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Lymphatic System by Isaac Sabat
Lymphatic System #1
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/02/2009

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Term
What is the lymphatic system?
Definition
A system of lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and other lymphoid organs and tissues.
Term
What systems depend on the lymphatic system?
Definition
The cardiovascular and immune systems
Term
What are the two semi-independent components that comprise the lymphatic system?
Definition
A network of lymphatic vessels and
various lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body.
Term
What is the function of the lymphatic vessels?
Definition
Transport back blood fluids that have exited the vascular system and are interstitial fluids
Term
What is the function of the Lymphoid Tissues?
Definition
Contain phagocytic cells and lymphocytes;
Play vital roles in the body’s defense and resistance to disease.
Term
What are lymph vessels (lymphatics)?
Definition
Fluid that is forced into interstitial spaces is returned into the vascular system via lymph vessels
Term
Why are lymph vessels important?
Definition
Fluid must be returned into vascular system in order to have sufficient blood volume to serve the body; can return 3 liters a day
Term
What is edema?
Definition
- Fluid that accumulates in the tissues
- Appears as swelling
- Excessively, it impairs the ability of tissue cells to exchange gases, nutrients, wastes, etc. with the blood
Term
What do lymphatic vessels do?
Definition
* They form an elaborate drainage system that picks up excessive tissue fluid
* They form a one-way system that moves lymph towards the heart.
Term
What are lymphatic capillaries?
Definition
small lymph vessels that weave between the blood capillaries and loose connective tissues and absorb leaked fluid.
Term
Describe lymph vessels / how they work.
Definition
- Very permeable and not open ended
- Loosely overlapping walls forming flap-like one-way mini-valves
- Valves open with increased pressure from interstitial fluid--fluid into lymph vessels
- Fluid cannot travel in the opposite direction.
Term
How do lymph vessels help protect against disease?
Definition
Bacteria, viruses, and cell debris not able to enter capillaries are able to enter lymph vessels.
They are trapped in the lymph nodes as the lymph fluid is filtered through the nodes.
Term
Lymph is eventually returned into the venous system through two large ducts called ____ and _____.
Both ducts empty into _____ on the respective side
Definition
- The Right Lymphatic Duct
- The Thoracic Duct
- The Subclavian Vein
Term
What does the Right Lymphatic Duct do?
Definition
Drains the right upper extremity and right side of the head and trunk
Term
What does the Thoracic Duct do?
Definition
Drains lymph from the remainder of the body
Term
Lymph vessels are ____. Larger vessels have ____. They use a _____ with _____
Lymph is returned to circulation by _____ that assist in fluid flow and _____ during _____.
Larger vessels have _____ to contract
Definition
- thin-walled
- valves
- pumpless system
- low pressure
- skeletal muscle contractions
- thoracic pressure changes
- breathing
- smooth muscle
Term
What are the lymph nodes? What do they do and what do they produce?
Definition
Lymphoid tissue associated with the immune system that helps protect the body by removing foreign material (bacteria, etc) from the lymph fluid.
They also produce lymphocytes
Term
Where are large clusters of lymph nodes found?
Definition
The inguinal (groin), axillary(armpit), and cervical regions.
Term
What do lymph nodes contain?
Definition
Macrophages – engulf foreign substances
Lymphocytes – WBCs that respond to foreign substances.
Term
When are lymph nodes swollen?
Definition
During active infection
Swelling is a result of trapped bacteria, etc.
Term
What is the fibrous capsule?
Definition
The fibrous capsule surrounds each node
Term
What is the trabeculae?
Definition
These extend inward and divide each node into compartments
Term
What is the cortex?
Definition
This is the outer part of the node compartment.
Term
What are follicles?
Definition
These are found inside each lymph node compartment. They contain collections of lymphocytes.
Term
What is the medulla?
Definition
This is the central portion of the entire lymph node. It contains phagocytic macrophages.
Term
Fluid enters the convex side of the lymph nodes through the _______.
It continues to flow through the _____.
Then it exits from the node at the indented region or _____ via the ____
Definition
- Afferent lymphatic vessels
- Sinuses
- Hilum
- Efferent lymphatic vessels
Term
Describe the lymph flow.
Definition
Very slow through the node
Allows time for the lymphocytes and macrophages to activate.
Lymph flows through several nodes in order to cleanse fluid.
Term
What is the spleen?
Definition
Blood rich organ
Filters blood
Destroys worn-out red blood cells and returns them to the liver
Stores platelets
Hematopoietic function in fetus
Lymphocytes are produced (adults) and found in spleen to assist with the immune system
Term
What is the thymus?
Definition
Establishes immunity during youth
Produces hormone, thymosin, that program lymphocytes to carry out protective roles
(peak of function during adolescence).
Term
What is the autoimmune disease caused by the thymus?
Definition
Myasthenia gravis (MG).
Often, a thymectomy helps to control the severity of MG symptoms
Term
What are tonsils?
Definition
Small masses of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx
Trap and remove bacteria entering the throat
Term
What are Peyer's Patches?
Definition
- Tonsil-like structures in the wall of the small intestine.
- Present in large numbers
- Contain macrophages that destroy bacteria and prevent from penetrating the intestine wall.
Term
What is MALT tissue?
Definition
Mucosa Associate Lymphatic Tissue (MALT)
Protects the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from never ending attacks of foreign matter entering those cavities.
Tonsils and Peyer's Patches are made up of these.
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