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Lower extrimities review common pathologies(lippert) Chapter
Lower extrimities review common pathologies(lippert) Chapters 18,19,20
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/24/2012

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Term
Congenital hip dislocation or dysplasia
Definition
Shallow acetabulum causes the femoral head to slide upward
Term
Legg-Calve Perthes disease or coxa plana
Definition
Femoral head undergoes necrosis- usually seen in children from ages 5 to 10.
Term
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Definition
Happens during growth spurt years- proximal epiphysis slips from its normal position on the femoral head
Term
Coxa valga
Definition
neck-shaft angle greater than 125 degrees - makes limb longer do to angle- hip in adduction poposition during weight bearning
Term
Coxa vara
Definition
Deformity in which the neck-shaft is less than the normal 125 degrees- makes limb shorter, dropping the pelvis on the side during weight bearing
Term
Anteversion
Definition
increase in the angel of torsion
Term
retroversion
Definition
decrease in angle of torsion- hip joint inot a more laterally rotated position, causing the person to walk more"toed out"
Term
Iliotibial band syndrome
Definition
overuse injury causing lateral knee pain. -runners and bicyclists
Term
Hamstring strain
Definition
"pulled hamstring" most common muscle problem in body
Term
Genu Valgum
Definition
"knock knees" lower extremities in which the distal segments are positioned more laterally than normal
Term
Genu Varum
Definition
"bowlegs"distal segments are positioned more medially than normal- ankles touch but knees are far apart
Term
Genu recurvatum
Definition
"back knees"tibiofemoral joint in which range of motion goes beyond 0 degrees
Term
Patellar tendonitis
Definition
"jumpers knee" tenderness at the patellar tendon- from overuse stress or sudden impact
Term
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Definition
common overuse in adolescents- where the tendon of the quadriceps muscle attach
Term
Prepatellar bursitis
Definition
"housemaids knee" constant pressure between the skin and the patella
Term
Terrible triad
Definition
single blow to the knee and involves tears to the anterior curciate ligament, the medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
Term
Shin splints
Definition
exercise-induced pain along the medial edge of tibia- inflammation of the periosteum causes the pain
Term
Medial tibial stress syndrome
Definition
anterior leg pain not associated with a stress fracture
Term
Plantigrade
Definition
normal foot
Term
Equinus foot
Definition
Hindfoot is fixed in plantar flexion "horse's foot"
Term
calcaneus foot
Definition
foot fixed in dorsiflexion
Term
Pes cavus
Definition
abnormally high arch
Term
Pes planus
Definition
flat foot loss of medial longitudinal arch
Term
Hallux valgus
Definition
great toe develops a valgus deformity (distal end pointed laterally)
Term
Hammer toe
Definition
PIP is flexed and the DIP is extended
Term
Mallet toe
Definition
Extended PIP and flexed DIP joint
Term
Claw toe
Definition
flexed PIP joint and flexed DIP joint
Term
Metatarsalgia
Definition
Pain around the metatarsal heads
Term
Ankle sprain
Definition
Most common injury-lateral ligament
Term
Ankle Fracture
Definition
Often happens when a person trips Lateral malleolus is most commonly involved
Term
Plantar fascitis
Definition
most common overuse injury, pain in heel- medial longitudinal arch- acts as a shock absorber
Term
Morton's neuroma
Definition
abnormal pressure on the plantar digital nerves - web space between the third and fourth metatarsals
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