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Lumbar Spine
Functional Anatomy and Arthrokinematics of Lumbar Spine
96
Anatomy
Graduate
10/27/2014

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Term
Three joints of the lumbar spine
Definition
joint between the 2 vertebral discs and the IVD, articulation with vertebra above, articulation with vertebra below
Term
Which is larger in size L1 or L5
Definition
L5
Term
the superior facets of the lumbar vertebra face how
Definition
postermedial
Term
the inferior facets of the lumbar vertebra faceh ow
Definition
anterolateral
Term
the mammillary processes of the lumbar spine are for what
Definition
multifidus
Term
how many ligaments does the lumbar spine have?
Definition
5
Term
what is the function of the ligaments of the lumbar spine?
Definition
function to provide support and afferent input to the CNS
Term
5 ligaments of lumbar spine
Definition
post/ant longitudinal ligaments, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligaments, supraspinous ligaments, iliolumbar ligaments
Term
Which is thicker ALL or PLL?
Definition
ALL
Term
features of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Definition
thicker, checks hyperextension, supports anterior disc
Term
features of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Definition
thinner, taught in flexion, attached to posterior annulus, highly innervated with pain sensitive fibers
Term
what are the interspinous/supraspinous ligaments
Definition
flaval, inter & supraspinous ligament
Term
what connects the lamina of the lumbar spina
Definition
flaval ligament
Term
features of teh flaval ligament (2)
Definition
highly elastic, has attachment to facet capsule
Term
the flaval ligament may thicken causing what
Definition
narrowing of the spinal canal
Term
narrowing of the spinal canal
Definition
stenosis
Term
the inter and supraspinous ligaments limit what motions
Definition
side bending and rotation
Term
of the ligaments of the lumbar spine, which is most likely to be sprained
Definition
inelastic inter and supraspinous ligaments
Term
role of the iliolumbar ligaments
Definition
stabilizes lumbar spine on sacrum
Term
which ligament primarily resists lateral bending and anterior shear of L5 on the Sacrum
Definition
iliolumbar ligaments
Term
What are the 3 components of the iliolumbar ligament?
Definition
superior, inferior, sacral
Term
in the lumbar spine, this exists as a network of noncontractile tissue
Definition
thoracolumbar fascia
Term
the thoracolumbar fascia has what layers?
Definition
posterior, middle, anterior
Term
the thoracolumbar fascia attaches to where
Definition
directly to lumbar vertebrae and pelvis
Term
tension development within the thoracolumbar fascia creates a significant what on the lumbar region
Definition
stabilizing effect
Term
what are the two muscle systems of the spine
Definition
global, local
Term
muscles of the global system of the spine (5)
Definition
rectus abdominis, internal/external obliques, lateral fibers of quadratus lumborus, lumbar iliocostalis (thoracic vertebra)
Term
role of the muscles of the global system of the spine (3)
Definition
eccentrically decelerate spine, control rotation of spine as a whole, stabilization of spine as a whole
Term
muscles of the local system of the spine (7)
Definition
iliocostalis and longismus thoracic (lumbar vertebra), medial fibers of quadratus lumborum, diaphragm, lumbar multifidus, transversus abdominis, posterior fibers of internal oblique
Term
role of the muscles of the local system
Definition
segmental stabilization
Term
the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine are innervated by what
Definition
medial branches of the dorsal rami
Term
outerhalf of the IVD of the lumbar spine is innervated by what
Definition
sinuvertebral nerve and the grey rami communicantes
Term
posterior lateral aspect of the lumbar IVD is innervated by what
Definition
sinuvertebral nerve and the gray rami communicantes
Term
lateral apsect of the IVD of the lumbar spine is innervated by what
Definition
sympathetic innervation
Term
primary function of the zygapophyseal joint of the lumbar spine
Definition
protect the motino segment from anterior shear forces, excessive rotation, and flexion
Term
the articular surfaces of the lumbar spine are covered by what
Definition
articular cartilage
Term
the superior facet of the lumbar spine is what shape
Definition
convex
Term
the inferior facet of the lumbar spine is what shape
Definition
concave
Term
L1-L4 take what orientation
Definition
sagittal
Term
the saggital orientation of L1-L4 allows what motion
Definition
flexion/extension
Term
L5-S1 orientation
Definition
more frontal plane orientation
Term
L5-s1 sagittal orientation resists what kind of motion
Definition
shear
Term
fatty synovial mass located within joint
Definition
meniscoid
Term
the cartilage end plates are continuous with what
Definition
annulus fibrosis
Term
the cartilage end plate sits within what
Definition
ring apophysis of vertebral body
Term
cartilage end plates are composed of what
Definition
proteoglycans, collagen, water, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage
Term
cartilage end plate functions for what
Definition
provide passive diffusion of nutrients
Term
cartilage end plate is mostly what
Definition
70-88% water
Term
annulus fibrosus is concentric layers of lamellae composed of what
Definition
type II collagen and fibrocartilage
Term
annulus fibrosus is mostly
Definition
65% water
Term
the outer 1/3 of the annulus fibrosus is innervated by...
Definition
sinuvertebral nerve
Term
annulus fibrosus function
Definition
sustain compressive torsional, shearing, and distraction loads
Term
nucleus pulposus is mostly made up ofwhat
Definition
70-90% water
Term
nucelus pulposus is made up of what
Definition
water, proteoglycans with a minimal amount of collagen (Type I)
Term
the nucleus pulpsous is _______ and _______
Definition
avascular, aneural
Term
the nucleus pulposus makes up how much of the height of the vertebral column
Definition
20-33%
Term
nucelus pulposus function
Definition
sustain compressive, torsional, shearing, and distraction loads
Term
disc function (3)
Definition
shock absorption through load distribution, 80% of body weight transmitted through lumbar spine, allows spacing and motion between vertebral segments
Term
as you bend backwards what happens to the gap between the vertebra
Definition
closes
Term
as you bend forward what happens to the gap between vertebra
Definition
opens
Term
as you bend backwards what happens to the IVD?
Definition
shifts anteriorly
Term
as you bend forwards what happens to the disc
Definition
shifts posteriorly
Term
as you sidebend what happens to the IVD
Definition
shifts to opposite side
Term
pivot point of a healthy IVD
Definition
within the disc
Term
pivot point of a narrow IVD
Definition
within the bony articulations
Term
lumbar spondylosis conseqeunces: decreased...(4)
Definition
disc height, segmental stability, intervertebral space, central canal and foraminal space
Term
lumbar spondylosis: consequences: formation of what
Definition
spur/osteophyte
Term
lumbar spondylosis: consequences: ligament affected and how
Definition
buckling of ligamentum flavum
Term
lumbar spondylosis: consequences: damages to facets
Definition
hypertrophy/sclerosis
Term
a focal disruption of the annular fibers
Definition
annular fissure
Term
with an annular fissure what may be evident in the annulus
Definition
fluid
Term
fluid evident in the annulus as a result of annular fissure is also called what
Definition
high intensity zone
Term
disc bulge results in the annulus extending beyond what
Definition
adjacent vertebral end plates
Term
bulging discs are associated with what
Definition
mild loss of disc height
Term
a circumferential diffuse extension of the annulus
Definition
disc bulge
Term
what distinguishes the bulging disc from the protruded or extruded disc?
Definition
circumferential character
Term
a focal asymmetric condition in which a segment of the disc contour extends beyond the margin of the adjacent vertebrae into the spinal canal
Definition
disk protrusion
Term
disk protrusion: some of the outermost fibers of the annulus are noted to be...
Definition
intact
Term
nucleus extends beyond the annulus posterior and longitudinal ligament into the epidural space
Definition
disk extrusion
Term
which disc pathology may migrate up or down the spinal canal
Definition
disk extrusion
Term
which disc pathology is known as a button hole lesion
Definition
disc extrusion
Term
a free fragment of disc that is detached from the remaining portion of the disck
Definition
disc sequestration
Term
pure spinal motion rarely occurs in any of the three cardinal planes due to what
Definition
varied orientation of the facet joint surfaces
Term
two or more individual motions occurring simultaneously during normal physiologic movement or function
Definition
coupling
Term
fryette's law 1st law: thoracic and lumbar spines are in a neutral position, sidebending of a vertebrae is _______ to the side of rotation
Definition
opposite
Term
Fryette's second law: When the thoracic and lumbar spines are in a hyperflex or hyperextended position sidebending and rotation occur to the _____ side
Definition
same
Term
fryette's 3rd law: when motion in one plane occurs, the allowable motion in another plane is ______
Definition
decreased
Term
lumbar segmental motion: flexion
Definition
upper facets glide up and forward
Term
lumbar segmental motion: extension
Definition
upper facets glide down and back
Term
lumbar segmental motion: sidebending to right
Definition
left facet glides up and right facet glides down
Term
lumbar segmental motion: rotation to right
Definition
right facet distracted, left facet compressed
Term
flexion/extension rom L1-L2
Definition
12 degrees
Term
flexion/extension rom L2-L3
Definition
14 degrees
Term
flexion/extension rom L3-L4
Definition
15 degrees
Term
flexion/extension rom L4-L5
Definition
17 degrees
Term
flexion/extension rom L5-S1
Definition
20 degrees
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