Term
| Pain anterior at the proximal tibia localization points to these 3 conditions |
|
Definition
| pes anserins bursitis (medially), stress fracture, tumor |
|
|
Term
| Pain anterior at the middle and distal tibia points to these 2 conditions |
|
Definition
| stress fracture, periostitis |
|
|
Term
| Pain anterolateral indicates this possible condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain posterior at the upper medial tibia indicates these 2 conditions |
|
Definition
| tennis leg, flexor digitorum longus tendonitis |
|
|
Term
| Pain posterior at the middle and lower third of the tibia indicates these 2 conditions |
|
Definition
| stress fracture, posterior shin splints |
|
|
Term
| Pain posterior at the calf muscle belly indicates these 2 conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain posterior at the achilles tendon indicates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain posterior at the insertion of the achilles into the calcaneus indicates these 3 conditions |
|
Definition
| retrocalcaneal bursitis, exotosis, achilles tendinitis |
|
|
Term
| When a patient reports sudden onset of pain in the calf it is important to identify whether there is a ____ or _____ |
|
Definition
| direct trauma or sudden movement |
|
|
Term
| Minor trauma in an older patient may initiate a ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tearing of the _____ may occur with extension of the knee coupled with dorsiflexion of the ankle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tearing of the medial gastrocnemius the patient will report a ___ and an associated severe stabbing pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients who just begun an exercise routine or work standing on hard surfaces may develop ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Athletes that suddenly increase duration, intensity, or speed are prone to ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With female athletes it is important to determine _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amenorrhea coupled with endurance type training suggests ___ as a cause of tibial pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of a menstrual period |
|
|
Term
| Runners that complain of aching, cramping pain always occurring at a specific distance is suggestive of ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients that complain of leg pain that occurs with walking and is relieved by rest is likely to have a form of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ claudication is secondary to spinal stenosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ claudication involves stenosis of peripheral blood vessels compromising the blood supply to the muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 risk factors of vascular claudication are |
|
Definition
| smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholestorolemia |
|
|
Term
| Patients with vascular claudication may present with these 5 symptoms |
|
Definition
| diminished pulse, pallor, reduced capillary filling, trophic changes and hair loss, nonhealing ulcers or gangrene |
|
|
Term
| Percussion distal or proximal to a tender area that causes pain at the site is a ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of swelling resolves with leg elevation and is indicative of a vascular cause. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Swelling localized to a specific compartment of the leg is suggestive of ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Localized swelling is suggestive of ___ if found more in the belly of the triceps surae group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Localized swelling of the tibia or fibula is suggestive of a ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Squeezing of the calf muscle and failure to reproduce plantar flexion indicates a |
|
Definition
| rupture of the achilles tendon |
|
|
Term
| Passive plantar flexion of the ankle may increase pain in the calf with these two conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic Presentation: An older patient complains of leg pain after walking for a few minutes and must stop and rest before continuing. The description may be cramping, tightening, or tiredness of the legs. The relief of resting is almost immediate. The patient has indications of cardiovascular risk factors |
|
Definition
| intermittent claudication |
|
|
Term
| Classic Presentation: The patient complains of anterior or posterior lower leg pain that is often insidious in onset. If asked the patient may remember walking or running on a hard surface. The pain is a deep ache that is often worse with weight bearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic Presentation: The patient is usually an active individual who develops insidious onset of tibial pain. Overuse from running or prolonged activity on hard surfaces may be evident in the history. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic Presentation:The presentation varies depending on the compartment involved and whether it is acute or chronic. Typically the patient is an athlete complaining of aching or cramping of the leg following exercise. Pain is relieved by rest initially. There may be complaints of numbness/tingling into various parts of the foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic Presentation: The patient is often an athlete who complains of pain in the achilles tendon following jumping or running activities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neurologic dysfunction associated with metabolic neuropathies as seen with ___ is often seen first distally in the feet. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When compromised by vascular and/or sensory deficits a patient is more prone to the long term consequences of ____ |
|
Definition
| unnoticed or unattended lesions (diabetics) |
|
|
Term
| The majority of foot complaints are due to___ |
|
Definition
| lack of adequate footwear |
|
|
Term
| If the foot is too mobile (hyperpronated) the lack of support may cause ___ |
|
Definition
| plantar fasciitis and strain to posterior tibialis tendons |
|
|
Term
| The most common ankle sprains are ___ sprains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This test will challenge the ankle for stability posterior to anterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inversion will challenge the ankle on the ___ side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eversion will challenge the ankle on the ___ side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The distal tibiofibular joint is considered to be the ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ will cause the interosseus membrane to stretch causing superior movement of the proximal tibiofibular joint with accompanied external rotation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This movement will cause the interosseous membrane to contract, inferior movement of the proximal tibiofibular joint, and internal rotation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The talar/malleolar joint is referred to as the ___ joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This talus and the calcaneus joint is referred to as the __ joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral ligamentous support of the ankle is provided by these 3 ligaments |
|
Definition
| anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament, and the calcanofibular ligament |
|
|
Term
| This ligament supports against inversion and a-p movement |
|
Definition
| anterior talofibular ligament |
|
|
Term
| This ligament supports against excessive dorsiflexion and adduction |
|
Definition
| posterior talofibular ligament |
|
|
Term
| This ligament is a major stabilizer for inversion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This ligament consists of the tibionavicular ligament, tibiocalcaneal, and the anterior and posterior tibiotalar ligaments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This ligament acts to prevent major eversion of the ankle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This area is the interconnections between the calcaneus and the midtarsal bones, including the cuboid, navicular, and cuneiforms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This area is made up of the distal articulations of the metatarsal, metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___ position is when the foot is in supination (exception of the phalanges) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This movement involves a triplaner movement of adduction, plantarflexion, and eversion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This movement involves a triplaner movement of abduction, dorsiflexion, and inversion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Supination in the hindfoot may be comensated by ___ in the forefoot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the forefoot is held in an inverted position while the subtalar joint is in a neutral position, ____ occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ will have a flattened medial longitudinal arch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the forefoot is held in an everted position with the subtalar joint in a neutral position, ___ occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is a similar presentation to when the first toe is in contact with the ground when the other metatarsal head is not |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This occurs when the calcaneus is held in an inverted position while the subtalar joint is in neutral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ often occurs when the tibia is bowed outward (tibia varum) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hindfoot varus will create excessive ___ in the foot and the lower extremity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This occurs when the calcaneus is held in an everted position while the subtalar joint is in a neutral position |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This deformity causes major difficulty because of the lack of stability of the heel contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a restriction to dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint |
|
Definition
| Equinus (talipes equinus) |
|
|
Term
| This is most often is due to contracture of the soleus or the gastrocnemius |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___ phase of the gait cycle is the majority of the cycle (62%) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To dissipate the ground forces the talus is ___, tibia ___ rotation, which unlocks the midtarsal and the talocalcaneal joint which creates ____ |
|
Definition
| everted, internal rotation, pronation |
|
|
Term
| Associated with internal rotation of the tiba ___ the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the movement of the foot is determined by which two joint complexes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two structures often move in an opposite direction of the rest of the foot |
|
Definition
| first metatarsal and the first cuneiform |
|
|
Term
| This is when the medial forefoot does not touch the ground unless the foot pronates to bring it down |
|
Definition
| compensated forefoot varus |
|
|
Term
| Without reference to weight bearing these two muscles are dorsiflexors of the foot |
|
Definition
| tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius |
|
|
Term
| These three muscles are plantarflexors |
|
Definition
| peroneus longus, brevis, tibialis posterior |
|
|
Term
| Eversion of the foot is done primarily by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inversion of the foot is done primarily by the |
|
Definition
| tibialis anterior and posterior |
|
|
Term
| Tendons that pass medially to the subtalar joint are ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The muscles that pass lateral to the subtalar joint are ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on the position of the first metatarsal the ___ may act as a pronator or a supinator |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plantarflexion/Inversion ankle sprain will injure these 3 ligaments |
|
Definition
| anterior talofibular ligament, calcanofibuluar ligament, posterior talofibular ligament |
|
|
Term
| Dorsiflexion/eversion ankle sprain will injure this ligament group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ sprains are often associated with dislocation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Twisting injury at the ankle with the foot fixed (ski boot) consider |
|
Definition
| distal tibial and fibular fracture or diastasis |
|
|
Term
| ___ is considered as an ankle dislocation without fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudden dorsiflexion of the first toe is called ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudden plantarflexion of the first toe is called ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute traumatic injury to the first MTP joint consider these two conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nontraumatic injury to the first MTP joint consider these 3 conditions |
|
Definition
| hallux valgus, hallux rigidus, gout |
|
|
Term
| Acute traumatic injury to the fifth metatarsal consider these 3 conditions |
|
Definition
| transverse (Jones) fracture, avulsion fracture, spiral fracture |
|
|
Term
| Nontraumatic injury to the fifth metatarsal consider these 2 conditions |
|
Definition
| peroneus brevis insertional tendonitis, Iselin's disease |
|
|
Term
| Acute traumatic injury to the metatarsals consider this condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nontraumatic injury to the metatarsals consider these 3 conditions |
|
Definition
| interdigital neuroma (b/t 2nd and 3rd), Freiberg's (2nd), stress fracture |
|
|
Term
| Medial acute traumatic in the midfoot consider these 3 conditions |
|
Definition
| fracture, rupture of the plantar fascia, navicular subluxation |
|
|
Term
| Midfoot nontraumatic injury consider these 5 conditions |
|
Definition
| accessory navicular, Kohlers disease, navicular subluxation, stress fracture, plantar fasciitis |
|
|
Term
| Lateral midfoot acute traumatic injury consider these 2 conditions |
|
Definition
| fracture, cuboid subluxation |
|
|
Term
| Lateral midfoot nontraumatic injury consider these 2 conditions |
|
Definition
| cuboid subluxation, peroneus brevis tendonitis |
|
|
Term
| Anterior acute traumatic injury to the midfoot consider these 2 conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior nontraumatic injury to the midfoot considter these 3 conditions |
|
Definition
| talar exostosis, anterior tibial nerve compression, subluxation |
|
|
Term
| Acute traumatic injury to the posterior hindfoot consider these 2 conditions |
|
Definition
| achilles rupture, achilles tendonitis |
|
|
Term
| Nontraumatic injury to the posterior hindfoot consider these 4 conditions |
|
Definition
| pump bump, achilles tendonitis, retrocalcaneal bursitis, blisters |
|
|
Term
| Acute traumatic injury to the plantar hindfoot consider these two conditions |
|
Definition
| calcaneal fracture, bone bruise |
|
|
Term
| Nontraumatic injury to the plantar hindfoot consider these 4 conditions |
|
Definition
| fat pad syndrome, plantar fasciitis, subluxation, Sever's disease |
|
|
Term
| Sudden propulsion may on occasion cause a ___ fracture |
|
Definition
| spiral (fifth metatarsal) |
|
|
Term
| When a toe hits/catches a rug or stairs and it is non painful consider a ___ component |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bunion of the first MTP indicates ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Boney protrusion of the anterior ankle is due to ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deformity of the posterior heel suggests ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A prominent posterosuperior lateral boarder of the calcaneus is known as ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An associated retrocalcaneal bursa is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When numbness and tingling extends across the bottom of the foot ___ is likely due to ___ compression |
|
Definition
| tarsal tunnel syndrome, posterior tibial nerve compression |
|
|
Term
| Tarsal tunnel syndrome is likely associated with an ___ foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When numbness occurs between the toes ___ is suspected |
|
Definition
| interdigital neuritis due to transverse compression of the metatarsal |
|
|
Term
| Excessive lateral wear of the shoe would suggest ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Excessive medial wear of the shoe would suggest ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bunion development on the medial aspect of the first MTP joint is indicative of ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bunion development at the 5 MTP is referred to as ___ |
|
Definition
| tailors bunion or bunionette |
|
|
Term
| Tailors bunion is due to a forefoot _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ____ is found with a callus formation under the second through the third or fourth metatarsal heads |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ___ is found with a callus formation under the 1st, 2nd, and sometimes 3rd metatarsal heads |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The foot is primarily innervated by ___ to ___ nerve roots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When there is numbness and tingling on the bottom of the foot and tinels test is positive on the posterior tibial nerve this suggests ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the numbness and tingling is more found in the toes and possible associated motor loss tinels tap is done on the anterior ankle on the ____ nerve |
|
Definition
| anterior tibial branch of deep peronial |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms running from the medial knee down to the medial foot the tinels tap will be testing the ___ nerve involvement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If sensation is decreased between the first two toes there is ___ nerve involvement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If there is numbness between the toes other than 1 and 2 there is ___ nerve involvement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If there is pain and numbness to the plantar aspect of the foot and extension increases pain and flexion decreases pain there is likely a ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dorsiflexion/eversion resisted motion will test for tendonitis in the _____ |
|
Definition
peroneus tertius
*stretching into plantarflexion/inversion will increase pain |
|
|
Term
| dorsiflexion/inversion resisted motion will test for tendonitis in the ___ |
|
Definition
tibialis anterior
*stretching into dorsiflexion/eversion will increase pain |
|
|
Term
| Plantarflexion/eversion resisted motion will test for tendonitis in the ___ |
|
Definition
peroneus longus and brevis
*stretching into plantarflexion will usually be more painful than dorsiflexion |
|
|
Term
| Plantarflexion/inversion resisted motion will test for tendonitis in the ___ |
|
Definition
tibialis posterior
*stretching into dorsiflexion will increase pain |
|
|
Term
| What are 3relevant findings of the mid foot |
|
Definition
| tenderness of the base of the fifth metatarsal, tenderness at the navicular, the ability to bear weight immediately after the injury or in ER |
|
|
Term
| The primary differential diagnosis of the plantar heel is between what two conditions |
|
Definition
| plantar faciitis, fat pad syndrome |
|
|
Term
| The primary distinction between fat pad syndrome and plantar faciitis is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is a condition when there is relief by pressing the foot together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plantar faciitis is painful at the ____ |
|
Definition
| medial heel because of the attachment of medial tuberosity of the calcaneus |
|
|
Term
| The pain with plantar faciitis is often felt along the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient presents with pain on the bottom of the great toe. He or she may remember the onset occurring while pushing off with the toe or after forced dorsiflexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient presents with a complaint of deformity and pain on the medial side of the 1st MTP joint. The patient is often a middle aged women. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient presents with toe pain felt of the dorsal surface. The patient is usually elderly or may be an athelete with repetitive capsular sprains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient often is an athlete complaining of first toe pain especially when the toe is bent back. There may be a history of trauma that forced the toe into dorsiflexion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient is usually middle aged or older complaining of an acute attack of first toe pain. The toe appears swollen or red |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient complains of pain at the bottom of the foot, specifically at the sole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient complains of pain on the bottom of the sole. The onset is insidious and the patient notices less pain when barefoot. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient presents with a complaint of rather constant pain of the forefoot, especially with weight bearing. There is almost always a history of prolonged walking or running |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient often will complain of a sudden onset of lateral foot pain following an inversion ankle sprain. Other patients may report sudden lateral foot pain during running or jumping |
|
Definition
| Fifth metatarsal fracture |
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient (usually a child 6 yrs) who complains of inner foot pain. The parent reports the child walks on the outer side of the foot. |
|
Definition
| Osteochondrosis of the navicular |
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: An older individual with a complaint of heel pain. The pain is in the middle of the heel and is much worse with weight bearing. Pain is often relieved when the foot is squeezed together. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient complains of a sharp heel pain that radiates along the bottom of the medial/inside of the foot. The pain is often worse in the morning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: The patient complains of numbness and tingling across the bottom of the foot, often at the sole or the first toe. The onset is insidious and not associated with low back or leg pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: pain is on dorsiflexion and occasionally numbness and tingling into the toes. Palpable mass will be found in the sinus tarsi |
|
Definition
| anterior talar osteophytes |
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: pain on plantarflexion and occasionally numbness and tingling into the toes |
|
Definition
| posterior talar osteophytes |
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: A patient of any age that presents with ankle pain and swelling following a twisting injury. |
|
Definition
ankle sprain
*most common inversion |
|
|
