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Lower Limb 1
Lower Limb 1
47
Anatomy
Graduate
09/27/2011

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Term
what is the pelvic diaphragm
Definition
floor of the pelvis
Term
what forms the pelvic cavity?
Definition
bony pelvis, muscular wall of the pelvis, muscular floor of the pelvis
Term
what does the pelvic diaphragm do?
Definition
help support the pelvic viscera (bladder, uterus)
Term
which two muscles help form the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity
Definition
piriformis, obturator internus
Term
which foramen does piriformis exit through?
Definition
greater sciatic foramen
Term
which 2 muscles form the pelvic diaphragm/floor of the pelvic cavity?
Definition
levator ani, coccygeus
Term
which muscle does the anus, urethra, and vagina pass through?
Definition
levator ani
Term
which muscle assists in the voluntary control of urination and fecal continence as well as resisting intra-abdominal pressure that could cause incontinence?
Definition
levator ani - surrounds the anus and urethra orifices
Term
what innervates muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?
Definition
ventral rami of S4 and S5 spinal nerves
Term
what does abdominal aorta divide into at L4?
Definition
common iliac arteries
Term
where do the common iliac arteries first divide and what do they divide into?
Definition
L5-S1 sacroiliac joint level = external and internal iliac arteries
Term
what do the external iliacs vascularize?
Definition
lower extremity
Term
what do the internal iliac arteries vascularize?
Definition
pelvic viscera and gluteal region
Term
which 2 divisions does the internal iliac artery divide into?
Definition
anterior and posterior division
Term
what does the anterior division of the internal iliac artery do?
Definition
gives rise to numerous branches that vascularize the viscera (uterine, vaginal, vesicle…)
Term
what are the 3 major branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?
Definition
obturator artery, inferior gluteal artery, internal pudendal artery
Term
where does the obturator artery go after branching from anterior division of internal iliac artery and what does it vascularize?
Definition
goes through obturator canal with obturator nerve and supplies medial thigh adductors
Term
where does the inferior gluteal artery go after branching from anterior division of internal iliac artery and what does it vascularize?
Definition
exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis muscle; supples buttocks
Term
where does the internal pudendal artery go after branching from anterior division of internal iliac artery and what does it vascularize?
Definition
exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis muscle then enters lesser sciatic foramen; supplies perineum (genitalia)
Term
what are the 3 major branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?
Definition
superior gluteal artery, iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery
Term
what is the course of the superior gluteal artery after leaving the posterior division of the internal iliac artery
Definition
large vessels courses between the ventral rami of spinal nerves L4/5 and S1 then exits the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle
Term
what is the course of the iliolumbar artery after it branches from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?
Definition
courses superolaterally and supplies iliacus and psoas muscles
Term
what is the course of the lateral sacral artery after it branches from the posterior divison of the internal iliac artery?
Definition
courses anterior to piriformis and sends branches through the sacral foramina and canal and helps vascularize the erector spinae muscles
Term
which 2 arteries branch from external iliac artery above the inguinal ligament?
Definition
accessory obturator artery, inferior epigastric artery
Term
where does the accessory obturator artery go after branching from external iliac artery?
Definition
passes through obturator canal with obturator nerve
Term
what is the path of the inferior epigastric artery after it branches off from the external iliac artery?
Definition
goes under lateral folds, pierces rectus sheath and supplies anterior abdominal wall = rectus abdominis muscle
Term
what does the external iliac artery become after passing beneath inguinal ligament?
Definition
femoral artery
Term
how many people have an accessory obturator artery?
Definition
20.00000%
Term
which structures coures beneath the inguinal ligament?
Definition
iliopsoas muscle, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, inguinal lymph nodes
Term
describe the area below the inguinal ligament
Definition
divided into (lateral) musclar lacunae and (medial) vascular lacunae by psoas fascia
Term
what goes through the musclular lacunae?
Definition
iliopsoas muscle, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, femoral nerve
Term
what goes through the vascular lacunae?
Definition
femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral ring and canal with lymphatics
Term
what is the lumosacral plexus?
Definition
collection of ventral rami from spinal nerves L1-S5 that innervate gluteal, pelvic, and lower limb muscles
Term
how is the lumbosacral plexus divided into 2 parts?
Definition
lumbar plexus = ventral rami L1-L4; sacral/coccygeal plexus = ventral rami L4-C1
Term
describe iliohypogastric nerve
Definition
branch of L1 ventral ramus that supplies sensation to hypogastric region
Term
describe ilioinguinal nerve
Definition
branch of L1 ventral ramus that courses through inguinal canal and supplies sensation in scrotum and/or labia majora
Term
describe lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Definition
formed from L2 and L3; sensation to anterolateral thigh; can become impinged under anterior superior iliac spine
Term
describe femoral nerve
Definition
L234 posterior division
Term
describe obturator nerve
Definition
ventral rami L234 anterior division, innervates adductors
Term
describe lumbosacral trunk
Definition
formed by union of L4/L5 ventral rami, contributes to nerves of sacral plexus
Term
describe superior gluteal nerve
Definition
formed by L4, L5, S1; exits greater sciatic foramen above piriformis; innervates hip adductors
Term
describe inferior gluteal nerve
Definition
formed by L5, S1, S2; exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis; innervates gluteus maximus
Term
describe pudendal nerve
Definition
formed by S2, S3, S4; exits greater sciatic foramen and enters lesser sciatic foramen; innervates perineum
Term
describe posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Definition
formed by S1, S2, S3; supplies cutaneous innervation to posterior thigh
Term
what nerve fibers are in lumbosacral nerves?
Definition
GSE, GSA, GVE, GVA
Term
what is the path of GSE, GSA nerve fibers in lumbosacral nerves?
Definition
GSE's arise in ventral horn, travel though ventral root to through spinal nerve to ventral rami; GSA's return by ventral rami to spinal nerve to dorsal root ganglion to dorsal root to dorsal horn
Term
t is the th of GSA fibers in lumbosacral nerves
Definition
GVE exits lateral horn, goes through ventral root, goes to white ramus communicans to get to sympathetic chain, goes to lumbosacral spinal cord, synapses on postganglionic neuron at lumbosacral spinal cord level, exits sympathetic chain through gray rami communicante, exits sympathetic chain at lumbosacral spinal cord level, travels to blood vessel or arrector pili through lumbosacral nerve; GVA's return though lumbosacral nerve to closest ventral rami then to spinal nerve then to dorsal root ganglion then to dorsal horn
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