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Lymphatic system
AP 2
53
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/16/2011

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Term
Functions of the lymphatic system.
Definition
1. Collect excess interstitial fluid
2. Collecting lymph
3. Transporting fats
4. Produce activated T and B cells
Term
This structure of the lymphatic system has blind ended vessels that are larger and more permeable than blood capillaries.
Definition
Lymph capillaries
Term
What is the job of the lymph capillaries?
Definition
Collect excess interstitial fluid from the tissues and deliver it to larger lymph vessels.
Term
Structure of lymph vessels.
Definition
Thin walls and more valves than veins.
Term
Function of lymph vessels (lymphatics).
Definition
Collect lymph from lymph capillaries and deliver it to either the thoracic duct or right lymphatic ducts.
Term
What are the two major lymph vessels?
Definition
Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
Term
Which is the largest lymph vessel?
Definition
Thoracic duct
Term
What is the job of the thoracic duct?
Definition
It collects lymph generated everywhere except the body's upper right quadrant.
Term
Where does the thoracic duct empty the lymph?
Definition
Into the left subclavian vein at its junction with the left jugular vein.
Term
This lymph vessel collects lymph from the body's upper right quadrant.
Definition
Right lymphatic duct
Term
Where does the right lymphatic duct empty its lymph?
Definition
Into the right subclavian vein at its junction with the right jugular vein.
Term
The lymph system is not powered by a "heart". How does it move the lymph around the body?
Definition
1. Skeletal muscle activity and pulsation of neighboring arteries.
2. One way valves
3. Negative pressure generated from inspiration pulls lymph upwards
4. New lymph pushes older lymph ahead of it.
Term
What are the 5 organs of the lymphatic system?
Definition
1. Nodules
2. Tonsils
3. Lymph nodes
4. Thymus
5. Spleen
Term
The organs of the lymphatic system are made up of what type of tissue?
Definition
Reticular C.T.
Term
The organs of the lymphatic system are basically (not all, some are diffuse tissue)a cluster of cells held together by reticular connective tissue. What type of cells are in these clusters?
Definition
Lymphocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and dendritic cells
Term
Lymph tissue that is not organized into discrete organs is also called ______.
Definition
Diffused
Term
Give some examples of locations of where lymph tissue not organized into organs could be located.
Definition
1. Peyer's patches in the intestine
2. In mucous membranes (lamina propria)
3. Stroma (supporting tissue of an organ)of almost every organ.
Term
Which is the simplest lymph organ?
Definition
Nodules
Term
This organ in the lymphatic system is unencapsulated and oval in shape. It also has a medulla and a cortex.
Definition
Nodule
Term
The medulla of the Nodule contains what?
Definition
Enlarged lymphocytes, naive B cells and plasma cells
Term
The cortex of the Nodule contains what?
Definition
T lymphocytes
Term
What cells are found between the cortex and medulla of a Nodule?
Definition
B cells, helper T cells and dendritic cells
Term
Where can nodules be found?
Definition
Mucous membranes, tonsils, Peyer's patches and in the appendix
Term
What is the structure of tonsils and what is its function?
Definition
Clusters of nodules that protect the nose and pharynx.
Term
Which organs of the lymphatic system are capsulated?
Definition
Lymph nodes, thymus and Spleen
Term
Where can lymph nodes be found? Where are they not located?
Definition
Along blood vessels and are where dendritic cells encounter naive lymphocytes.

In the CNS
Term
What is the function of lymph nodes?
Definition
They filter lymph.
Term
What is the structure of lymph nodes?
Definition
Bean shaped and the nodes are divided into lobes (trabeculae).
Term
What is found in the cortex of the lymph nodes?
Definition
T and B lymphocytes and macrophages
Term
The medulla of lymph nodes contain what and how are they arranged?
Definition
B lymphocytes, marcophages and plasma cells aligned with the strands of trabeculae.
Term
This organ is where T lymphocytes finish their development and become naive T4 and T8 cells.
Definition
Thymus
Term
Where is the thymus located?
Definition
In the lower neck and extends above the heart.
Term
The thymus has a cortex that consists of what cells?
Definition
lymphocytes
Term
The medulla of the thymus contains what cells?
Definition
epithelial cells, lymphocytes and Hassall's corpuscles
Term
What is Hassall's corpuscles?
Definition
Mass of dying epithelial cells.
Term
The thymus reaches its functional peak during childhood. When does it reach its maximum size and then shrinks.
Definition
During puberty.
Term
The thymus reaches its functional peak during childhood. When does it reach its maximum size and then shrinks.
Definition
During puberty.
Term
What is the thymus replaced with in later years of life?
Definition
Fat and other connective tissue.
Term
What happens if the thymus is missing?
Definition
SCID develops. (Severe combined immune deficiency) Like bubble boy. no immune system.
Term
What is the largest lymph organ?
Definition
Spleen
Term
This organ is encapsulated with trabeculae that is thin and easily ruptured.
Definition
Spleen.
Term
What is the spleen filled with instead of lymph?
Definition
Blood.
Term
The spleen is a reservoir of what?
Definition
Red blood cells, iron and platelets
Term
The spleen is divided into what two areas?
Definition
Red pulp and white pulp
Term
What is red pulp?
Definition
red blood cells and macrophages that are in stretched blood vessel spaces.
Term
Red pulp consists of what?
Definition
RBC, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulocytes
Term
White pulp consists of what?
Definition
lymphocytes
Term
How are lymphocytes arranged in white pulp?
Definition
In nodules around blood vessels.
Term
White pulp is responsible for what function of the spleen.
Definition
immune
Term
What is the role of macrophages in the spleen?
Definition
Destroy old RBC
Term
What is the role of macrophages in the spleen?
Definition
Destroy old RBC
Term
The spleen may be a source of what factor that is missing in hemophiliacs?
Definition
factor VIII
Term
What happens if the spleen is removed?
Definition
The liver and the bone marrow take over most of the functions
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