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Lower Limb - Clinical Blue Boxes
Lower Limb - Clinical Blue Boxes
25
Anatomy
Graduate
02/27/2012

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Term
Lower Limb Injuries and adolescents
Definition
most vulnerable to these injuries because of their maturing musculoskeletal systems. Not complete until early adulthood, cartilaginous epiphysial plates still exist.
Term
Epiphysial plates
Definition
discs of hyaline cartilage between metaphysis and epiphysis of long bone that permits the bone to grow longer. "Growing Pains"
Term
fractures of the hip bone; fractures of femoral head, neck, or trocantor
Definition
Pelvic Fractures; Hip fractures
Term
fractures may occur during sudden acceleration or deceleration, like in many sports, that tear away a small part of bone with the tendon or ligament.
Definition
Avulsion Fractures
Term
Apophyses
Definition
bony projection that lack secondary ossification center. Avulsion fractures occur here when they are attached with muscles. (anterior superior and inferior spines, ischial tuberosities, and ischiopubic rami)
Term
coxa vara (varus)
Definition
angle between the long axis of femoral neck of inclination is decreased -(90 degrees), causes shortening of lower limb. This causes the distal element of the femur to deviate towards midline (bowed in)
Term
coxa valga (Valgus)
Definition
angle between the long axis of femoral neck of inclination is increased (135 degrees), this causes the distal element of the femur to deviate away from midline, laterally. (Bowed out)
Term
Dislocated Epiphysis of femoral head
Definition
age:10 - 17; The epiphysis of the femoral head may slip away from the femoral neck due to a weakened epiphysical plate. Caused by acute trauma or repetitive microtraumas; slowly slipping away results in progressive coxa vara.
Term
Most commonly fractured lower limb.
Definition
Femur
Term
Part of femur most commonly fractured.
Definition
Neck of femur: it is the narrowest and weakest part, lies at a marked angle to the line of weight-bearing (pull of gravity).
Term
Proximal Femur fracture locations
Definition
transcervical (middle of neck);
Intertrochanteric (distal portion of neck)
Term
Femural Head fractures and femoral shaft and trochantor are common in
Definition
Ages <40: High-velocity, High-energy impact
Ages >60Female: weak and brittle due to osteoporosis
Term
Femoral neck fractures cause rotation of the lower limb and disrupt
Definition
laterally; blood flow to head of femur
Term
Main blood supply to head and neck of femur
Definition
medial circumflex femoral artery
Term
Branch of medial circumflex femoral artery often torn with femoral neck fractures or when hip is dislocated.
Definition
retinacular arteries
Term
Types of fractures of the femoral shaft or trochantor
Definition
spiral fracture results in foreshortening as the fragments override; comminuted (broken into several pieces)
Term
Distal femur fractures
Definition
seperation of condyles; hemorrhage of popliteal artery (runs posterior surface), compromises blood supply to leg
Term
Tibial fracture area most common to fracture
Definition
tibial shaft, narrowest part at the junction of it's middle and inferior thirds; area with poorest blood supply due to anterior surface is subcutaneous
Term
fracture(Fx)type most common with the tibial shaft
Definition
compound fx (bone fragment protrudes through the dermis); result from direct trauma "bumper fx"
Term
Tibial fx most common in unconditioned hikers
Definition
Transverse stress (March) fx of the inferior third of tibia
Term
Tibial fx most common due to severe torsion such as in skiing
Definition
diagonal fx at the junction of the middle and inferior thirds; fx of the fibula also can accompany; overriding of fragments leads to shortening;
Term
High-speed forward fall common in skiing accidents which angles the leg over the rigid ski boot
Definition
"boot-top fx"
Term
Tibial fx in children more serious
Definition
if associated with the epiphysial plates may cause interruption of normal growth of the bone
Term
Disruption of the epiphysial plate at the tibial tuberosity may cause inflammation of the tuberosity and chronic recurring pain during adolescence, especially in young athletes.
Definition
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Term
Fibular fx are often associated with
Definition
fracture-dislocations of the ankle joint; excessively inverted position lifts the talus against the lateral malleolus (fibula) shearing it off. common in soccer and basketball players where ankle dislocations are common.
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