Term
|
Definition
green- visceral pleura
red- parietal pleura |
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Term
| are the visceral and prietal pleurea continuous? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| does the visceral pleura have sensory innervation? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| does the parietal pleura pave sensory inervation? |
|
Definition
yes to pain/ temp/ touch.
next to intercostal nerves and phrenic |
|
|
Term
| what is pleuritis or pleuisy? |
|
Definition
| inflamation of the pleaura, causes adhesion between the visceral and parietal pleura and pain associated with acitivity |
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Term
| what is the pleural cavity? |
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Definition
| the potential space between the visceral and pareital pleura |
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Term
| is the right pleual cavity connected to the left? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is normally in the pleural cavity? |
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Definition
| a thin layer of serous fluid which acts as a lubricant and facilitates movement during respiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of air in pleural cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of blood in pleural cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| costodiaphramatic recess- inferolateral recess within the pleural cavity |
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Term
| does the costodiaphragmatic recess increase or decrease in size with expiration? |
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Definition
| recess enlarges- diapram moves down and there is more space/recess below the lungs |
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|
Term
| what is the procedure to remove excess fluid from the plueral cavity? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where would you stick the needle for thoracocentesis? |
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Definition
| in the 7th to 9th intercostal space |
|
|
Term
| what happens if the thoracic wall is breached? (knife/ bullet/ wound) |
|
Definition
| the lungs will shrink to 1/3 the size due to a loss of elasticity, and example of pneumothorax |
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Term
| what is the root of the lung |
|
Definition
| collection of structures entering and exiting the lung |
|
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Term
| where is the apex of the lung? |
|
Definition
| superior portion, externing into the neck |
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|
Term
| where is the base of the lung? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how many lobes int he right lung? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how many lobes in the left lung? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| names of the lobes in the right lung |
|
Definition
| superior lobe, middle lobe and inferior lobe |
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|
Term
| names of lobes in left lung |
|
Definition
| superior lobe and inferior lobe |
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Term
|
Definition
cleste- horizontal fissure
pink- oblique fissures
green- cardiac notch |
|
|
Term
| where does the trachea bifurcate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is trachre relative to the larynx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where can you palpate the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ridge of cartelidge that bifurcates the traches |
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|
Term
| are the right and left main bronchi inside or outside the lungs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| is an aspirated forigne object more likely to enter the left or right bronchi? |
|
Definition
| right because it is wider sharter and more veritcal than the left |
|
|
Term
| describe the branching pattern of the bronchi including number of branches and name of branches |
|
Definition
main bronchi-2
lobar bronchi- 3 in right 2 in left- named after lobe it supplies
segmental bronchi- to each segment |
|
|
Term
| are the lobar bronci inside or outside the lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a bronchopulmonary segment |
|
Definition
area of lung supplied by a segmental bronchi and a segmental branch of the pulmonary artery.
Functionaly independent
Seperated from other segemnts by a septa, can be removed |
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|
Term
| are pulomnary arteries intersegmetnal? |
|
Definition
| no- one pulmonary artery branch per segment of lung |
|
|
Term
| are pulmonary veins intersegmental? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many segments per lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs |
|
Definition
right ventricle
pulmonary trunk
right/left pulmonary artery
lobar arter
segmental artery |
|
|
Term
| describe the rout of blood from lungs to left artrium |
|
Definition
lungs
2 pulmonary veins in each lung
left artium
(intersegmental) |
|
|
Term
| what type of artery brings blood to the lung tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between broncial and pulmonary arteries |
|
Definition
broncial bring oxygen rich blood to the lung tissue
pulmonary arteries bring oxygen poor blood to lung segments to be oxygenated |
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|
Term
| where do the broncial arteries branch from? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the bronchial veins go/. |
|
Definition
| drain to azygos system or intercostal veins |
|
|
Term
| what innervates all organs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of autonomic nervs result in bronchoconstriciton? |
|
Definition
| parasympathetic- vagus nerve |
|
|
Term
| what kind of autonomic nerves result in bronchodialation? |
|
Definition
| sympathetic- splanchnic nerves |
|
|
Term
| map the rout of the para sympathetic innervation of the lung |
|
Definition
preganglionic cell body in brain
preganglionic fibers are vagus nerve
posganglionic cell body in wall of lung
post ganglionic fiber in wall of lung as well |
|
|
Term
| map route of sympathetic innervation of lung |
|
Definition
preganglionic cell body in lateral horn of thorcaic spinal cord
preganglionic fibers ventral root-> sinal nerve-> ventral ramus->white ramus comunicans-> sympathtic trunk
Postganglionic cell bodies in thorcic para vertebral ganglia
post ganglionic fibers travel frompara vertebral ganglia to lungs |
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|
Term
| what seperates the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of muscle is in the diaphram? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the shape of the diaphragm |
|
Definition
there is a C shaped central tendon,
2 dome, witht he right one higher
heart is connected to the central tendon
attached to : xiphoid process ribs 11-12, lumbar vertebra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attachemtns of diaphragm to the lumbar vetebra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
celeste- caval IVC opening T8
yellow-Esophageal hiatus also inc vagus nerve- T10
purple- aortic hiatus, also inc thoarcic duct and azygos vein- T12 |
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|
Term
| what is the sensory innervation of the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
| mainly phrenic nerve, but some intercostal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what is responsibel for the motor innervation of the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
| phrenic nerves from ventral rami C345 |
|
|
Term
| do the left and right phrenic nerves work independently on the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the primary muscle of inspiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe how the diaphragm works |
|
Definition
| when diaphargm contracts domes descend and creates vertical dimension of throcic cavity, diaphragm ralexes durring expiration |
|
|
Term
| what happens if you have a lesion on a phrenic nerve? |
|
Definition
| it will paralyze the coresopnding dome of the diaphragm, that dome will not descend durring inspiration, and you can see this in a X ray |
|
|
Term
| describe the realtionship between thoracic pressure and inspiration/expiration |
|
Definition
- if thoracic pressure is less than atmospheric pressure than you will draw air in
- if thoracic pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure you will exhale
|
|
|
Term
| describe 3 ways to increase thoracic volume |
|
Definition
- lower diaphragm
- elevating ribs- expand cavity lateraly- bucket handle mechanism
- elevating ribs- expaning cavity anteriorposteiorly- pump handle mechanism
|
|
|
Term
| what muscle can be recruited for forceful expiration |
|
Definition
| the pectoral muscles, if the arms are held stationary |
|
|
Term
| what muscles can be recruited for forecful expiration? |
|
Definition
| abdominal muscles, compress abdominal viscera upward, decresing thoracic volume |
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