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Lungs
Breathing
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/24/2011

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Cards

Term
Coastal Surface
Definition
pressed against the rib cage
Term
Mediastinal Surface
Definition
faces medially
Term
Hilum
Definition
slit through which the lung receives the root of the lung
Term
Root
Definition
main bronchus, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
Term
Cardiac Impression
Definition
where the heart presses against the left lung
Term
Horizontal Fissure
Definition
deep groove that separates the superior and middle lobe of the right lung
Term
Oblique Fissure
Definition
Separates the middle and the inferior of both lungs
Term
Bronchial Tree
Definition
branching system of the air tubes that extends from the bronchus to the bronchioles
Term
Right Main Bronchus
Definition
wider and more vertical; more often aspirated; gives off superior, middle, and inferior lobar (secondary) bronchi
Term
Left Main Bronchus
Definition
slightly narrower and more horizontal; gives off superior and inferior lobar bronchi
Term
Muscularis Muscosae
Definition
well-developed layer of smooth muscle which contracts or relaxes to constrict or dilate the airway
Term
Pulmonary Lobule
Definition
portion of the lung ventilated by one bronchial
Term
Terminal Bronchioles
Definition
the final branch of the conducting division; no goblet cells have cilia
Term
Respiratory Bronchioles
Definition
given off by terminal bronchioles; have alveoli budding off their walls
Term
Alveolar Ducts
Definition
division of respiratory bronchioles; have alveoli along their walls
Term
Alveolar Sacs
Definition
ending ove alveolar ducts; grape like clusters of alveoli arrayed around a central space
Term
Atrium
Definition
the central space in which alveoli gather
Term
Trachea
Definition
Also known as the windpipe, it is a tube about 10-12.5 cm long (4-5 inches) and about 2.5 cm wide (1 inch). It extends from the lower edge of the larynx downward into the thoracic cavity, where it splits into right and left bronchi. Rings of cartilage keep the airway open.

Functions of the trachea:
to conduct air to and from the lungs;
to filter air;
to trap particles in mucus.
Term
Bronchi
Definition
are formed as the lower part of the trachea divides into two tubes. The primary portion enters the lungs at a region called the hilus. The primary branch forms a secondary branch, which then branches into smaller tertiary bronchi.
Term
Left Bronchus
Definition
is narrow and positioned more horizontally than the right bronchus.
Term
The right Bronchus
Definition
is shorter and wider than the left and extends downward in a more vertical direction.
Term
Bronchioles
Definition
are smaller tube divisions of the bronchi. Its walls contain smooth muscle and no cartilage. This allows contraction and relaxation, thereby regulating air flow to the alveoli.
Term
Alveoli
Definition
These tiny air sacs function to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. Certain respiratory diseases cause a thickening of the alveoli walls, which restricts movement, causing breathing difficulties.
Term
Segmentation Prosses
Definition
the two lungs are separated from each other, then the hilar vessels are included, followed by an erosion or dilation of the volume, depending on the needs of the application.
Term
Pleurisy
Definition
inflammation of pleura=pain
Term
Pleuritis
Definition
dry pleural surfaces=pain
Term
Pneumathorax
Definition
Air in pleural cavity
Term
Hemothorax
Definition
Blood in pleural cavity resulting in lung collapse
Term
Hydrothorax
Definition
fluid in pleural cavity resulting in lunc collapse
Term
Pleura
Definition
surrounds the lungs
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