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Lower
Topic #3
180
Anatomy
Professional
01/17/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

How many bones make up the pelvis?

Definition

 

 

4

2 pelvic bones, os coxae

1 sacrum

1 coccyx

Term

 

 

 

Name the 4 bones in the pelvis

 

Definition

 

 

 

2 pelvic bones, os coxae

1 sacrum

1 coccyx

Term

 

 

 

What are the two functions of the pelvis

Definition

 

 

 

contain and protect pelvic organs

aid in locomotion via force transfer

Term

 

 

 

what makes up the pelvic girdle

Definition

 

 

 

2 pelvic bones

Term

 

 

 

 what is the function of the pelvic girdle

Definition

 

 

 

attach lower limb to the trunk

Term

 

 

 what are the distinctive features of the sacrum

Definition

 

 

 forms a primary curvature

5 vertbrae fused together

Term

 

 

 

the _______ of the sacrum articulates with the ________ vertebrae

Definition

 

 

base, L-5

Term

 

 

 the _______ of the sacrum articulates with the ________.

Definition

 

 

 

apex, coccyx

Term

 

 

 

what are the distinct characteristics of the coccyx

Definition

 

 

 4 vertebrae fused

into 2 or 3 segments

Term

 

 

the ______ of the coccyx articulates with the ______ of the sacrum

Definition

 

 

 

base, apex

Term

 

 

 

What does the apex of the coccyx articulate with

Definition

 

 

 

it has no articulation it is just the inferior end

Term

 

 

 

What is formed by the fusion of the sacral vertebral bodies

Definition

 

 

 

transverse ridges (4)

Term

 

 

 

What is the last area in the body to complete ossification?

Definition

 

 

 

transverse ridges of the sacrum

Term

 

 

 

which type of rami pass through the anterior sacral foramina

Definition

 

 

ventral rami s-1 through s-4

Term

 

 

 

What structure allows passage of the ventral rami S-1 through S-4

Definition

 

 

 

anterior sacral foramina

Term

 

 

 

Another name for the anterior superior edge of the S-1 vertebrae

Definition

 

 

 

sacral promontory

Term

 

 

 

What direction does the sacral promontory project in the body

Definition

 

 

 

anteroinferior

Term

 

 

 

what structure is made from the fused transverse processes of S-1 vertebrae

Definition

 

 

 

 Sacral Alae (ala means wings)

Term

 

 

 

This structure allows for passage of the cauda equina

Definition

 

 

 

sacral canal

Term

 

 

 

What is the sacral canal

Definition

 

 

 

spinal canal of the sacrum that allows for passage of the cauda equina

Term

 

 

 

what forms the median sacral crest

Definition

 

 

 

fused spinous processes of  S-1 through S-4

Term

 

 

 

the fused spinous processes of S-1 through S-4 make what structure

Definition

 

 

 

median sacral crest

Term

 

 

 

what is the sacral hiatus

Definition

 

 

 

inferior opening of the sacral canal

 

Term

 

 

 

what structures form the sacral hiatus

Definition

 

 

the lamina from S-5 that do not fuse

Term

 

 

 

what is the purpose of the sacral hiatus

Definition

 

 

 

for passage of meninges and spinal nerves

Term

 

 

 

what is the sacral cornu

Definition

 

 

 

small projections at the lateral margins of the sacral hiatus

Term

 

 

 

Which type of rami pass through the posterior sacral foramina

Definition

 

 

 

dorsal rami S-1 through S-4

Term

 

 

 

What dorsal rami of S-1 through S-4 pass through which structure

Definition

 

 

 

posterior sacral foramina

Term

 

 

 

this structure is formed from the fusion of the superior and inferior articular processes of the sacrum

Definition

 

 

 

intermediate sacral crest

Term

 

 

 

What forms the intermediate sacral crest

Definition

 

 

 

fusion of the superior and inferior articular processes of the sacrum

Term

 

 

 this is formed by the fusion of the vertebral laminae S-1 through S-4

Definition

 

 

 

sacral groove

Term

 

 

 

what is the sacral groove

Definition

 

 

 

the depressed area between the median and intermediate sacral crests

Term

 

 

 this is formed by the fusion of the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae

Definition

 

 

 

lateral sacral crest

Term

 

 

 

how is the sacral crest formed

Definition

 

 

 

fusion of the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae

Term

 

 

 

what is the superior articular processes of Co-1

Definition

 

 

 

coccygeal cornu

Term

 

 

 

what does the coccygeal cornu articulate with and how does it do this 

Definition

 

 

 

sacral cornu via ligamentous attachment

Term

 

 

 

this articulates with the pelvic bone

Definition

 

 

 

auricular surface

Term

 

 

 

the auricular surface is part of which joint

Definition

 

 

 

sacroiliac joint (synovial)

Term

 

 

 

classify the sacroiliac joint

Definition

 

 

 

synovial

Term

 

 

 

what is the sacral tuberosity

Definition

 

 

 

posterior part of the lateral surface for attachment of ligaments

Term

 

 

 when are the primary centers of ossification present in the sacrum

Definition

 

 

 

at birth

Term

 

 

 

where are the primary centers of ossification located at in the sacrum

Definition

 

 

each vertebral body

each segment of lateral masses

each lamina

Term

 

 

 

when do the secondary centers of ossification appear in the sacrum

Definition

 

 

 

between puberty and age 20

Term

 

 

 

where are the secondary centers of ossification located at in the sacrum

Definition

 

 

upper and lower surfaces of the bodies

spinous processes

transverse processes

lateral surfaces

Term

 

 

at what age are the secondary centers of ossification of the sacrum fused

Definition

 

 

all fused by 25

except the transverse ridges which happens in middle age

Term

 

 

 

what is another name for the pelvic bone

Definition

 

 

 

os coxa

Term

 

 

 what are the three articulation of the pelvic bone

Definition

 

 

 posteriorly with lateral surface of sacrum

anteriorly with the symphyseal surface of the other pelvic bone

laterally with the femoral head

Term

 

 

how many bones are fused together to make up the pelvic bone

Definition

 

 

 

3 bones

ilium

ischium

pubis

Term

 

 

 

what is the ilium

Definition

 

 

 

large superior portion of the pelvic bone

Term

 

 

 

what are the two parts of the ilium

Definition

 

 

iliac body

 

iliac ala (the wing)

Term

 

 

 

What is the ischium

Definition

 

 

 

the posteroinferior portion of the pelvic bone

Term

 

 

 

what is the posterosuperior portion of the ischium called

Definition

 

 

 

ischial body

Term

 

 

 

What are the surfaces of the ischial body

Definition

 

 

femoral surface (external faces laterally )

Pelvic surface (internal faces medially)

dorsal (posterior)

Term

 

 

 

what is the anteroinferior projection of the ischium

Definition

 

 

 

ischial ramus

Term

 

 

 

what are the surfaces of the ischial ramus

Definition

 

 

 

anterior (external faces laterally)

posterior (internal faces medially)

Term

 

 

 

Which surface of the ischial ramus is smooth and which is rough

Definition

 

 

 anterior rough

posterior smooth

Term

 

 

 

what is the pubis?

Definition

 

 

 

anteroinferior portion of the pelvic bone

Term

 

 

 

what are the three parts of the pubis

Definition

 

 

 pubic body

superior pubic ramus

inferior pubic ramus

Term

 

 

 

what are the three surfaces of the pubic body

Definition

 

 

symphyseaal surface

femoral surface

pelvic surface

Term

 

 

 

which surface of the pubic body articulaates at the pubic symphsis

Definition

 

 

 

symphyseal surface

Term

 

 

 

which surface of the pubic body is internal which is external

Definition

 

 

 

pelvic internal (posterior)

femoral external (anterior)

Term

 

 

 

What are the surfaces of the pubic ramus

Definition

 

 

 

obturator surface

pectineal surface

pelvic surface

Term

 

 

 

this surface is a continuation of the femoral surface of the body

Definition

 

 

 

obturator surface of the superior pubic ramus

Term

 

 

 

what is the position of the obturator surface of the superior pubic ramus

Definition

 

 

 medially it is the anterior surface but it spirals to an inferior postion at the lateral end

Term

 

 

which surface of the superior pubic ramus

narrows medially and expands laterally which does the opposite

Definition

 

 

pectineal surface

pelvic surface

Term

 

 

 

this part of the pubis joins the ischial ramus

Definition

 

 

 

inferior pubic ramus

Term

 

 

 

what is the ischiopubic ramus/conjoined ramus

Definition

 

 

 

the inferior pubic ramus and the ischial ramus conjoined

Term

 

 

 

this structure can be palpated along its entire length

Definition

 

 

 

iliac crest

Term

 

 

 

patients refer to this as the hip bone

Definition

 

 

 

iliac crest

Term

 

 

 

what is the iliac crest

Definition

 

 

 

superior border of the ilium or iliac ala

Term

 

 

 

this is used as a point of measurement for limb length

Definition

 

 

 

anterior superior iliac spine

Term

 

 

 

this lies below the skin dimple at low back

Definition

 

 

 

posterior superior iliac spine

Term

 

 

 

________ may be palpated medial and inferior to _______ depending on weight

Definition

 

 

Anterior inferior iliac spine

anterior superior iliac spine

Term

 

 

 

what is the iliac tuberosity

Definition

 

 

 

the roughened area on the posteromedial surface of the ilium

Term

 

 

 

_________ is the synovical joint surface on the posteromedial surface of the ilium

Definition

 

 

 

auricular surface

Term

 

 

 

where does the auricular surface lie

Definition

 

 

 

posterior to the iliac fossa and inferior to the level of the PSIS

Term

 

 

 

a small sharp projection on posterior border of the ischium

Definition

 

 

 

ischial spine

Term

 

 

 what closes the great sciatic notch and what does it form when it is closed

Definition

 

 

 sacrospinous ligament

great sciatic foramen

Term

 

 

 

what passes through the great sciatic foramen

Definition

 

 

 

neurovascular structures and the piriformis m.

Term

 

 

 

what is the location of the great sciatic notch

Definition

 

 

 

intermediate to the PIIS and the ischial spine

Term

 

 

 

this is the weight bearing area when seated or the problem area when saddle sore

Definition

 

 

 

ischial tuberosity

Term

 

 

 

where can the ischial tuberosity be palpated at

Definition

 

 

 

through soft tissue at inferomedial gluteal region

Term

 

 

 

what closes the lesser sciatic notch and what does it form when its closed

Definition

 

 

 

sacrotuberous ligament

lesser sciatic foramen

Term

 

 

 

what passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

Definition

 

 

 

neurovascular structures

obturator internus m

Term

 

 

 

what is the anatomic location of the lesser sciatic notch

Definition

 

 

 

intermediate to the ischial spine and the ischial tuberosity

Term

 

 

 

What forms the obturator foramen

Definition

 

 

 

ischial ramus, ischial body, pubic body and rami

Term

 

 

the pubic crest extends from the ________

to the _______

Definition

 

 

 

symphyseal surface

pubic tubercle

Term

 

 

 

where can the pubic crest be palpated at

Definition

 

 

 

anteroinferior aspect of teh abdomen

Term

 

 

 

this can be palpated about 1 in from the median plane

Definition

 

 

 

pubic tubercle

Term

 

 

 

this seperates the iliac ala and body

Definition

 

 

 

arcuate line

Term

 

 

 

what two structures does the arcuate line seperate

Definition

 

 

 

iliac ala and body

Term

 

 

 

what surfaces are seperated by the pectineal line

Definition

 

 

 

the pectineal and pelvic surfaces of the pubis

Term

 

 

 

the acruate and pectineal lines are continuous with each via what line

Definition

 

 

 

iliopectineal line

Term

 

 

 

what is the anatomic location of the iliopectineal eminece

Definition

 

 

 

at the junction of the iliac body and the superior pubic ramus

Term

 

 

 

what closes the obturator groove/sulcus

Definition

 

 

 

obturator membrane

Term

 

 

 the symphyseal surface of the pubis articulates at the ________ which is a _________ joint which is functionally classified as a ____________

Definition

 

 

pubic symphysis

secondary cartilaginous

functional amphiarthroses

Term

 

 

this lies about 1 to 2 in posterior to the ASIS

Definition

 

 

 

iliac tubercle

Term

 

 

 

where can the iliac tubercle be palpated at

Definition

 

 

 

at the superior lateral margain of the iliac crest

Term

 

 

 

the shortest marking line on the external iliac ala

Definition

 

 

 

posterior gluteal line

Term

 

 

 

where does the posterior gluteal line run

Definition

 

 

anteriorinferiorly from near the PSIS to the level of the PIIS

Term

 

 

 

What is the longest and most distinct marking line on the external iliac ala

Definition

 

 

 

anterior gluteal line

Term

 

 

 

where does the anterior gluteal line run

Definition

 

 

posteroinferiorly from iliac tubercle to the superior margin of the greater sciatic notch

Term

 

 

 

What is the least defined marking line of the external iliac ala

Definition

 

 

 

inferior gluteal line

Term

 

 

 

where does the inferior gluteal line run

Definition

 

 

 

intermediate to ASIS and AIIS to the greater sciatic notch

Term

 

 

 

what is the function of all the gluteal marking lines

Definition

 

 

 

seperate muscle attachments

Term

 

 

 

What three bones make up the acetabulum

Definition

 

 

body of the ilium

body of the ischium

superior pubic ramus

Term

 

 

The body of the ilium makes up which part and what percent of the acetabulum

Definition

 

 

 

superior 40%

Term

 

 

 

the body of the ischium makes up which part and what percent of the acetabulum

Definition

 

 

 

posterior inferior and 40%

Term

 

 

 

the superior pubic ramus makes up which part and what percent of the acetabulum

Definition

 

 

 

anterior inferior 20%

Term

 

 

 

what other bone does the acetabulum articulate with and what is the classification of the joint

Definition

 

 

 

femur

synovial spheriod joint

Term

 

 

 

the smooth articular surface of teh acetabulum

Definition

 

 

 

lunate surface

Term

 

 

 

roughened central depression of the acetabulum

Definition

 

 

 

acetabular fossa

Term

 

 

 

these structures are formed mostly from the ischial body

Definition

 

 

 

acetabular fossa

acetabular notch

Term

 

 

 the depressed area between the ends of the lunate

Definition

 

 

 

acetabular notch

Term

 

 

 

this closes the acetabular notch to the acetabular foramen

Definition

 

 

 

transverse acetabular ligament

Term

 

 

 

the outer raised edge of the acetabulum

Definition

 

 

 

acetabular rim

Term

 

 

 

the sharp border between the pectineal and obturator surfaces of the pubis

Definition

 

 

 

obturator crest

Term

 

 

 

how many primary and secondary ossification centers does the pelvic bone have

Definition

 

 

3 primary

4 secondary

Term

 

 

 

where are the primary ossification centers and when do they appear

Definition

 

 

Ilium = 9th fetal week

Ischium = 4th fetal month

pubis = 4th fetal month

Term

 

 

 

 where are the secondary ossification centers of the pubic bone located between what ages do they appear

Definition

 

 iliac crest

acetabulum

pubic body

ischial tuberosity

15 to 25 yrs

Term

 

 

 

in anatomic position what two structures of the pelvis line in the coronal plane

Definition

 

 

 

ASIS and pubic tubercles

Term

 

 

 

what four things make up the linea terminalis

Definition

 

 

arcuate line

iliopectineal line

pectineal line

pubic crest

Term

 

 

 

divides the pelvis into superior and inferior portions

Definition

 

 

 

brim of the pelvis

Term

 

 

 

where do the two imaginary lines of the pelvis run

Definition

 

 

1. from one arcuate line to the other across the sacral promontory

2. from one pubic crest to another across the symphysis pubis

Term

 

 

 

what is the greater pelvis/false pelvis

Definition

 

 

 

pelvic area superior to pelvic brim

Term

 

 

 

what is the lesser pelvis/true pelvis

Definition

 

 

 

pelvic area inferior to the pelvic brim

Term

 

 

 

what bones make up the lesser pelvis

Definition

 

 

 

pubic bones

ischial bones

iliac bodies

sacrum and coccyx

Term

 

 

 

the exit of the true pelvis

Definition

 

 

 

pelvic outlet

Term

 

 

 

the smooth ball like knob of the femur

Definition

 

 

 

the head or proximal epiphysis

Term

 

 

 

where does the head of the femur articulate with the os coxa at

Definition

 

 

 

lunate surface of the acetabulum

Term

 

 

 

what is the depression at the medial edge of the head of the femur

Definition

 

 

 

fovea capitis femoris

Term

 

 

 

what is the large bone projection at the junction of the neck and shaft

Definition

 

 

 

greater trochanter

Term

 

 

 

where can the greater trochanter of the femur be palpated at

Definition

 

 

 

lateral aspect of the  hip

Term

 

 

 

the posteromedial projection at the junction of the neck and shaft

Definition

 

 

 

lesser trochanter

Term

 

 

 

what is the ridge from teh greater trochanter to just inferior to the lesser trochanter

Definition

 

 

 

intertrochanteric line

Term

 

 

 

the medial part of the distal ephphysis of the femur

Definition

 

 

 

medial condyle

Term

 

 

 

where is the medial condyle palpated at

Definition

 

 

 

medial aspect of the knee joint

Term

 

 

 

what type of a joint is the knee joint

Definition

 

 

 

synovial bicoondylar

Term

 

 

 

what is the prominence on the medial aspect of the medial condyle

Definition

 

 

 

medial epicondyle

Term

 

 

 

where is the medialepicondyle palpated at

Definition

 

 

 

proximomedial aspect of the knee

Term

 

 

 

what is the adductor tubercle

Definition

 

 

 

sharp prominence at the superior edge of the medial epicondyle

Term

 

 

 

where is the adductor tubercle palpated

Definition

 

 

 

only the area can be determined too much muscle around it to palpate it

Term

 

 

 

what is the lateral condyle

Definition

 

 

 

the lateral part of teh distal epiphysis of the femur

Term

 

 

 

what is the lateral epicondyle

Definition

 

 

 

prominence at the lateral aspect of the lateral condyle

Term

 

 

 

where is the lateral condyle palpated

Definition

 

 

 

lateral aspect of the knee joint

Term

 

 

 

where is the lateral epicondyle palpated at

Definition

 

 

 

at the proximolateral aspect of the knee

Term

 

 

 

what is the patellar surface

Definition

 

 

 

smooth anterior surface of teh condyles for articulation with the patella

Term

 

 

 

where is the patellar surface palapated at

Definition

 

 

 

with the knee flexed the margains can be palpated

Term

 

 

 

what are the two fossa of the greater trochanter

Definition

 

 

 

trochanteric fossa

unnamed fossa

Term

 

 

 

which fossa is the most posterior and distinct

Definition

 

 

 

trochanteric fossa

Term

 

 

 

which fossa is very ill defined

Definition

 

 

 

unnamed fossa

Term

 

 

 

what is the intertrochanteric crest

Definition

 

 

 

ridge from greater trochanter to lesser trochanter posteriorly

Term

 

 

which is posterior and which is anterior

intertrochanteric line

intertrochanteric crest

Definition

 

 

anterior intertrochanteric line

posteior intertrochanteric crest

Term

 

 

 

what is the quadrate tubercle

Definition

 

 

 

the small square shaped projection about midway alongthe intertrochanteric crest

Term

 

 

 

what is the linea aspera

Definition

 

 

 

ridge consisting of three lines that pass lengthwise along the entire shaft  on the posterior surface

Term

 

 

 

what is the medial lip

Definition

 

 

 

medial edge of the linea aspera

Term

 

 

 

what is the spiral line

Definition

 

 

 

the superior continuation of the medial lip of the linea aspera

Term

 

 

what is the spiral line continuous with anteriorly

Definition

 

 

 

intertrochanteric line

Term

 

 

 

what is the medial supracondylar line

Definition

 

 

 

inferior continuation of the medial lip of the linea aspera

Term

 

 

 

where does the medial supracondylar line end at

Definition

 

 

 

adductor tubercle

Term

 

 

 

what is the intermediate lip

Definition

 

 

 

central line of the linea aspera

Term

 

 

 

which lip of the linea aspera is only well defined superiorly

Definition

 

 

 

intermediate lip

Term

 

 

 

what is the superior continuation of the intermediate lip of the linea aspera

Definition

 

 

 

 pectineal line

Term

 

 

 

what is the lateral lip

Definition

 

 

 

lateral edge  of the linea aspera

Term

 

 

 

what is the superior continuation of the lateral lip of the linea aspera

Definition

 

 

 

gluteal tuberosity

Term

 

 

 

what is the gluteal tuberosity called if enlarged

Definition

 

 

 

gluteal trochanter/third trochanter

Term

 

 

 

this lies at the midpoint of the femur between the medial and lateral lips of linea aspera

Definition

 

 

 

nutrient foramen

Term

 

 

 

what is the purpose of nutrient foramen

Definition

 

 

 

 

allows passage of vessels to nouris the shaft of the bone

Term

 

 

 

what is the intercondylar notch

Definition

 

 

 

large depression between the medial and lateral condyles

Term

 

 

 

what is the intercondylar line

Definition

 

 

 

superior edge of teh intercondylar fossa

Term

 

 

 

where is the primary center of ossification in the femur and when does it appear

Definition

 

 

 

in the shaft near midshaft

7th fetal week

Term

 

 

 

where are the secondary centers of ossification for the femur and when do they appear

Definition

 

 

femoral condyles (near birth may be one or two)

head of the femur (by 1st year)

greater trochanter (between 4th and 5th year)

lesser trochanter (between 12th and 14th year)

Term

 

 

 

when do the secondary centers of ossification fuse in the femur

Definition

 

 

in  reverse order of apperance between 16th and 20th year

Term

 

 

 

what is the femoral shaft angle in the frontal plane

Definition

 

 

 

10-15 degrees

Term

 

 

 

what is the angle of inclination

Definition

 

 

 

angle formed by the long axis of the head and neck with the long axis of the shaft

Term

 

 

 

what is the typical angle of inclination

Definition

 

 

 

at birth 150 degrees

adulthood 125 degrees

Term

 

 

 

what is the angle of declination

Definition

 

 

 

angle formed by the long axis of the head and neck with the line of the bicondylar plane

Term

 

 

 

what is angle of declination measuring

Definition

 

 

 

longitudinal twisting in the bone

Term

 

 

 

what is the typical angle of declination

Definition

 

 

 

birth 40 degrees

adulthood 10 degrees

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