Term
| Name Anterior Thigh Muscles (Minus Quadriceps), Thier Innervation and Main Actions |
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Definition
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Pectineus
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Sartorius
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Illiacus
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Psoas
Innervated by femoral nerve apart from psoas which is innervated by lumbar nerves.
Main action is hip flexion
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Term
| Name the Quadricep Muscles, thir Innervation and Main Action |
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Definition
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Rectus Femoris
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Vastus Lateralis
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Vastus Intermedius
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Vastus Medius
Innervation from femoral Nerve
Main action is knee extension |
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Term
| Describe the Femoral Triangle |
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Definition
The femoral triangle is located in the the anterosuperior third of the thigh.
Bounded by:
- Superiorly by the inguinal ligament
- Medially by adductor longus
- Laterally by the sartorius
Within the femoral triangle there is the:
- Femoral nerve
- Femoral artery and Vein - where the pulse is found
- Deep lymph nodes and vessels |
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Term
| Name the Medial Thigh Muscles, their Innervation and Main Actions |
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Definition
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Adductor Longus
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Adductor Brevis
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Adductor Magnus
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Gracillis
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Obturator Externus
Innervation by obturator nerve
Main action is adducting the hip joint except for the obturator externus which laterally rotates the hip joint |
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Term
| Name the Muscles of the Posterior Thigh and thier Innervation and Main Actions |
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Definition
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Semitendinosus
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Semimembranosus
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Biceps Femoris
Innervation is via the sciatic nerve
Main actions for semitendinosus and semimembranosus are extension of the hip joint. They also flex the knee and rotate the leg medially when the hips is flexed.
Main action for biceps femoris is flexion of the knee joint and rotation of the knee joint |
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Term
| Name the muscles in the gluteal region, their main actions and innervation. |
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Definition
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Gluteus muscles all innervated by gluteal nerve. Deep gluteals all have different ones.
Gluteus maximus - extension and lateral rotation
Gluteus medius and minimus - Abduction and medial rotation
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Term
| Muscles that Flex the Hip Joint |
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Definition
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Psoas
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Illiacus
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Rectus femoris
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Sartorius
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Term
| Muscles that Extend the Hip Joint |
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Definition
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Semimembranosis
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Semitendinosis
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Biceps femoris
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Gluteus Maximus
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Term
| Muscles that Adduct the Hip Joint |
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Definition
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Adductor Longus
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Adductor Brevis
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Adductor Magnus
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Gracillis
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Pectineus
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Term
| Muscles that Abduct the Hip Joint |
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Definition
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus Minimus
- Deep Gluteals
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Term
Muscles that Laterally Rotate the Hip Joint |
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Definition
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Gluteus Maximus
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Biceps femoris
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Deep Gluteals
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Term
| Muscles that Medially Rotate the Hip Joint |
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Definition
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Gluteus Medius
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Gluteus Minimus
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Semimembranosis
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Semitendinosis
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Term
| Describe the patella ligament |
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Definition
| Patella ligament forms from the quadriceps formoris, travelling over the patella. Function is to aid in extension of the knee. Attaches to the tibial tuberosity. |
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Term
| Name the collateral ligaments, their purpose and their attachements |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the cruciate ligaments, thier purpose and attachement |
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Definition
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Lateral cruciate ligament
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Medial cruciate ligament
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Attach from the intercondyle area of the tibia to the intercondyle space in the femur. Crossing over as they do so
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Purpose is to stop anterior and posterior dislocation
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Term
| Descibe the menisci of the knee joint |
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Definition
There are two menisci, lateral and medial. They are formed of fibrous cartilage and form two horse shoes around the edge of the knee joint, articulating with both the femur and tibia.
They have two purposes:
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Term
| Describe the bursa of the knee |
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Definition
There are four bursa in the knee and they lie where two surfaces move over each other. Their purpose is to reduce wear and tear.
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Semimembranosus bursa
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Suprapatellar bursa
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Prepatellar bursa
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Infrapatellar bursa
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Term
| Name the Muscles of the Anterior Leg. Innervation and Main Actions. |
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Definition
- Tibialis Anterior - Dorsiflexion, inversion of foot
- Extensor Digitorum Longus - Dorsiflexion, extension of 4 toes
- Extensor Hallucis Longus - Dorsiflexion, extension of the big toe
- Fibularis Tertius - Dorsiflexion, eversion
Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve
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Term
| Describe the Muscles in the Lateral Compartment of the Leg. Innevation and Main Actions. |
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Definition
- Fibularis Longus - Eversion and plantarflexion
- Fibularis Brevis - Eversion
Innervation: Superficial tibial nerve |
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Term
| Describe the Posterior Compartment of the Leg. Innervation and Main Actions |
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Definition
- Gastrocnemis - Flexes Knee Joint, plantarflexion
- Plantaris - Flexes knee joint,
- Soleus - Plantarflexion
- Popliteus - Laterally rotates the knee joint so flexion can occur
- Tibialis Posterior - Invertion of the foot, Plantarflexion
- Flexor Digitorum Longus - Flexes four toes
- Flexor Hallicus Longus - Flexes big toe
Gastrocnemis and soleus join together to form the calceneal tendon.
Innervation: Tibial Nerve |
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Term
Muscles that Flex the Knee Joint
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Definition
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
- Gracilis
- Sartorius
- Gastrocnemis
- Plantaris
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Term
| Muscles that Extend the Knee Joint |
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Definition
- Rectus Femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus Medialis
- Vastus Intermedialis
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Term
| Name the bones in the foot |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the articulations and ligaments of the ankle joint |
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Definition
The ankle joint is made of the dital end of tibia and fibia and the talus, forming a bracket joint.
Ligaments
From the medial malleolus:
From the lateral malleolus:
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Term
| Movements of the ankle joint and the muscles. |
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Definition
Plantarflexion:
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Gastrocnemius
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Soleus
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Plantaris
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Posterior tibialis
Dorsiflexion:
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Term
| Articulations and Ligaments of the Subtalar Joint |
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Definition
Talus articulates with the calcaneus.
Ligaments:
- Posterior talocalcaneal ligament
- Medial talocalcaneal ligament
- Lateral talocalcaneal ligament
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Term
| Movements and Muscles of the Subtalar Joint |
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Definition
- Eversion - Fibularis longus and Fibularis brevis
- Inversion - tibialis anterior
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Term
Dermatomes in the lower limb
(nerves in the lower limb are from the lumbar and sacral plexuses) |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the main nerves of the lower limb |
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Definition
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