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Lymphatic System and Immunity
Swail
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/05/2012

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Cards

Term
What are the 4 major types of T cells?
Definition
Cytotoxic T cells (Tc), Helper T cells (Th), Suppressor T cells (Ts) and Memory T cells
Term
Which T cells attacks foreign cells?
Definition
Cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
Term
Which T cell activates T cells and B cells?
Definition
Helper T cells (Th)
Term
Which T cell inhibits T and B cells?
Definition
Suppressor T cells (Ts)
Term
Which T cells respond to antigens they ahve already encoutnered?  What specifically do they do?
Definition
Memory T cells; they clone more lymphocytes
Term
How are antigens displayed?
Definition
Anitgens are displayed by MHC proteins on the cell membrane
Term
What is MHC and what does it do (2)?
Definition
MHC is Major Histocompatibility Complex and it is important in tissue transplant rejection and may play a role in mate selection
Term
If a T-cell is sensitive to the antigen what happens?
Definition
(T-cells sensitive to the antigen are) activated upon contact
Term
What are the two classes of MHC?
Definition
Class I and Class II
Term
Where are Class I (MHC) found?
Definition
Class I are found on all nucleated cells
Term
What do Class I (MHC) do?
Definition
Display antigens found inside the cell (E.g., viral proteins)
Term
Where are Class II (MHC) found?
Definition
Class II is found on antigen presenting cells and lymphocytes
Term
What do Class II (MHC) do?
Definition
Display antigens brought into the cell by phagocytosis or endocytosis
Term
What responds to antigesn bound to MHC?
Definition
Lymphocytes respond to antigens bound to MHC
Term
What is the T-cell programmed to respond to?
Definition
The T-cell is programed to respond to specific MCH protiens
Term
Do all T-cells recognize Class I/II?
Definition
No, some T-cells recognize antigens bound to Class I MCH proteins and others to class II MCH proteins
Term
_______ recognition by the T-cell is ______.
Definition
Antigen; specific
Term
When is costimulation needed?
Definition
Costimulation is needed before the T-cells are activated
Term
Pertaining to costimulation, binding at a second site prevents what from happening?
Definition
binding at a second site prevents mistakenly attacking a normal cell
Term
What destorys abnormal cells?
Definition
Cytotoxic T-cells
Term
Give two examples of Cytotoxic T-cells
Definition
Lymphotoxin and perforin
Term
What cell functions during a second exposure to an antigen?
Definition
Memory Tc cell
Term
If re-infected, will the response be faster or slower? Why?
Definition
It will be faster due to the memory Tc cells
Term
What cell inhibits the immune response?
Definition
Suppressor T cells
Term
After an initial response, how will the effects of the suppressor T cells appear?
Definition
slowly
Term
What does activated helper T cells secrete? What is the function of this secreation?
Definition
Secretes lymphokines taht coordinate specific and nonspecific defenses
Term
What do helper T cells stimulate?
Definition
Th cells stimuate NK cells
Term
What cell promotes the activation of B cells?
Definition
Helper T cells
Term
What is another name for antibody-mediated immunity (paired with B cells)?
Definition
Humoral Immunity
Term
What do B cell do?
Definition
B cells lauch a chemical attack that produces antibodies
Term
Pertaining to B cells, what is sensitization?
Definition
Sensitization is when the antigen binds to a superficial antibody on a B cell membrane
Term
When sensitization happens, how are antigens displayed?
Definition
antigens are displayed on B cell as Class II MHC
Term
When Th cells are activated by the same antigen, what is stimulated?
Definition
Tc cells activated by same antigen stimulate B cells
Term
What do active B cells differentiate into?
Definition
Memory B cells or plasma cells
Term
What is the purpose of plasma cells?
Definition
Plasma cells synthesize and release anitbodies
Term
Where do memory cells remain? Why?
Definition
Memory cells remain in reserve for subsequent exposure
Term
What are the 4 characteristics to the shaped of an antibody?
Definition
Y-shpaed proteins, 2 heavy polypeptide chains and 2 light chains, the constant region and the variable region
Term
Which region is the antigen binding site?
Definition
The variable region
Term
Which region binds to body cells or the complement?
Definition
The constant region
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