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Lymphatic system and Immunity notes
defense and immunity in the body
54
Anatomy
10th Grade
05/12/2011

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Term
Lymphatic system includes (7)
Definition
Lyph, lymphocytes, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen and thymus
Term
Funtions (3 major)
Definition
Fluid balance, fat abosorption, & Defense
Term
The lymphatic system defends against....
Definition
microorganisms
Term
What is fluid balace?
Definition
about 30 L of fluid pass from capillaries into interstitial space each day, 27 L pass back into capillaries. The extra 3 L pass into lymphatic capillaries
Term
lymph is...
Definition
fluid with blood plasma
Term
blood plasma is...
Definition
the liquid part of the blood
Term
Lymphatic capillaries and vessels move in how many directions?
Definition

one direction

From tissues to circulatory system.

Term
Lymphatic capillaries carry excess fluid to what?
Definition
Larger lymphatic vessels
Term
Larger lymphatic vessels drain into ____ or _____
Definition
right lymphatic duct or the thorassic duct
Term
the right lymphatic duct and the thorassic duct drain into.............
Definition
one of the subclavian veins
Term
Fat absorption happends where?
Definition
small intestine
Term
The small intestine has special lymphatic vessels called?
Definition
lacteals
Term
Fat enters lacteals and passes into what?
Definition
into circulation
Term
Lymphatic organs are???
Definition
tonsils, lymphnodes, spleen, and thymus
Term
Tonsils, lymphnodes, spleen and thymus contain what (2)?
Definition
reticular fibers & lymphocytes
Term
What do reticular fibers do?
Definition
trap microorganisms
Term
Lymphatic organs contain  lymphocytes which originate from???
Definition
red bone marrow
Term
lymphatic organs contain lymphocytes that do what when exposed to microorganisms?
Definition
they increase in number
Term
Defense: Microorganisms and foreign substances are filtered from the blood by what?
Definition
 the spleen and from lymph by lymph nodes
Term
What do the tonsils form a protective ring of lymphatic tissus around?
Definition
the opening between nasal and oral cavities
Term
Lymph nodes are distributed along what?
Definition
lymphatic vessels
Term
What do lymph nodes do?
Definition
Filters lymph BEFORE the fluid enters the blood
Term
Where are some major clusters of lymphnodes (3)?
Definition

Neck

Armpits

&

Groin

Term
What is the function of the spleen?
Definition
it filters the blood
Term
what is the thymus?
Definition
 an organ of the immune system, located at the base of the neck that is involved in making of cells of the lymphatic system, especially T cells
Term
What does the thymus do?
Definition
It produces and matures lymphocytes
Term
a Lymphocyte is...
Definition

a lymph cell

 

(remember: lymph is fluid with white blood cells)

Term
Immunity
Definition
the ability to resist damage from foreign substances
Term
what are the two types of immunity?
Definition
Adaptive immunity & Innate immunity
Term
Adaptive immunity is how
Definition
the body learns overtime after being exposed again and again
Term
the body's adaptive immunity improves.....
Definition
everytime you are exposed to something
Term
Specificity
Definition
the body's ability to recognize a substance
Term
when it comes to adaptive immunity memory is...
Definition
the body's ability to remember a substance
Term
the body's immunity is achieved by three ways....
Definition

1) Mechanical mechanisms

2) Chemical mediators

3) Cells

Term
There are two main mechanical mechanisms in innate immunity ...
Definition

Barriers

&

Fluids

Term
Examples of barriers are...
Definition
skin and mucus membranes
Term

Fluids are another mechanical mechanism in innate immunity

examples include....

Definition
Tears, and saliva
Term
What does hystomene do?
Definition
It produces inflamation
Term
Chemical mediators like hystomene promote...
Definition
inflamation
Term
Besides inflammation chemical mediators are...
Definition
chemicals on the surface of cells
Term
the last chemical mediator thats not promoting inflamation or chemicals on the surface of cells is...
Definition
lysozyme
Term
what does lysozyme do?
Definition
it kills bacteria
Term
What are interferons?
Definition
chemicals produced by one cell during a viral attack
Term
What do interferons do?
Definition
They bind to the surface of nearby cells
Term
When interferons bind to the surface of nearby cells they do what?
Definition
stimulate those cells to make virus fighting proteins
Term
Cells the last of the three parts of innate immunity do what?
Definition
release chemicals from damaged dcells and microorganisms attract blood cells
Term
What chemicals are released from damaged cells?
Definition
complement, leukotrienes & histamine
Term
Damaged cells release chemicals and microorganisms attract white blood cells < this movement is called
Definition
chemotaxis
Term
Phagocytosis means...
Definition
"eating cells" cell that engulf and destroy bacteria
Term
two types cells are
Definition
Neutrophils & Macrophages
Term
Neutrophils
Definition
very common, white blood cells that destroy bacteria
Term
Macrophages
Definition
also destroy bacteria but these cells are huge and the body's first defense
Term
Cell of inflammation are
Definition

Basophils and mastcells,

&

Eosinophilis

Term
Basophils, mast cells and eosinophils are white blood cells .........
Definition
secondary effects which include inflamation and the release of histomene
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