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Lower GI
Lower GI Radiology Tech
74
Anatomy
Not Applicable
11/09/2013

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Cards

Term
The small intestine extends from the __________ ___________ to the _______ ________.
Definition
pyloric sphinctor to the ileocecal valve
Term
Digestion and absorption of food occur in the small or large intestine?
Definition
small
Term
The small intestine is how many feet long?
Definition
22-23 feet
Term
The small intestine is how many inches in diameter in the proximal portion? THe distal portion?
Definition
Proximal - 1.5 inches
Distal - 1 inch
Term
What are finger like projections that facilitate the process of digestion and absorption?
Definition
villi
Term
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
Definition
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Term
The duodenum has four regions. What are they?
Definition
1 - superior
2 - descending
3 - horizontal or inferior
4 - ascending
Term
The duodenal loop is the second portion of the duodenum. It is how many inches long?
Definition
3-4 inches
Term
What is the most fixed portion of the small bowel?
Definition
duodenal loop
Term
The duodenum is how many inches in length?
Definition
8-10
Term
What is the widest portion of the small intestine?
Definition
duodenum
Term
What is located retroperitoneal and is relatively fixed in position?
Definition
duodenum
Term
The third portion of the duodenum passes to the left at a slight superior inclination for a distance of ______ inches.
Definition
2.5
Term
The 4th portion of the duodenum is on the left or right side of the spine?
Definition
left
Term
The 4th portion of the duodenum joins the ___________ at a sharp curve called the _______________ flexure.
Definition
jejunum, duodenojejunal
Term
The duodenojejunal flexure is supported by the ligament of __________.(part of the suspensory muscle of the duodenum.)
Definition
treitz
Term
The jejunum is approximately how many feet long?
Definition
9
Term
The jejunum is _______ of the small intestine (excluding the duodenum) and is freely moveable loops.
Definition
2/5
Term
The jejunum starts in the left or right upper quadrant and goes the the left or right lower quadrant?
Definition
left, left
Term
What part of the small intestine has a "feathery" appearance due to mucosal folds?
Definition
jejunum
Term
The ileum is in what three quadrants?
Definition
LLQ, RUQ, and RLQ
Term
What is the longest portion of the small bowel?
Definition
ileum
Term
How long is the ileum?
Definition
13'
Term
The ileum is ________ of the small intestine not including the duodenum.
Definition
3/5
Term
What part of the small bowel looks like a stack of coins due to the mucosal lining?
Definition
ileum (freely moveable)
Term
The last portion of the ileum is the _________ __________, also known as the __.
Definition
terminal ileum (TI)
Term
The terminal ileum releases food/Ba/Chyme into the ________ of the large intestine.
Definition
cecum.
Term
The _________ ________ is an opening between the last portion of the ileum and the cecum.
Definition
ileocecal valve
Term
The large intestine as four parts. What are they?
Definition
Cecum, Colon, Rectum, Anal Canal
Term
The colon subdivisions are _________, ________, __________, and __________.
Definition
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
Term
How long is the large intestine?
Definition
5 feet
Term
What are the main functions of the large intestine?
Definition
re absorption of fluids, elimination of waste products
Term
What is the pouch like portion of the large intestine?
Definition
cecum
Term
How many inches is the cecum in length and diameter?
Definition
2.5 inches length, 3 inches in diameter
Term
Where is the appendix attached to?
Definition
posteromedial side of the cecum
Term
What is a narrow wormlike tube about 3 inches long?
Definition
appendix
Term
The ascending colon is on the right side and passes superiorly from its junction with the cecum to the under surface of the liver. It joins the angle of the _________________,.
Definition
right colic flexure, (hepatic flexure)
Term
The transverse colon is the longest and ________ moveable part of the colon.
Definition
most
Term
The left colic flexure (splenic flexure) ends at the _________ ________ of the large bowel.
Definition
descending portion
Term
The descending colon passes inferiorly and medially unites with the _______ colon.
Definition
sigmoid
Term
What forms a S-shaped loop and ends in the rectum?
Definition
sigmoid colon
Term
What extends from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal? How many inches is it?
Definition
rectum, 6"
Term
What is the distal part of the rectum and is 1" in length?
Definition
anal canal
Term
What is just above the anal canal and is a dilation...a sac like enlargement of a canal or duct?
Definition
rectal ampulla
Term
The _________ passes inferiorly and posteriorly to the level on the pelvic floor.
Definition
rectum
Term
The sacro-____________ curve bends sharply anteriorly and inferiorly in to the anal canal
Definition
sacrococcygeal curve
Term
The rectum and anal canal have how many anterpostior curves?
Definition
two
Term
What is the muscular portion of the intestinal wall that contains an external band of longitudinal muscles that form into three thickened bands?
Definition
taeniae coli
Term
The taeniae coli have three bands. 1 is _______ and two are _________.
Definition
anterior, posterior
Term
The bands of the taenia coli of the rectum create a pulling that form a series of pouches called ____________.
Definition
haustra
Term
In a double contrast BE, the gaseous medium serves to distend the _______ of the bowel.
Definition
lumen
Term
Using a double contrast study during a BE, demonstrates small intraluminal ________ such as poliypod tumors.
Definition
lesions
Term
What is the transit time for iodinated contrast agents?
Definition
3-4 hours
Term
Is iodinated contrast subject to drying flaking and unequal distribution?
Definition
no
Term
What is a bowel prep and why is it necessary?
Definition
large intestine must be completely emptied of its contents. Fecal material can simulate the appearance of polypoids or other small masses.
Term
What are three preliminary preparations for a BE?
Definition
Dietary restrictions, laxitive, cleansing enemas
Term
On the BE apparatus, what is the disposable rectal retention tip?
Definition
bardex
Term
How many squeezes of the puffer of the BE baloon is adequate?
Definition
one
Term
Should the BE baloon tip be inflated under flouro?
Definition
yes
Term
Hot or cold BE are recommended because these temperatures produce less irritation?
Definition
cold
Term
Barium is supposed to be "cold." What is the right temperature?
Definition
slightly below body temperature (85-90) degrees
Term
Chilly barium relaxes the colon and stimulates tonic contraction of the _________ ____________.
Definition
anal sphinctor
Term
Warm or cold enemas can be injurous to the intestinal tissues and produce irritation making it difficult for the patient to hold the enema for the length of the exam.
Definition
warm
Term
For the insertion of the enema tip on a BE, the patient needs to be laying in the _________ position (LAO) 35-40 degrees. This relaxes abdominal muscles and it is easier to relax anal sphincter.
Definition
Sims
Term
The patient needs to breath in or out during BE tip insertion?
Definition
out
Term
When preparing for a BE, the IV pole needs to be no higher than how many inches above the level of the anus?
Definition
24"
Term
What are the six steps for preparation of a BE tip insertion?
Definition
- Put IV pole no more than 24" above anal canal
- Fill tubing with barium
- expose on the patients bottom in an LAO
- Lubricate enema tip
- have pt. take a deep breath and blow it out
- insert enema tip during expiration
Term
How far do you insert the BE tip?
Definition
no more than 3.5 to 4 inches
Term
During a tip insertion for a BE, you never force the tip due to possible hemmorhoids. You also hold the tip in place while the pt. turns __________ and double check that there aren't any ___________ in the tubing.
Definition
supine, kinks
Term
If the pt. has had a biopsy before the BE, what contrast do you use?
Definition
Iodinated contrast
Term
When looking at film, how do you know it is an oblique?
Definition
Look for scotty dogs on the spine
Term
When looking at film, how do you know it is a lateral?
Definition
You should see sacrum
Term
The left and right lateral decubitus pictures needs to include what?
Definition
ascending colon
Term
On a PA axial projection, should you see the transverse colon?
Definition
no
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