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Lymphatic system ch. 14
Lymphatic system ch. 14
46
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
11/11/2011

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Term
What's the point of the lymphatic system?
Definition
It transports excess fluids from tissues to return to the blood stream & defends against pathogens
Term
Lymph pathways
Definition
Fluid inside is called "lymph". Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries. Have one-way valves. Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins & have 3 tunics
Term
Trace the pathway
Definition
Large lymph vessels lead to lymph nodes. Lymphatic trunks drain lymph from vessels. Trunks merge to form collecting ducts. 1) Thoracic duct 2) Right lymphatic duct. Both ducts drain into subclavian veins and then lymph becomes part of plasma
Term
Lymph transports BLANK, BLANK, and BLANK.
Definition
Fluid back to bloodstream, fats, and foreign substances to nodes
Term
Lymph's pressure - high or low?
Definition
Low.
Term
Lymph flows constantly. True or false?
Definition
False.
Term
To return lymph to blood stream, the lymph uses the same mechanism as veins. This includes 3 things:
Definition
1) skeletal muscle contraction
2) breathing movements
3) smooth muscle contraction
Term
If there's a blockage in the lymph system, then what results?
Definition
Edema (swelling). Because there's fluid build-up within the tissue.
Term
Lymph nodes contain 2 things. hint: l and m
Definition
lymphocytes and macrophages
Term
Lymph nodules
Definition
1) Tonsils
2) Peyer's patches (nodules in the S.I.)
3) appendix has many nodules
Term
Lymph nodes locations.
Definition
Cervical region. head & neck

Axillary region. drain upper limbs, thorax and mammary glands.

Inguinal region. Drains lower limb & pelvic cavity.
Term
What are the 2 lymphatic organs?
Definition
1) spleen and 2) thymus
Term
Does the thymus continue to grow through adulthood?
Definition
No. It grows through adolescence, then atrophies and dies in older age. Result is decreased immunity with age.
Term
Spleen is located in which region of abdomen?
Definition
Upper left.
Term
Spleen has which two types of tissue
Definition
White pulp & Red pulp
Term
Spleen has venous sinuses. What occurs in them?
Definition
RBCs are phagocytized.
Term
White pulp of spleen organ contain what? Found where?
Definition
CONTAIN LYMPHOCYTES. Found in islands throughout the organ.
Term
Red pulp of spleen organ contain what? Found where?
Definition
CONTAIN RBCs, lymphocytes, & macrophages. Surrounds venuous sinuses & space around white pulp.
Term
CHARACTERISTICS OF Innate defenses against infection. 6 types?
Definition
1st line of defense. Species resistant. 1) Mechanical barriers.
2) Chemical barriers.
3) Natural killer cells.
4) Inflammation.
5) Phagocytosis.
6) Fever.
Term
Mechanical barriers include:
Definition
skin, mucus membranes, tears, saliva & urine
Term
Chemical barrier include:
Definition
gastric juices (low pH = acidic = kills pathogens), interferons (bind to uninfected cells & block virus replication), complement system (proteins that cause inflammation & attract phagocytes
Term
Natural killer cells do what?
Definition
specialized lymphocytes; secretes proteins that cause cell lysis (holes!)
Term
Inflammation = blood vessel dilation. Results in...
Definition
WBCs invading area of infection and Edema.
Term
Phagocytosis is
Definition
engulfing of foreign particles
Term
Fever's connection to iron? Why the higher temps?
Definition
iron moves to spleen and liver. to decrease it in the blood stream. so that bacteria dont get to use it for reproduction.

Phagocytes that fight infection are more active at higher temps.
Term
CHARACTERISTICS OF Adaptive defenses. aka Immunity. Which line of defense?
Definition
3rd line. 1) antigens
2) lymphocytes (T cells & B cells)
Term
Antigens do what?
Definition
allow body to recognize self cells
Term
Where do T cells mature?
Definition
Thymus. Originates in red bone marrow.
Term
Where do B cells mature?
Definition
In Red Bone Marrow. originates in red bone marrow.
Term
3 types of T Cells
Definition
1) Helper T cells
2) Cytotoxic T cells
3) Memory T cells
Term
Helper T cells
Definition
Stimulate B cells to produce specific antibodies
Term
Cytotoxic T cells
Definition
Eliminate tumor cells & cells infected with viruses
Term
Memory T cells
Definition
provide future immune protection to that specific antigen
Term
B cells involved in Humoral immunity (fluids)
Definition
Activated by T cells and when it encounters the specific antigen that fit its receptors. B cells divide causing many B cells to prepare for that antigen.
Term
Antibodies: immunoglobulins or gamma globulins
Definition
Antibodies are plasma proteins w/ 4 chains: 2 light, 2 heavy. Form a Y shape.
with Antigen binding sites..2 sites.
Term
Types of Immunoglobulins.
Definition
IgG and IgM and IgE
Term
IgG
Definition
Most common
Protects against bacteria, viruses, toxins
Activates complement system
Anti-Rh antibodies.
Term
IgM
Definition
Produced in plasma.
Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies.
Term
IgE
Definition
In exocrine secretions.
Associated with allergic responses.
Term
Activating complement system
Definition
Antibody binds to antigen, exposing reactive sites. Which activates complement proteins.
Term
Immune responses. 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Definition
1st line of defense: Activation of T and B cells
2nd line of defense: Creation of memory cells
Term
Hypersensitivities. Type I
Definition
Triggered by nonharmful antigens. Type I is an immediate rxn. and occurs within minutes, tends in ppl with more IgE. Cells release histamine, prostaglandin D, and leukotrienes (vasodilation)
Term
Hypersensitivities Type II
Definition
ex. transfusion rxn. antigen binds to a specific cell. & stimulates phagocytosis and complement system.
Term
Hypersensitivities Type III
Definition
Phagocytosis and lysis cannot clear the antigen!
autoimmunity - inability to tolerate self-antigens.
Term
Hypersensitivities Type IV
Definition
Delayed allergic rxn. Repeated exposure of skin to chemicals.
Causes dermatitis.
takes 48 hours for rxn to occur.
Term
Opsonization
Definition
coat the antigens with antibodies
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