Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Lower Limb
Anatomy Lecture Final
209
Anatomy
Graduate
07/17/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Name the 4 divisions of the lower limb
Definition
Gluteal region, thigh, leg, foot
Term
What 3 bones is the bony pelvis formed by
Definition
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
Term
Name the 4 superficial muscles of the gluteal region
Definition
Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and Tensor fascia latae
Term
What is the function of the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?
Definition
Abduct and extend the thigh at the hip joint
Term
What is the iliotibial tract?
Definition
The tendinous thickening of the tensor fascia latae m.
Term
What are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region innervated by?
Definition
The superior gluteal n. except the gluteus maximus which is innervated by the inferior gluteal n.
Term
Name the 5 deep m. of the gluteal region.
Definition
Piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris m.
Term
What are the deep m. of the gluteal region innervated by?
Definition
L1, S5, and S2
Term
What is the blood supply to the deep m. of the gluteal region?
Definition
Superior gluteal a. from internal iliac a.
Term
What is the function of the deep m. of the gluteal region?
Definition
Lateral rotation of the of the femur at the hip joint
Term
What do the deep m. of the gluteal region enter the pelvic cavity through?
Definition
Greater sciatic foramen
Term
What is the largest bone in the body?
Definition
Femur
Term
Which 4 m. form the quadriceps?
Definition
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius
Term
Name the m. of the anterior compartment of the thigh.
Definition
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, psoas major, iliacus, and sartorius m.
Term
What is the function of the m. of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Definition
They are extensors, except the sartorius, which cross the anterior thigh at an angle and flex the thigh on the hip and the thigh on the knee
Term
What are the the m. of the anterior compartment of the thigh innervated by?
Definition
Femoral nerve
Term
What provides the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Definition
Branches of the femoral artery
Term
Name the m. of the medial compartment of the thigh.
Definition
Gracillis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus
Term
What is the function of the m. of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Definition
Adduct the thigh at the hip joint except the obturator externus, which is a lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip joint
Term
What innervates the m. of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Definition
Obturator nerve, except pectineus which is the femoral n.
Term
What provides the blood supply to the m. of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Definition
Obturator artery
Term
Name the m. of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Definition
Biceps femoris, semitendinous, semimembranosus m.
Term
What are the m. of the posterior compartment of the thigh called together?
Definition
Hamstrings
Term
What is the function of the m. of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Definition
Extend the thigh at the hip joint and flex the thigh at the knee joint
Term
What innervates the m. of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Definition
Tibial n.
Term
What provides the blood supply to the m. of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Definition
Deep femoral and popliteal a.
Term
What is the area behind the knee called?
Definition
Popliteal space
Term
What are the 3 major arteries that enter the thigh?
Definition
Femoral a., obturator a., and inferior gluteal a.
Term
What is the femoral a. a continuation of and where does it pass under to enter the thigh?
Definition
External Iliac a., inguinal ligament
Term
What is the femoral a. called at the knee?
Definition
Popliteal a.
Term
What is the large branch of the femoral a. called and what does it supply?
Definition
Profunda femoris a (deep femoral a.), most of the thigh m.
Term
Name the branches of the deep femoral a.?
Definition
Lateral and medial circumflex branches and 3 perforating branches
Term
What is the obturator a. a branch of?
Definition
Internal iliac a.
Term
Which compartment of the thigh does the obturator a. enter and through what?
Definition
Medial compartment, obturator canal
Term
What does the obturator a. anastamose with?
Definition
inferior circumflex and gluteal a.
Term
What does the inferior gluteal a. come from and what does it leave through?
Definition
The internal iliac a. of the pelvis, greater sciatic notch
Term
What is the path of the great saphenous vein?
Definition
Originates from a venous arch in the dorsal aspect of the foot and ascends along the medial side of the lower limb to the proximal thigh.  It passes through the saphenous ring to connect with the femoral vein in the femoral triangle.
Term
What are the articulations of the knee joint?
Definition
Between the tibia and femur (weight bearing) and between the patella and femur
Term
What does the articulation of the knee joint between the patella and femur allow?
Definition
allows a strong pull of the quadriceps over the knee with tendon wear
Term
What type of cartilage is in the knee joint?
Definition
Hyaline cartilage
Term
What is the largest synovial joint in the body?
Definition
Knee joint
Term
What is the name of the "knee cap" bone and what type of bone is this?
Definition
Patella, sesamoid
Term
What is the name of the fibrocartilagenous C-shaped cartilages in the knee joint?
Definition
Menisci
Term
What are the names of the 2 menisci in the knee?
Definition
Medial and lateral
Term
What are the menisci attached to?
Definition
They're attached at each end to facets in the intercondylar region of the tibial plateau
Term
What is the function of the menisci?
Definition
They help to stabilize the knee joint with change from extension to flexion
Term
Name the ligaments of the knee joint?
Definition
Patellar ligament, fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
Term
What is the patellar ligament a continuation of and what is it attached to?
Definition
Continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon inferior to the patella.  Attached above to the margins and apex of the patella and below to the tibia.
Term
What is the function of the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments?
Definition
Stabilize the hinge-like motion of the knee
Term
What do the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments interconnect?
Definition
The femur and tibia
Term
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Definition

Upper - distals ends of the semitendinous and semimembranosus medially and distal end of biceps femoris laterally

Lower - medial head of gastrocnemius medially and lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris m. laterally

Term
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Definition
Popliteal a. and v., common fibular n., and tibial n.
Term
Which is the larger, weight bearing bone of the leg?
Definition
Tibia
Term
What is formed by the superior and inferior portions of the tibia?
Definition

Superior - forms part of the knee joint

Inferior - forms part of the ankle joint (medial malleolus)

Term
What is formed by the inferior part of the fibula?
Definition
The lateral malleolus of the knee joint
Term
What m. form the anterior crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius
Term
What innervates the m. of the anterior crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Deep fibular n.
Term
What provides the blood supply to the anterior crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
anterior fibular a.
Term
What are the primary functions of the m. of anterior crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle joints and  dorsiflexion of the toes at the interphalangeal joints (extension)
Term
What are the m. of the lateral crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis m.
Term
What innervates the m. of the lateral crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Superficial peroneal n.
Term
What is the main a. of the lateral crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Peroneal a.
Term
What are the primary functions of the m. of the lateral crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint and eversion of the foot
Term
What are the superficial m. of the posterior crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris m.
Term
Where do the supericial m. of the posterior crural compartment of the leg insert?
Definition
Calcaneus bone
Term
What are the deep m. of the posterior crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, and tibialis posterior m.
Term
What innervates the m. of the posterior crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Tibial n.
Term
What are the main arteries of the m. of the posterior crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Posterior tibial and peroneal a.
Term
What is the function of the m. of the posterior crural compartment of the leg?
Definition
Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint, flexion of the toes at the interphalangeal joints and eversion of the foot
Term
What provides the blood supply to the tarsal tunnel?
Definition
Popliteal a. from the femoral a. and combines to the anterior and posterior tibial a.
Term
What are the boundaries of the tarsal tunnel?
Definition
Bounded on 3 side by bone and 1 by flexor retinaculum
Term
What are the 2 main arteries that supply the dorsum of the foot?
Definition
Dorsalis pedis a. and lateral tarsal a.
Term
What is the path of the dorsalis pedis a.?
Definition
A continuation of the anterior tibial a., passes superficially over the tarsal bones and reaches the base of the metatarsal bones.  Here it continues as the arcuate a. and sends off 4  dorsal metatarsal a. to toes 1-4
Term
What is the path of the lateral tarsal a.?
Definition
A branch of the dorsalis pedis a. higher up.  It anastamoses with the arcuate a. and sends off the 5th metatarsal a. and several medial tarsal a.
Term
Explain the path of venous return from the foot
Definition
2nd metatarsal v. to arcuate v. to dorsalis pedis v. to anterior tibial v. popliteal v. to femoral v. to external iliac v. to common iliac v. to IVC to right atrium
Term
What is the innervation to the dorsum of the foot?
Definition
Deep peroneal n. divides into medial (innervates 1st and 2nd toes) and lateral (3rd, 4th, and 5th toes) branches
Term
What tendons are found in the dorsum whose m. are not present?
Definition
Tendons of extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus, and tibialis anterior
Term
What is the one m. present in the dorsum of the foot? Which is thought by some to be present as well?
Definition

Extensor digiti brevis

Extensor hallicus brevis

Term
What is the innervation to the sole of the foot?
Definition
Either the medial or lateral planter n. Both are terminating branches of the tibial n., which is a branch of the sciatic.
Term
Is the lateral plantar a. the smaller or larger branch and explain its course.
Definition
Larger.  It descends to the bases of the metatarsal bones and forms an arcuate a. (the majority of the plantar arterial arch).  The plantar metatarsal a. arise from the arcuate a. and course to the respective toes.
Term
What are the 3 groups of bones in the foot?
Definition

Tarsal bones (7)

Metatarsals (I to V)

Phalanges

Term
What bones are in the proximal and distal groups of the tarsal bones?
Definition

Proximal - Talus and calcaneus

Distal - navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms (3)

Term
The talus articulates with which bones to form what joint?
Definition
Tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint
Term
What is the largest of the tarsal bones and what does it form?
Definition
Calcaneus - forms the bony framework of the heel
Term
What are the 3 cuneiform bones?
Definition
Lateral, intermediate, and medial
Term
What are the parts of the metatarsals and how are they numbered?
Definition
Head (distal end), shaft, and base (proximal end).  Numbered from I to V, the one associated with the great toe is I
Term
How many phalanges are associated with each toe?
Definition
3 - proximal, middle, and distal. Except the great toe, which only has 2 - proximal and distal.  They also each have a base, shaft, and distal head.
Term
What are the arches of the foot and what is their function?
Definition
longitudinal and transverse arch.  They help to absorb and distribute the weight of the downward forces of the foot.
Term
A chronic disease of apocrine sweat glands found in the axilla, groin, under breasts, etc. that heal w/ scarring?
Definition
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Term
When does hidradenitis suppurativa occur?
Definition
Only after puberty
Term
What can Hidradenitis Suppurativa form?
Definition
Sinus tracts
Term
Name 6 risk factors of Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
Definition
1) Women 2) AA 3) h/o acne 4) Tight, curly hair (ingrown) 5) Obesity 6) Tight clothing
Term
Name 5 tx for Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
Definition
1) I&D 2) PO or topical abx 3) Bleach baths 4) Laser 5) Accutane
Term
A chronic, autoimmune blistering dz that causes subepidermal blisters.
Definition
Bullous Pemphigoid
Term
Describe the pathophysiology of bullous pemphigoid.
Definition
IgG autoantibodies bind to the basement membrane leading to separation of dermis from epidermis
Term
What is the cause of bullous pemphigoid?
Definition
Unknown
Term
How common is bullous pemphigoid? Who does it more commonly occur in?
Definition
Rare. Onset usu. >65yo, men = women
Term
Describe the lesions caused by bullous pemphigoid.
Definition
Tense bullae that heal /s scarring
Term
Where is the most common location of bullous pemphigoid?
Definition
Fleural surfaces
Term
Name 5 tx for bullous pemohighoid.
Definition
1) Topical steroids 2) Long-term oral prednisone 3) Tertacycline 4) Methotextrate 5) Immunosuppressants
Term
Condition that causes areas of complete depigmentation because melanocytes are destroyed.
Definition
Vitiligo
Term
What is the avg. age of onset of vitiligo?
Definition
20yo
Term
Describe the visual appearance of areas affected by vitiligo. What are the most common locations on the body?
Definition
Sharply circumscribed white patches that become confluent. MC face, neck, scalp.
Term
What is the cause of vitiligo?
Definition
Unknown. Autoimmune, some genetic inheritance.
Term
Name 7 tx for vitiligo.
Definition
1) Topical steroids 2) Topical immunomodulators (protopic, Elidel) 3) UV 4) Laser 5) Oral steroids 6) Depigmentation 7) Surgery
Term
An autoimmune blostering d/o associated w/ Celiac's dz.
Definition
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Term
Most common age of dermatitis herpetiformis?
Definition
30's
Term
Describe the rash of dermatitis herpetiformis.
Definition
Very pruritic, burning sensation, erythematous excoriated papules or plaques and herpetiform lesions
Term
What is the most common location on the body affected by dermatitis herpetiformis?
Definition
Elbows, knees, and buttock. Palms and soles are spared.
Term
How is dermatitis herpetiformis dx?
Definition
Biopsy
Term
What is the tx for dermatitis herpitiformis?
Definition
1) Gluten free diet 2) Dapsone
Term
What are side effects of dapsone? (4)
Definition
Hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, peripheral neuropathy, cross rxn w/ sulfa allergy
Term
What are complications of dermatitis herpetiformis?
Definition
lymphoma and intestinal CA
Term
Skin condition described as having salmon colored plaques with a thick, silvery scale?
Definition
Psoriasis
Term
What is the etiology of psoriasis? What causes the sx?
Definition
Autoimmune. Fast turnover of dermal cells - 3 to 5 days (normal 23days)
Term
What is the most common location of psoriasis? What is the most common type?
Definition
Elbows and knees. Plaque psoriasis.
Term
Name the 5 types of psoriasis.
Definition
1) Plaque 2) Guttate 3) Inverse 4) Pustular 5) Erythrodermic
Term
Describe appearance of guttate psoriasis.
Definition
<1cm "dew drop" plaques all over the body.
Term
Who is guttate psoriasis most common in?
Definition
Young, healthy people. Typicalll /p strep infection.
Term
Describe appearance of inverse psoriasis. Where does it typically occur?
Definition
Moist, "beefy red", not scaly. Occurs in skin folds, axillae, groin.
Term
Where does pustular psoriasis typically occur?
Definition
palms and soles
Term
Describe appearance of erythrodermic psoriasis.
Definition
Generalized erythema and scale.
Term
Is psoriasis contagious?
Definition
No
Term
What is the name for psoriasis being triggered after trauma, such as surgery or tattoo?
Definition
Koebner phenomenon
Term
g
Definition
Term
What meds can trigger psoriasis?
Definition
NSAIDS, Lithium, Inderal, Indomethacin, anti-malarials, beta blockers
Term
What complication of psoriasis occurs in 10-30% of sufferers?
Definition
psoriatic arthritis
Term
What are anti-inflammatory tx for psoriasis?
Definition
Topical and intranasal steroids
Term
Name 4 immunosuppresant tx for psoriasis.
Definition
1) UV 2) Biologics (Enbrel, Humira, Amevive, Remicade, Raptiva) 3) Methotextrate 4) Cyclosporin
Term
What tx for psoriasis helps decrease scale?
Definition
Vitamin D analogue (Dovonex, Vectical)
Term
A skin conditions whose hallmark prodome is a herald patch, a salmon colored 1-2cm round patch.
Definition
Pityriasis Rosea
Term
Who does pityriasis rosea typically affect? Where is the most common location?
Definition
15-40yo. Trunk.
Term
Describe the secondary eruption of pityriasis rosea.
Definition
Collarette of fine scale OR Christmas tree pattern that is symmetric and gen. on trunks and extremities
Term
What is the cause of pityriasis rosea? When does it most commonly occur?
Definition
Viral. Spring and Fall.
Term
What is the tx for pityriasis rosea?
Definition
None - self limiting 8-12wks. UV can help, mild topical steroids PRN.
Term
What other two conditions that are typically seen together w/ eczema as part of the classic triad?
Definition
Asthma and allergies
Term
With eczema, which typically comes first, the rash or the itch?
Definition
The itch that rashes
Term
Describe the physical appearance of skin affected by eczema.
Definition
Red papules or plaques with scale, lichenification
Term
What part of the body does eczema typically affect in children?
Definition
Flexural surfaces
Term
Describe the appearance of nummular eczema.
Definition
Annular, coin-shaped lesions
Term
What are potential triggers of eczema?
Definition
1) Harsh chemicals/soaps 2) Excessive nathing/dry skin 3) Foods that worsen 4) Pet dander 5) Excessive heat
Term
Name 4 meds to tx eczema.
Definition
1)Topical steroids 2) Topical immunosuppressants (Elidel and Protopic) 3) UV light 4) Antihistamines
Term
How common is acne vulgaris? Who is it moct common in?
Definition
Affects >90% of the population, MC in adolescents
Term
What are the 2 mian types of acne lesions?
Definition
Non-inflammatory and inflammatory
Term
What are the 2 types of non-inflammatory acne lesions?
Definition
Comedones - blackheads (open) and whiteheads (closed)
Term
What are the 2 types of inflammatory acne lesions?
Definition
Papules/pustules (superficial) and cysts/nodules (deep)
Term
Name 4 causes of acne vulgaris.
Definition
1) Skin cells plug hair follicle 2) Excess sebum 3) Bacteria (P. Acnes) 4) Inflammation
Term
What can be used to tx P. Acnes? What is a difficulty with tx it?
Definition
Topical abx (clindamycin, erythromycin), high resistance - need to use benzoyl peroxide to prevent resistance
Term
What acne med. is very teratogenic and prescription requires signing the Ipledge system?
Definition
Oral isotretinoin (accutane, sotret, claravis, amnesteem)
Term
What complication of acne can lead to hospitalization? What causes it?
Definition
Acne Fulminans. High levels of testosterone and P. acnes
Term
Rosacea is a common skin condition that involves __________ and ___________.
Definition
Erythema, rosacea
Term
Name the 4 types of rosacea.
Definition
1) Vascular 2) Acne 3) Phymatous 4) Occular
Term
What is the most common type of rosacea? Describe its presentation.
Definition
Vascular, facial redness that spares the periorbital area
Term
Describe acne rosacea.
Definition
Papules and pustules w/ central facial redness and telangiectasias
Term
Describe the presentation in phymatous rosacea.
Definition
Skin thickening and irregular surface
Term
Where does phymatous rosacea affect?
Definition
MC the nose (rhinophyma), also chin, forehead, eyelids
Term
What is the tx for phymatous rosacea?
Definition
Only tx is surgery
Term
Describe ocular rosacea.
Definition
Usu. chronic blepharitis and conjunctivitis, dryness, sting/burning of eyes
Term
What triggers rosacea?
Definition
Sun, alcohol, heat, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol
Term
A chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus, erythema, a prediliction for skin creases, and a relapsing course.
Definition
Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
Term
~90% of cases of AD occur before age ___.
Definition
5
Term
What makes up the atopic triad?
Definition
Asthma, Allergic rhinitis, AD
Term
What is the most consistent sx of AD?
Definition
Pruritus
Term
Describe the stepwise progression of the clinical presentation of AD.
Definition
Scratching - excoriation - lichenification - skin breakdown
Term
When does infant AD typ occur?
Definition
2-6mths of age, 50% resolve by 18 mths
Term
What parts of the infant's skin does AD typ affect?
Definition
Cheeks, chin, forehead, and scalp
Term
Describe the rash in infant AD.
Definition
Itchy, red, often w/ scaling. Pruritus makes infant restless.
Term
What parts of the skin does the childhood stage of AD typ. affect?
Definition
Flexural areas - antecubital and popliteal fossae, wrists and ankles
Term
Describe the rash in the childhood stage of AD.
Definition
More dry, less weepy
Term
What aggravates the pruritic sx of AD?
Definition
Perspiration, dry air, cold, stress, harsh fabrics (wool)
Term
When does the adult stage of AD begin?
Definition
At puberty when sx worsen or begin, subsides by age 30
Term
Describe the skin in adult AD.
Definition
Dry, itchy, reddened and cracked - often lichenification
Term
Describe the distribution of skin areas affected by adult AD.
Definition
Can be flexural as in children or more localized (hands, periorbital, or anogenital)
Term
80% of pts w/ AD have elevated ______.
Definition
IgE
Term
Guidelines for dx of AD requires that a pt has ____ of _____ major criteria or __ of __ minor features.
Definition
3 of 4, 3 of 23
Term
What are the major criteria for dx of AD?
Definition
1)Pruritus 2)Affects flexural in adults or extensor/face in infants 3)Chronic or relapsing dermatitis 4)Fam h/o atopic triad d/o
Term
A complication of AD is secondary infection w/ what organisms?
Definition
Staph (primary), strep, or herpes
Term
What are the 5 steps for tx AD?
Definition
1)Education 2)Prevention 3)Mild sx despite routine care 4)Mid-potency steroids and Calcineurin inhibitors 5)Referral
Term
Name 3 ways to prevent flares of AD.
Definition
1)Moisturize (Moisturel, eucerin, Aquaphor, Vaseline) 2)Avoid perfumed soaps/lotions 3)Decrease bathtime
Term
What meds are used to tx AD w/ mild sx depsite daily care?
Definition
1)Mild topical steroids (hydrocortisone) 2)Oral antihistamine (claritin, zyrtec, benadryl)
Term
What are advantages to using Calcineurin to tx AD? what is the mechanism of action? Name 2 ex. Who should not use them?
Definition
No skin atrophy or striae. Stop T cells and mast cells from releasing cytokines. Elidel (Pimecrolimus) and protopic (Tacrolimus). Immunocompromised pts.
Term
When would you use 1st generation Cephalosporins to tx AD?
Definition
Honey crust, pustules, cellulitis, unexpected flares and recalcitrant cases
Term
If MRSA is suspected, what abx are used? The nose is a major reservoir of S. aureus, what would you use?
Definition
Bactrim or clindamycin. Mupiricin (bactroban) applied to the nose.
Term
What is the common name for seborrheic dermatitis in children? Adults?
Definition
Cradle cap. Dandruff.
Term
What is the pathophysiology of seborrheic dermatitis?
Definition
Poss. Malasezia furfur (skin saprophyte) or Pityrosporum yeast. Hyperproliferation of skin/excess oil secretion.
Term
Describe the clinical findings in seborrheic dermatitis.
Definition
Moist papules w/ yellow, greasy scaling, erythema, mild pruritus
Term
Describe the distribution of affected areas in seborrheic dermatitis.
Definition
Lateral side of nose, nasolabial folds, eyebrows, scalp (dandruff)
Term
How is dandruff tx?
Definition
1)Frequent washings 2)Antiproliferative shampoos (T-Gel - Tar), Selsun - Se, Head and Shoulders - Zn) 3)Antifungal shampoos (ketoconazole, ciclopirox)
Term
Name 2 other tx for seborrheic dermatitis (other than shampoos).
Definition
Topical steroids and topical or systemic antifungals
Term
What might you think if a pt has severe seborrheic dermatitis? What other dz is seborrheic dermatitis a common finding?
Definition
HIV (up to 80% of AIDS pt have it). Parkinson's dz.
Term
Describe the appearance of nummular dermatitis.
Definition
Generalized, intensely pruritic coin-shaped patches of eczematous dermatitis
Term
Who is nummular eczema more common in? Describe the distribution of skin affected.
Definition
Adult men. Trunk and LE.
Term
Name 3 tx for nummular eczema.
Definition
Topical steroid (ointment), moisturization, light tx. Very difficult to tx - variable and unpredictable outbreaks.
Term
Who does dyshidrotic dermatitis typ affect? It is AKA?
Definition
Women - early 20's and Men - mid-40's usu. w/ an atopic hx. Pompholyx.
Term
Describe the clinical presentation of dyshidrotic dermatitis. Describe the areas of distribution.
Definition
Intensely pruritic, recurrent, vesicular lesions 1-5mm diameter w/ clear fluid. Palms and soles, lateral aspects of fingers.
Term
What is the tx for dyshidrotic dermatitis? (4)
Definition
1)Wet dressings bid 2)Med. to potent topical corticosteroids 3)Oral antihistamines 4)UVA or x-ray in recurrent cases.
Term
Who does perioral dermatitis typ. affect?
Definition
Young women and children 7mths to 13yrs (girls=boys)
Term
The exact etiology of perioral dermatitis is unknown, but what are 3 possible causes?
Definition
1)Skin intolerance to beauty products 2)Drying agents (benzoyl peroxide, alcohol based products) 3)Bacterial
Term
Describe the clinical presentation of perioral dermatitis and distribution areas.
Definition
Pustules and papules resembling acne around nasolabial folds and chin, sparing the vermilion border
Term
How is perioral dermatitis tx? (3)
Definition
1)Stop heavy moisturizers, steroids, and cosmetics 3)Use mild soap 4)Topical or oral abx
Term
Stasis dermatitis is an eczematous reaction in pts w/ ______.
Definition
Venous insufficiency in lower legs and ankles (medial malleolus)
Term
Describe subacute stasis dermatitis.
Definition
In winter mths legs become dry and scaly, pruritic (itching worsens it), darkening of skin.
Term
What is used to tx subacute stasis dermatitis?
Definition
Topical corticosteroid ointments (II-V) and Lubricants
Term
Describe acute stasis dermatitis.
Definition
Red, superficial, pruritic plaque, may have cellulitis, weeps and dev. crusts.
Term
Describe chronic stasis dermatitis.
Definition
Cyanotic red plaque over medial malleolus, skin thickening, cycles of healing and recurrent attacks (skin remains thick and dark during healing times)
Term
Name 4 tx for acute/chronic stasis dermatitis.
Definition
1)Topical steroids (III-V) 2)Oral abx if cellulitis 3)Wet dressings 4)Compression hose
Term
An eruption that is created by habitual scratching of eczematous dermatitis in a single localized area, AKA neurodermatitis.
Definition
Lichen complex chronicus
Term
Describe the clinical presentation of lichen complex chronicus.
Definition
Very thick oval plaque, usu. just one lesion, severe itching, lichenification.
Term
Tx for Lichen complex chronicus?
Definition
Stop itching!! Topical steroids or oral if severe.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!