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M.T.1 and Final Diseases
All of the diseases from mid term one and the final
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/22/2008

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Cards

Term
Cystic Fibrosis
Definition

-genetic disease

-Affects organs that secrete mucin, tears, sweat, digestive juices, and saliva

-abnormal chloride transport- results in thick mucus 

Term
Pneumonia
Definition
Infection of the alveoli of the lung resulting in swelling and reduced capacity for gas exchange
Term
Bronchial Asthma
Definition
hypersensitivity of conducting pathways leads to inflamation and bronchoconstriction
Term
Lung cancer
Definition

cigarette smoking

-3 types: squamos cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma

treatment: removal of diseased lung 

Term
Hiatel hernia
Definition
stomach pushes through esophageal hiatus (through the diaphram)
Term
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Definition

-abnormal relaxation of weakening of cardiac sphinchter

-gastric reflux erodes esophageal tissue 

Term
peptic ulcer
Definition

erosion of stomach or duodenal mucosa

*helicobacter pylori-most common cause of ulcer 

Term

Intestinal obstruction

 

 

Definition
-any hinderance to the movement of chyme of feces through intestine
Term
inflammatory bowel disease
Definition

-periodic inflammation of intestinal wall

-symptoms include cramping, diaheria, weight loss, intestinal bleeding 

Term
Viral Hepatitis
Definition

-inflammation of liver

-Flu like symptoms and jaundice 

Term
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Definition

-sexually active young women

-bacteria from vagina enter urethra

 

-inflamtaion of urethra (urethritis)

-bladder infection (cystitis)

-kidney infection (pyelonephritis)

 

symptoms

-dysuria (painful urination), urgency, pressure in pelvis 

Term
Cervical cancer
Definition

approximately 4000 deaths per year

-HPV infection

-pap smear= test to detect Cerv. cancer

-treatement

-cone biopsy

-hysterectomy

-development of HPV vaccine? 

Term
Menopause
Definition

normally occurs between ages 45 and 55

-cessation of ovulation and menstration

-circulation lvls of estrogen and progesterone decline

-reduction in uterine and breast size

-bone mass decline-osteoporosis 

Term

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)

 

Definition

noncancerous enlargement of the prostate

-very common 90% of men over 80

-symptoms: nocturia, polyuria, dysuria 

Term
Prostate Cancer
Definition

risk increases with age

detected by digital rectal exam or PSA test 

Term
Hermaphrodite
Definition

individual with both male and female sex charac.

true hermaphrodites have both ovarian and testicular structures and ambiguous external genetalia

 

Term
Pseudohermaphroditism
Definition
individual whose genetic sex and phenotypic sex do not match
Term
Down Syndrome
Definition

Trisomy 21

nondisjuntion

incidence increases greatly with mother's age 

Term
Ectopic pregnancy
Definition

tubal pregnancy

oocyte implants in uterine tube

-U. tube unable to expand as fetus develops

-no treatment to save baby 

Term
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Definition

one of a few preventabel birth dfects

-single binge can be a teratogen

-FAS= growth retardation, heart defects, microcephally (small brain), mental retardation 

Term
Accutane
Definition

only used as last resort for cases of extreme acne

-25% of babies born to mothers on it have birth defect, 50% are mentally disabled 

Term
Scurvy
Definition

-caused by vitamin C definciency

-normal collagen fibers cannot be formed

-weakening of gums, teeth, and internal mucosa

-prevelant amung sailors 

Term
Marfan Syndrome
Definition

-genetic disease, abnormal gene on chromosom 15

-abnormalities in fibrillin, collagen, and elasticin

-causes skeletal, cardio, and connective tissue abnor.

-tall and thin with long arms, toes, fingers

-typically die by age 50 because of heart weakness 

Term
male pattern baldness
Definition

genetic and hormonal

-genetic: 2 alleles one for uniform is recessive to dominant gene for baldness

-hormonal: testosterone causes terminal hair to be replaced by vellus hair 

Term
Steps of fracture repair
Definition

1. fracture hematoma forms

2. soft callus forms

3. hard callus forms

4. bone remodeled 

Term
osteomalacia (rickets)
Definition

-soft bones in children

-leads to bowed legs

-vitamin D deficiency

-calcium deficiency 

Term
osteoporosis
Definition

excessive bone resorption

aged and post-menopause 

Term
Herniated disk
Definition

rupture of the annulus firbrosus leading to protrusion of nucleus pulposus

-pressure on nerve and roots

-treatment: NSAIDS, steroid, PT, surgery 

Term

Polydactyly

 

 

Meromelia

 

 

Phocomelia 

Definition

-extra digits

 

 

 -Partial absence of a limb

 

 

-short poorly formed limb (fin like) 

Term
Arthritis
Definition

inflamatory disease that damages the joints

-gouty

 

Term
osteoarthritis
Definition
wear and tear, chronic
Term
rheumatoid arthritis
Definition
autoimmune disease chronic inflammatory disorder
Term
Fibromyalgia
Definition
chronic pain and extreme fatigue and depression
Term
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
Definition
autoimmune disease
Term
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS)
Definition
associated with excessive use of postural muscles
Term
muscular dystrophy
Definition

-inherited group of muscle disorders

-muscles enlarge, though muscle fibers atrophy

-most common and serious form= duchenne

-x linked recessive gene

-1 in 3500 births, mostly male

-lacks protein called dystrophin 

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