, and forward flexion (both sides)


Internal Oblique

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, cartilages of last 6 ribs, and anterior fascia

INSERTION: Xiphoid process of sternum, anterior fascia, and pubis

FUNCTION: Compresses abdomen


Transverse abdominis

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Posterior iliac crest, sacrum, ribs, and vertebrae

INSERTION: Angles of ribs, transverse processes of all ribs

FUNCTION: Extension (both sides) and lateral flexion


Erector Spinae

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Posterior surface of the sacrum, articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes or the thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of C3-7

INSERTION: The spinous processes of vertebrae 1 through 4

FUNCTION: Contributes to spinal stability during trunk extension, rotation, and side bending

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Transverse processes of T12 and L1-L5; Iliac crest and fossa

INSERTION: Lesser trochanter of femur

FUNCTION: Flexion and external rotation


Iliopsoas: Iliacus and psoas major and minor

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Anterior-inferior spine of ilium and upper lift of acetabulum

INSERTION: Superior aspect of patella and patellar tendon

FUNCTION: Flexion


Rectus femoris

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Posterior 1/4 of iliac crest and sacrum

INSERTION: Gluteal line of femur and iliotibial band

FUNCTION: Extension and external rotation; Superior fibers: abduction


Gluteus maximus

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Long head: ischial tuberosity; Short head: Lower, lateral linea aspera

INSERTION: Lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula

FUNCTION: Extension, abduction, and slight external rotation


Biceps femoris

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Ischial tuberosity

INSERTION: Proximal anterior-medial aspect of tibia

FUNCTION: Extension, adduction, and slight internal rotation


Semitendinosus

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Ischial tuberosity

INSERTION: Posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle

FUNCTION: Extension, adduction, slight internal rotation



Semimembranosus

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Lateral surface of ilium

INSERTION: Greater trochanter of femur

FUNCTION: abduction; Anterior Fibers: internal rotation; Posterior Fibers: external rotation

 

Gluteus medius and minimus

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Pubic Ramus and ischial tuberosity

INSERTION: Medial aspects of femur

FUNCTION: Adduction


Adductor magnus

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Pubic Ramus and ischial tuberosity

INSERTION: Linea aspera of femur

FUNCTION: Adduction


Adductor brevis and longus

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Anterior Iliac crest and ilium just below crest

INSERTION: Illiotibial band

FUNCTION: Flexion, abduction, and internal rotation


Tensor fasciae latae

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Anterior superior iliac spine

INSERTION: Proximal anterior medial tibia just below the tuberosity

FUNCTION: Flexion and external rotation of the hip; flexion of the knee


Sartorius

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Superior pubic ramus

INSERTION: Lesser trochanter and linea aspera of femur

FUNCTION: Flexion, adduction, and external rotation


Pectineus

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Multiple origin points for six muscles on pubis ischium, sacrum, and obturator foramen

INSERTION: On and just below greater trochanter, and trochanteric fossa of femur

FUNCTION: External Rotation


Six Deep External Rotators: 
Piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Pubic symphysis and arch

INSERTION: Medial tibia just below the condyle

FUNCTION: Adduction


Gracilis

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Along the surfaces of the lateral, anterior, and medial femur

INSERTION: Patella and tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon

FUNCTION: Extension


Vastus lateralis, intermedius, and medialis

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Lateral condyle of femur

INSERTION: Proximal Tibia

FUNCTION: Knee flexion, internal rotation of the lower leg to "unlock knee"


Popliteus

Term
[image]
Definition

ORIGIN: Proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia

INSERTION: Medial aspect of 1st cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

FUNCTION:Dorsiflexion at ankle, inversion of foot


Anterior tibialis

Term
[image]
Definition

Lateral surface of head of tibia and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula

Inferior aspects of medial tarsal (1st cuneiform) and base of first metatarsal

Plantarflexion at ankle eversion at foot


Peroneus longus

Term
[image]
Definition

Distal 2/3 of lateral fibula

Base of 5th metatarsil

Plantarflexion at ankle, eversion of foot


Peroneus brevis

Term
[image]
Definition

Posterior surfaces of femoral condyles

Posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles tendon

Plantarflexion at ankle, flexion at knee


Gastrocnemius

Term
[image]
Definition

Proximal 2/3 of posterior surfaces of tibia and fibula and popliteal line

Posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles tendon

Plantarflexion at ankle


Soleus

Term
[image]
Definition

Posterior surface of lateral tibia and medial fibula

Lower medial surfaces of medial tarsals and metatarsals

Plantarflexion at ankle, inversion at foot


Posterior tibialis

Term
[image]
Definition

Anterior middle fibula

Dorsal surface of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Dorsiflexion and inversion at foot, extension of great toe


Extensor hallucis longus

Term
[image]
Definition

Lateral condyle of tibia and proximal 3/4 of fibula

Dorsal surface of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot, extension of toes 2-5


Extensor digitorum

Term
[image]
Definition

Distal 1/3 of the anterior/lateral fibula

Dorsal surface of base of 5th metatarsal

Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

 

Peroneus tertius

Term
[image]
Definition

Distal 2/3 of fibula

Plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe

Flexion of great toe, plantarflexion and inversion of foot


Flexor hallucis longus

Term
[image]
Definition

Posterior middle 1/3 of tibia

Plantar surfaces of distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Flexion of toes 2-5, plantarflexion and eversion of the foot


Flexor digitorum longus

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