Term
| What's the point of the lymphatic system? |
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Definition
| It transports excess fluids from tissues to return to the blood stream & defends against pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid inside is called "lymph". Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries. Have one-way valves. Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins & have 3 tunics |
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Term
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Definition
| Large lymph vessels lead to lymph nodes. Lymphatic trunks drain lymph from vessels. Trunks merge to form collecting ducts. 1) Thoracic duct 2) Right lymphatic duct. Both ducts drain into subclavian veins and then lymph becomes part of plasma |
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Term
| Lymph transports BLANK, BLANK, and BLANK. |
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Definition
| Fluid back to bloodstream, fats, and foreign substances to nodes |
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Term
| Lymph's pressure - high or low? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymph flows constantly. True or false? |
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Definition
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Term
| To return lymph to blood stream, the lymph uses the same mechanism as veins. This includes 3 things: |
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Definition
1) skeletal muscle contraction
2) breathing movements
3) smooth muscle contraction |
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Term
| If there's a blockage in the lymph system, then what results? |
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Definition
| Edema (swelling). Because there's fluid build-up within the tissue. |
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Term
| Lymph nodes contain 2 things. hint: l and m |
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Definition
| lymphocytes and macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
1) Tonsils
2) Peyer's patches (nodules in the S.I.)
3) appendix has many nodules |
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Term
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Definition
Cervical region. head & neck
Axillary region. drain upper limbs, thorax and mammary glands.
Inguinal region. Drains lower limb & pelvic cavity. |
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Term
| What are the 2 lymphatic organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the thymus continue to grow through adulthood? |
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Definition
| No. It grows through adolescence, then atrophies and dies in older age. Result is decreased immunity with age. |
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Term
| Spleen is located in which region of abdomen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Spleen has which two types of tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Spleen has venous sinuses. What occurs in them? |
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Definition
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Term
| White pulp of spleen organ contain what? Found where? |
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Definition
| CONTAIN LYMPHOCYTES. Found in islands throughout the organ. |
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Term
| Red pulp of spleen organ contain what? Found where? |
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Definition
| CONTAIN RBCs, lymphocytes, & macrophages. Surrounds venuous sinuses & space around white pulp. |
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Term
| CHARACTERISTICS OF Innate defenses against infection. 6 types? |
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Definition
1st line of defense. Species resistant. 1) Mechanical barriers.
2) Chemical barriers.
3) Natural killer cells.
4) Inflammation.
5) Phagocytosis.
6) Fever. |
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Term
| Mechanical barriers include: |
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Definition
| skin, mucus membranes, tears, saliva & urine |
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Term
| Chemical barrier include: |
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Definition
| gastric juices (low pH = acidic = kills pathogens), interferons (bind to uninfected cells & block virus replication), complement system (proteins that cause inflammation & attract phagocytes |
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Term
| Natural killer cells do what? |
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Definition
| specialized lymphocytes; secretes proteins that cause cell lysis (holes!) |
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Term
| Inflammation = blood vessel dilation. Results in... |
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Definition
| WBCs invading area of infection and Edema. |
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Term
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Definition
| engulfing of foreign particles |
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Term
| Fever's connection to iron? Why the higher temps? |
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Definition
iron moves to spleen and liver. to decrease it in the blood stream. so that bacteria dont get to use it for reproduction.
Phagocytes that fight infection are more active at higher temps. |
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Term
| CHARACTERISTICS OF Adaptive defenses. aka Immunity. Which line of defense? |
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Definition
3rd line. 1) antigens
2) lymphocytes (T cells & B cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| allow body to recognize self cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Thymus. Originates in red bone marrow. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Red Bone Marrow. originates in red bone marrow. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Helper T cells
2) Cytotoxic T cells
3) Memory T cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulate B cells to produce specific antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| Eliminate tumor cells & cells infected with viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| provide future immune protection to that specific antigen |
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Term
| B cells involved in Humoral immunity (fluids) |
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Definition
| Activated by T cells and when it encounters the specific antigen that fit its receptors. B cells divide causing many B cells to prepare for that antigen. |
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Term
| Antibodies: immunoglobulins or gamma globulins |
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Definition
Antibodies are plasma proteins w/ 4 chains: 2 light, 2 heavy. Form a Y shape.
with Antigen binding sites..2 sites. |
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Term
| Types of Immunoglobulins. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Most common
Protects against bacteria, viruses, toxins
Activates complement system
Anti-Rh antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
Produced in plasma.
Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
In exocrine secretions.
Associated with allergic responses. |
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Term
| Activating complement system |
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Definition
| Antibody binds to antigen, exposing reactive sites. Which activates complement proteins. |
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Term
| Immune responses. 1st, 2nd, 3rd |
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Definition
1st line of defense: Activation of T and B cells
2nd line of defense: Creation of memory cells |
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Term
| Hypersensitivities. Type I |
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Definition
| Triggered by nonharmful antigens. Type I is an immediate rxn. and occurs within minutes, tends in ppl with more IgE. Cells release histamine, prostaglandin D, and leukotrienes (vasodilation) |
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Term
| Hypersensitivities Type II |
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Definition
| ex. transfusion rxn. antigen binds to a specific cell. & stimulates phagocytosis and complement system. |
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Term
| Hypersensitivities Type III |
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Definition
Phagocytosis and lysis cannot clear the antigen!
autoimmunity - inability to tolerate self-antigens. |
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Term
| Hypersensitivities Type IV |
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Definition
Delayed allergic rxn. Repeated exposure of skin to chemicals.
Causes dermatitis.
takes 48 hours for rxn to occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| coat the antigens with antibodies |
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