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Lymphatic System
16
23
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/15/2008

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Term
What is the function of the Lymphatic System
Definition
  1. To return fluid leaked out in the intstitial spaces back to the blood stream
  2. transport dietary lipids- blood only absorbs carbs and protiens - fats go into lymph
  3. Lymphatic organs house lymphocytes
  4. Generate an immune response and increase the lymphocyte population
Term
Lymph nodes are found
Definition

Cervical region - neck

Axillary region - arms

Groinal region - legs

Everywhere that an appendage is attached

Term
Lymph vessels return....
Definition
Lymph a misxture of interstitial fluid, solutes and sometimes forign material to the blood stream
Term

Order of Lymph Vessels

Definition
  1. Capillaries
  2. Vessels
  3. Trunks
  4. Ducts
Term
What are Lacteals?
Definition
  1. Special types of lymphatic capillaries
  2. They pickup interstitial fluid, dietary lipids and lipid soluable vitamins
  3. GI Lymph is called Chyle

 

Term
What is Chyle?
Definition
GI Lymph
Term
Where are there no lymph capillaries? (3)
Definition
  1. Red bone marrow
  2. CNS
  3. Avascular tissue
Term

what is the structure of Lymphatic Vessels?

Definition
  1. Resemble small veins
  2. have 3 tunics
  3. Valves
Term
What would a blockage in the lympatic system cause?
Definition
Lymph edema
Term

 where are the lymphatic ducts?

 

What regions of the body to they drain?

Definition
  1. Right Lympatic duct - drains upper R. quadrant
  2. Thoracic - L quadrant - entire lower body
  3. Cisterna Chyli - from small intestine
Term
Name the 4 Lymphatic cells
Definition
  1. Macrophages - monocytes that have migrated from the blood stream
  2. Nurse cells - epithelial cells that secrete thymic hormone
  3. Dendrite cells - Capture antigens and present them to other lymphatic cells
  4. Lymphocytes - B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and NK cells
Term
What are the two main types of T Lymphocytes
Definition
  1. Helper - Supervisors - initiate and oversee immune response - present antigens to other cells and secrete cytokines
  2. Cytotoxic - kill by either secreting substances that break down the invading cell membrane or by triggering cell death.

 Two subsets - Memory cells

                      Suppressor cells               

Term
What do B Lympocytes do?
Definition
  1. Respond to one antigen - produce immunoglobulins - Antibodies
  2. Cannot be activated until a helper T cell presents and antigen
  3. Once activated creates plasma cells or memory B lymphocytes
Term
NK Cells
Definition
  1. Natural Killer Cells
  2. Not Specific
  3. Can respond to multiple antigens
  4. Kill a wide variety of infected cells incl. some cancer cells
    1. determins that cell is growing too fast - kills it
Term
why would the production of antibodies aid in the immune response?
Definition
  1. Antibodies bind to Antigens
  2. they immobilize, neutrilize and tag their targets
  3. This attracts the T-cells which then destroy the antibody covered cell
Term
Lymphopoiesis
Definition
  1. Process of lymphocyte development and maturation
  2. Both T and B cells orginate in the bone marrow
    1. B cells and NK cells mature in bone marrow
    2. T cells mature in theThymus
    3. Thymopoietin and thymosins - hormone that helps them mature
Term
What are the two Lympatic Structures?
Definition
  1. Lymphatic Nodules
  2. Lymphatic Organs
Term
What do Lymphatic Nodules do?
Definition
  1. Oval clusters of Lympatic cells
  2. Some Extra cellular Matrix
  3. NOT surrounded by connective tissue capsule
  4. Contain proliferating B-lymphocytes and some macrophages
  5. Filter and attach antigens
  6. MALT - Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue
  7. e.g. Tonsils
Term

What is MALT?

Where is it found? 

Definition
  1. Mucosa Associated Lymphoid tissue
  2. Lymphatic Nodules
Term
Lymphatic Organs
Definition
  1. Lymphatic cells
  2. Extra cellular matrix
  3. Completely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.
Term

Thymus

(4) 

Definition
  1. Large in infants and young children
  2. Each Lobe contains a cortex and medulla
    1. Cortex - immature T-cells
    2.              Nurse cells
    3.              Some Macrophages
  3. Medulla contains
    1. epithelial cells
    2. Mature T - Cells
Term
Lymph Nodes
Definition
  1. Outer region - T-Cells
  2. Inner germinal center
    1. Proliferating B-Cells
    2. Macrophages
  3. Function -
    1. filter antigens from lymph
    2. Initiate immune responses
Term

Spleen

(3) 

Definition
  1. Largest Lymphatic organ
  2. White Pulp
    1. Contains Lymphatic cells
    2. Intiates and immune response when antigens are found
  3. Red Pulp
    1. Functions as a blood reservoir
    2. Macrophages phagocytize bacteria and carry out hemolysis
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