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Lymphoid Tissue Histology
N/A
140
Anatomy
Graduate
09/21/2010

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Cards

Term
The immune system is a collection of organs and tissues that __________ the human body against disease by...
Definition
protects

identifying and killing pathogens
Term
The immune system consists of _________ and _________ lymphoid organs.
Definition
primary and secondary
Term
primary lymphoid organs
Definition
bone marrow
thymus
Term
secondary lymphoid organs
Definition
lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen
groups of lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (ex: Peyer's patch)
Term
3 types of lymphoid tissue
Definition
individual lymphocytes
lymphoid tissue
lymphoid organs
Term
lymphoid tissue types
Definition
diffuse lymphoid tissue
lymphoid nodules (follicles)
Term
lymphoid organs
Definition
lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen
thymus
Term
Lymph nodules contain ___ cells, and are therefore NOT in the ___________.
Definition
B; thymus
Term
B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes are born in the ___________.
Definition
bone marrow
Term
Medullary sinuses in the bone marrow drain into the _________ ________ vein and exit via the ___________ vein.
Definition
central longitudinal; nutrient
Term
B cells become ______________ in the bone marrow.
Definition
immunocompetent
Term
immunocompetent
Definition
develops an immune response after antigenic exposure
Term
B lymphocytes are responsible for __________ immune response, which is dependent on ________ __________.
Definition
humoral; antibody formation
Term
Activated B lymphocytes become ________ _______ or __ ________ _______.
Definition
plasma cells or B memory cells
Term
The activated B lymphocytes secrete ______________ that bind to the surface of ___________ or ___________.
Definition
immunoglobulins (Ig); pathogens or viruses
Term
___ cells migrate to the cortex of the thymus to become immunocompetent.
Definition
T
Term
T cells are responsible for...
Definition
cell-mediated immune response
Term
In peripheral blood, __% of lymphocytes are T cells and __% are B cells.
Definition
80; 20
Term
There are more ___ cells than ___ cells in peripheral blood.
Definition
T cells; B cells
Term
In bone marrow, __% of lymphocytes are T cells and __% are B cells.
Definition
10; 90
Term
There are more ___ cells than ___ cells in bone marrow.
Definition
B cells; T cells
Term
In the thymus, __% of lymphocytes are T cells and __% are B cells.
Definition
100; 0
Term
Are there B cells in the thymus?
Definition
NO (only T cells)
Term
_________ lymphoid tissue is not sharply delineated and has no special organization
Definition
diffuse
Term
Where is diffuse lymphoid tissue found?
Definition
lamina propria of the GI and respiratory tracts
Term
Diffuse lymphoid tissue is composed of...
Definition
1. macrophages
2. lymphocytes and reticular cells
3. reticular stroma (reticular fibers which are type III collagen)
Term
What provides structure for lymphoid tissue?
Definition
reticular fibers
Term
Lymphoid nodules (follicles) can be in dense __________ or as individual ______ ________ _______ of cells, primarily ___ lymphocytes.
Definition
aggregations; solitary spherical masses; B lymphocytes
Term
Primary lymphoid nodules lack...
Definition
germinal centers
Term
________ lymphoid nodules consist of densely packed lymphocytes, primarily ___ lymphocytes.
Definition
primary; B
Term
B lymphocytes in a primary lymphoid nodule differentiate into _______ cells after stimulation by an _______.
Definition
plasma; antigen
Term
A ________ lymphoid nodule contains a germinal center which stains ______.
Definition
secondary; light
Term
The secondary lymphoid nodule forms in response to...
Definition
an antigenic response
Term
A secondary lymphoid nodule contains _____________ and ______________.
Definition
lymphoblasts and proliferating B cells
Term
The human body has approximately ___ lymph nodes.
Definition
600
Term
Only lymph nodes in the ____________, _________, or ___________ regions may normally be palpable in healthy people.
Definition
submandibular, axillary, inguinal
Term
Lymph nodes are found most predominately in the _____, ______, ______, and along major vessels including the ______ and ______ vessels.
Definition
neck, axilla, groin

aorta; iliac vessels
Term
Lymph nodes are ovoid or kidney-shaped and are ____________ lymphoid organs.
Definition
encapsulated
Term
Lymph flows through _________ __________ and becomes ______.
Definition
lymph nodes; filtered
Term
All lymph is filtered at least ______ prior to returning to circulation.
Definition
once
Term
_______ is the region of the lymph node where blood vessels enter and leave and the efferent lymphatic vessels exit.
Definition
hilum
Term
What surrounds lymph nodes?
Definition
capsule of dense irregular connective tissue with a subcapsular sinus found deep which receives afferent lymphatic vessels
Term
In a lymph node, _______ project from the capsule into the ______________ of the node.
Definition
trabeculae; parenchyma
Term
What holds the cells in place in a lymph node?
Definition
reticular fiber meshwork
Term
Lymph nodes have a distinct ______ and ______.
Definition
cortex and medulla
Term
Numerous lymphoid __________ are present in a lymph node.
Definition
sinuses
Term
The cortex of a lymph node has an outer dense mass of _________ cells.
Definition
lymphoid
Term
The outer cortex of a lymph node contains...
Definition
B cell-rich nodules
Term
The inner cortex of a lymph node contains...
Definition
CD4+ helper T cells
Term
In the ___________, CD4+ helper T cells interact with B cells to induce their proliferation and differentiation.
Definition
inner cortex of a lymph node
Term
The _______ of a lymph node lies central to the cortex and extends to the _______.
Definition
medulla; hilum
Term
The medulla of a lymph node is composed of...
Definition
medullary cords
reticular fibers
medullary sinuses
Term
medullary cords
Definition
branching partitions of reticular tissue from the inner cortex of a lymph node
Term
Medullary cords contain...
Definition
B cells
macrophages
plasma cells
Term
_________ B cells migrate from the cortex as ___________ cells, then enter the medullary sinuses to secrete ____.
Definition
activated; plasma; Igs
Term
The medullary sinuses transport _______ through the lymph node.
Definition
lymph
Term
The medullary sinuses are line by _____________ cells surrounded by _________ cells and ___________.
Definition
endothelial; reticular; macrophages
Term
flow of lymph
Definition
1. afferent lymphatic vessels drain into subcapsular sinuses
2. paratrabecular (cortical) sinuses extend radially from subcapsular sinuses through cortex
3. paratrabecular sinuses drain into medullary sinuses
4. medullary sinuses converge at hilum and form efferent lymphatic vessel
Term
Lymph vessels have _______ and are very similar to ________.
Definition
valves; veins
Term
Blood enters the lymph noded at the ______ via....
Definition
hilum, via 1 or 2 small arterioles
Term
The small arterioles that enter the lymph node divide into __________ branches which further ramify into a capillary network corresponding to the __________ _________ _________ and ______ _______.
Definition
medullary

cortical lymphoid nodules; deep cortex
Term
Tonsils are ______, _________, and _________.
Definition
palatine, pharyngeal, lingual
Term
The tonsils consist of encapsulated groups of lymphoid ________ that are ________ to entrance into the oropharynx of foreign bodies.
Definition
nodules; protective
Term
The two palatine tonsils are found between the...
Definition
oral cavity and oropharynx
Term
The palatine tonsil is surrounded by a _______ that is covered by a ________ __________ __________ _________.
Definition
capsule; stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
Term
The pharyngeal tonsil if found on the...
Definition
roof of the nasopharynx
Term
When the pharyngel tonsil is inflamed, it is termed _____.
Definition
adenoid
Term
The pharyngeal tonsil is covered by a __________ __________ ___________ __________.
Definition
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE)
Term
The lingual tonsil is found on...
Definition
dorsal posterior surface of tongue
Term
The lingual tonsil is covered by a _____ _________ _______ _______.
Definition
stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
Term
The lingual tonsil has numerous _____ and a single ________.
Definition
glands; crypt
Term
Each of the tonsils have numerous ___________ __________ within their _________.
Definition
lymphoid nodules; parenchyma
Term
What is the first lymphoid organ to develop?
Definition
thymus
Term
When is the thymus most active?
Definition
childhood
Term
The thymus reaches its greatest weight during _______ and subsequently begins to __________.
Definition
puberty; involute
Term
The thymus produces ___ cells from ______ _______ cells.
Definition
T; immature stem cells
Term
The thymus has only _________ lymphatic vessels.
Definition
efferent
Term
How many lobes does the thymus have?
Definition
2
Term
The lobes of the thymus are divided into many incomplete ___________ by connective tissue trabeculae from the capsule.
Definition
lobules
Term
Each lobule in the thymus is composed of a _______ and a _______.
Definition
cortex; medulla
Term
The cortex and medulla of the thymus contain primarily __ cells, but in very different proportions.
Definition
T cells
Term
What is another name for developing T cells?
Definition
thymocytes
Term
The thymus lacks...
Definition
lymphoid nodules
Term
Maturing T cells move toward the ______, enter ____ ______, and migrate to __________ ________ ________. They reside there as ______ T cells.
Definition
medulla; blood vessels; non-thymic lymphoid structures

mature
Term
The blood-thymus barrier is present only in the _____.
Definition
cortex (of the thymus)
Term
Thymic epithelial cells, joined by ____________, surround capillaries in the thymus.
Definition
desmosomes
Term
A ______ _______ lines the epithelial cells and endothelial cells of the capillaries in the thymus.
Definition
basal lamina
Term
What is another name for thymic bodies?
Definition
Hassall's bodies
Term
Where are Hassall's bodies (thymic bodies) found?
Definition
medulla of the thymus
Term
Hassall's bodies are composed of...
Definition
circularly-arranged epithelial reticular cells
Term
Thymic bodies become filled with ______ and may _______.
Definition
keratin; calcify
Term
The ____ and ______ of thymic bodies increase with age.
Definition
size; number
Term
___________ of the thymus is a normal aging process.
Definition
involution
Term
The involution process involves...
Definition
a loss of cortical T lymphocytes and epithelial reticular cells which are replaced by adipose cells
Term
________ is common in all lymphoid tissue
Definition
involution
Term
The thymus receives blood from...
Definition
branches of the internal thoracic and inferior thyroid arteries
Term
The vessels that supply the thymus enter via ___________ ______.
Definition
interlobular septa
Term
In the __________ _________, the vessels supplying the thymus give rise to small radially arranged arterioles and capillary loops to supply the cortex and the medulla.
Definition
corticomedullary junction
Term
What is the main function of the spleen?
Definition
to fight infection and control fluid balance
Term
What does the spleen also assist in?
Definition
controlling the level of blood in your body by destroying and removing old and damaged cells
Term
What is the largest lymphoid organ in the body?
Definition
spleen
Term
Where is the spleen located?
Definition
upper left quadrant of the abdomen
Term
The spleen is a complex _______ of circulating blood as it removes marticulate matter and aged and damaged ____________ from the blood.
Definition
filter; erythrocytes (RBCs)
Term
The spleen is surrounded by a _______ that sends _______ into the substance of the spleen.
Definition
capsule; trabeculae
Term
The _____ is found at the concave region of the spleen where arteries and nerves enter and veins and lymphatic vessels leave.
Definition
hilum
Term
There is no _____ or ______ in the spleen.
Definition
cortex or medulla
Term
_______ pulp consists of vascular sinuses and thin plates of cells termed the splenic cords.
Definition
red
Term
What is another name for splenic cords?
Definition
Billroth's cords
Term
________ pulp consists of tightly packed lymphocytes and lymphoid nodules.
Definition
white
Term
There are no vessels in the lymph nodules of lymph nodes--only in lymph nodules of the ______.
Definition
spleen
Term
The _______ ______ separates white pulp from red pulp in the spleen.
Definition
marginal zone
Term
The marginal zone contains...
Definition
plasma cells
T and B lymphocytes
macrophages
antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
Term
_______ in the marginal zone of the spleen surround the lymphoid nodules.
Definition
sinuses
Term
The white pulp of the spleen contains...
Definition
central artery/arteriole
periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)
corona of B cells and APCs
germinal center
Term
The red pulp of the spleen contains...
Definition
penicillar arterioles
macrophage-sheathed capillaries
splenic sinusoids
reticular cells that form stroma of splenic cords
cells of circulating blood
Term
Branches of the splenic artery enter the ___________ and become _________ arteries.
Definition
trabeculae; trabecular
Term
The trabecular arteries become...
Definition
central arteries/arterioles
Term
The central arteries become surrounded by ___ ______ that form the ________ _________ ______.
Definition
T cells; periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)
Term
splenic blood flow
Definition
blood from the marginal sinus and central arteriole flows to the penicillar arterioles which end in a capillary network surrounded by macrophages called the macrophage-sheathed capillaries
Term
The sheathed capillaries in the spleen drain into the ____ _______ or into the ___ _____.
Definition
splenic sinusoid; red pulp
Term
In closed circulation, the endothelial lining of the terminal capillaries in the spleen is continuous with the ________ ________.
Definition
sinusoid epithelium
Term
In open circulation, the capillaries terminate prior to reaching ________, thus blood flows through the ___ ____ into the _______.
Definition
sinusoids; red pulp; sinuses
Term
In the combination theory of splenic blood flow, some vessels would connect directly to the ___________, while others would terminate as open channels in the ____ ______.
Definition
sinusoids; red pulp
Term
Which theory of splenic blood flow is the accepted theory?
Definition
combination theory
Term
Splenic sinusoids have a unique ________ and _______ _______.
Definition
endothelium; basement membrane
Term
Endothelial cells of splenic sinusoids are ______ and separated by ________ ______.
Definition
elongate; slit-like spaces
Term
What disorder causes problems because of the structure of the splenic sinusoid?
Definition
sickle cell anemia
Term
Blood flows from the splenic sinusoids to ____ ______.
Definition
pulp veins
Term
Pulp veins drain into ____ _____ which ultimately form the _____ vein.
Definition
trabecular veins; splenic
Term
Which of the following lymphoid organs has a capsule: thymus, lymph node, spleen?
Definition
all of them
Term
Which of the following lymphoid organs have lymphoid nodules: thymus, lymph node, spleen?
Definition
lymph node, spleen
Term
Where are the lymphoid nodules located in the lymph node?
Definition
cortex
Term
Where are the lymphoid nodules located in the spleen?
Definition
white pulp
Term
Which of the following lymphoid organs has both afferent and efferent lymph vessels: thymus, lymph node, spleen?
Definition
lymph node
Term
The thymus and spleen have only _______ lymph vessels.
Definition
efferent
Term
Which of the following lymphoid organs have a cortex and medulla: thymus, lymph node, spleen?
Definition
thymus, lymph node
Term
What is the main product of the thymus?
Definition
T cells
thymic hormone
Term
What is the main product of the lymph node?
Definition
IgG
killer T cells
Term
What is the main product of the spleen?
Definition
IgG
Term
Which of the following lymphoid organs has an epithelial component: thymus, lymph node, spleen?
Definition
thymus (ERC, thymic bodies)
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