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Lower Extremity
attachments, innervation, action
52
Anatomy
Professional
10/04/2012

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Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
-External surface of ilium, lower sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament
-Iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity
Inn: Inferior Gluteal N (L5, S1,2)
Action: Extension and lateral rotation of the thigh
Term
Gluteus Medius
Definition
-External surface of ilium
-Greater trochanter of femur
Inn: Superior Gluteal N (L4,5, S1)
Action: Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh; Prevents pelvic drop when leg is raised
Term
Gluteus Minimus
Definition
-External surface of ilium
-Greater trochanter
Inn: Superior Gluteal N (L4,5, S1)
Action: Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh; Prevents pelvic drop when leg is raised
Term
Tensor Fasciae Lata
Definition
-ASIS and crest of ilium
-Iliotibial tract of fascia lata
Inn: Superior Gluteal N (L4,5, S1)
Action: Stabilization of the knee
Term
Piriformis
Definition
-Anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina
-Medial side of superior border of greater trochanter of the femur
Inn: Branches from S1 and S2
Action: Lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh
Term
Obturator Internus
Definition
-Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
-Greater trochanter of femur
Inn: N. to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)
Action: Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
Term
Superior Gemellus
Definition
-Ischial spine
-Greater trochanter of the femur
Inn: N. to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)
Action: Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
Term
Inferior Gemellus
Definition
-Ischial Tuberosity
-Greater trochanter of the femur
Inn: N to Quadratus Femoris (L5, S1)
Action: Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
Term
Quadratus Femoris
Definition
-Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
-Intertrochanteric crest of the femur
Inn: N. to Quadratus Femoris (L5, S1)
Action: Lateral rotation of the femur
Term
Psoas Major
Definition
-Vertebrae T12-L5
-Lesser trochanter of femur
Inn: Anterior Rami L1,L2,L3
Action: Flexion of thigh
Term
Iliacus
Definition
-Iliac crest, fossa and ala of sacrum
-Lesser trochanter of femur
Inn: Femoral N (L2,3)
Action: Flexion of thigh
Term
Sartorius
Definition
-ASIS
-Anterior surface of tibia just medial to tibial tuberosity
Inn: Femoral N (L2, 3)
Action: Flexion of the thigh and flexion of the leg.
Term
Vastus Lateralis
Definition
*part of Quadriceps Femoris
-Greater trochanter and linea aspera
-Quadriceps femoris tendon-->patella-->patellar ligament--> tibial tuberosity (also via patellar retinacula to the tibia)
Inn: Femoral N (L2,3,4)
Action: Extension of the leg
Term
Vastus Medialis
Definition
*Part of Quadriceps Femoris
-Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera
-Quadriceps femoris tendon-->patella-->patellar ligament--> tibial tuberosity (also via patellar retinacula to the tibia)
Inn: Femoral N (L2,3,4)
Action: Extension of the leg
Term
Vastus Intermedius
Definition
*Part of Quadriceps Femoris
-Upper anterior and lateral femur
-Quadriceps femoris tendon-->patella-->patellar ligament--> tibial tuberosity (also via patellar retinacula to the tibia)
Inn: Femoral N (L2,3,4)
Action: Extension of the leg
Term
Rectus Femoris
Definition
*Part of Quadriceps Femoris
-ASIS and ilium just superior to the acetabulum
-Quadriceps femoris tendon-->patella-->patellar ligament--> tibial tuberosity (also via patellar retinacula to the tibia)
Inn: Femoral N (L2,3,4)
Action: Extension of the leg AND Flexion of the thigh
Term
Gracilis
Definition
-Body and inferior ramus of the pubis
-Medial proximal tibia
Inn: Obturator N (L2,3)
Action: Adduction of the thigh and flexion of the leg
Term
Pectineus
Definition
-Superior ramus of the pubis
-Pectineal line of the femur
Inn: Femoral N (L2,3)
Action: Adduction and flexion of the thigh
Term
Adductor Longus
Definition
-Body of pubis
-Linea Aspera
Inn: Obturator N (L2,3,4)
Action: Adduction of thigh
Term
Adductor Brevis
Definition
-Body and inferior ramus of the pubis
-Pectineal line and linea aspera
Inn: Obturator N (L2,3,4)
Action: Adduction of the thigh
Term
Adductor Magnus (ADDUCTOR part only)
Definition
-Ischiopubic ramus
-Along a line down the medial femur
Inn: Obturator N (L2,3,4)
Action: adduction of the thigh
Term
Adductor Magnus (HAMSTRING part only)
Definition
-Ischial tuberosity
-Adductor tubercle
Inn: Tibial division of Sciatic N (L4)
Action: Adduction of the thigh
Term
Obturator Externus
Definition
-External Surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
-Trochanteric fossa
Inn: Obturator N (posterior division) (L3,4)
Action: Lateral rotation of the thigh
Term
Semitendinosus
Definition
-Ischial tuberosity
-Medial surface of proximal tibia
Inn: Tibial division of Sciatic N (L5-S2)
Action: flexion of the leg and extension of thigh
Term
Semimembranosus
Definition
-Ischial tuberosity
-Medial surface of medial tibial condyle
Inn: Tibial division of the Sciatic N (L5-S2)
Action: Flexion of the leg and extension of thigh
Term
Long Head Biceps Femoris
Definition
-Ischial Tuberosity
-Head of fibula
Inn: Tibial division of the Sciatic N (L5-S2)
Action: Flexion of the leg and Extension of the thigh
Term
Short Head Biceps Femoris
Definition
-Linea aspera
-Head of fibula
Inn: Common Fibular division of Sciatic (L5-S2)
Action: flexion of leg and extension of thigh
Term
Tibialis Anterior
Definition
-Lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
-Medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
Inn: Deep Fibular N (L4,5)
Action: Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
Term
Extensor hallucis longus
Definition
-Medial fibula and interosseous membrane
-Base of distal phalanx of great toe
Inn: Deep Fibular N (L5,S1)
Action: Extension of the great toe and dorsiflexion of the foot
Term
Extensor digitorum longus
Definition
-Medial fibula
-Via dorsal digital expansions into distal and middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes
Inn: Deep Fibular N (L5,S1)
Action: Extension of the lateral 4 toes and dorsiflexion of foot
Term
Fibularis Tertius
Definition
-Distal medial fibula
-Dorsomedial surface of base of 5th metatarsal
Inn: Deep fibular N (L5,S1)
Action: Dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
-Medial head: distal posterior femur; Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle
-Calcaneus via Calcaneal tendon
Inn: Tibial N (S1-2)
Action: Plantarflexion of the foot and flexion of the knee
Term
Plantaris
Definition
-Distal posterolateral femur
-Calcaneus via Calcaneal tendon
Inn: Tibial N (S1,2)
Action: Plantarflexion of the foot and flexion of the knee
Term
Soleus
Definition
-Soleal line and medial border of tibia; posterior fibula
-Calcaneus via Calcaneal tendon
Inn: Tibial N (S1,2)
Action: Plantarflexion of the foot
Term
Popliteus
Definition
-Lateral femoral condyle
-Posterior proximal tibia
Inn: Tibial N (L4-S1)
Action: unlocks knee joint (laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia)
Term
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Definition
-Posterior fibula and interosseous membrane
-Distal phalanx of great toe
Inn: Tibial N (S2,3)
Action: Flexion of the great toe
Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Definition
-Medial posterior tibia
-Distal phalanges of the lateral four toes
Inn: Tibial N (S2,3)
Action: Flexion of the lateral four toes
Term
Tibialis Posterior
Definition
-Interosseous membrane and adjacent tibia and fibula
-Navicular and medial cuneiform
Inn: Tibial N (L4,5)
Action: Inversion and plantarflexion of the foot
Term
Fibularis Longus
Definition
-Upper lateral fibula and lateral tibial condyle
-Medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
Inn: Superficial Fibular N (L5,S1,2)
Action: Eversion of the foot
Term
Fibularis Brevis
Definition
-Lower lateral fibula
-Base of fifth metatarsal
Inn: Superficial Fibular N (L5, S1,2)
Action: Eversion of the foot
Term
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Definition
-Calcaneus
-Tendons of extensor digitorum longus
Inn: Deep Fibular N (S1,2)
Action: Extension of toes 2-4
Term
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Definition
-Calcaneus
-Proximal phalanx of great toe
Inn: Deep Fibular N (S1,2)
Action: Extension of great toe
Term
Abductor Hallucis
Definition
-Calcaneal tuberosity
-Proximal phalanx of great toe
Inn: Medial Plantar N (S2,3)
Action: Abduction and flexion of the great toe
Term
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Definition
-Calcaneal tuberosity
-Middle phalanges of lateral four toes
Inn: Medial Plantar N (S2,3)
Action: flexion of the lateral four toes
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Definition
-Calcaneal tuberosity
-Proximal phalanx of little toe
Inn: Lateral Plantar N (S2,3)
Action: Abduction of the little toe
Term
Quadratus Plantae
Definition
-Medial Calcaneus and calcaneal tuberosity
-Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Inn: Lateral Plantar N (S2,3)
Action: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing toes
Term
Lumbricals
Definition
-Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
-Extensor hoods of toes 2-5
Inn: First: Medial Plantar N (S2,3); Second-Fourth: Lateral Plantar N (S2,3)
Action: Flexion of MP joint and Extension of IP joints
Term
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Definition
-Cuboid and lateral cuneiform
-Proximal phalanx of great toe
Inn: Medial Plantar N (S2,3)
Action: Flexion of the great toe
Term
Adductor Hallucis
Definition
-Transverse Head: ligaments of the MP joints of lateral 3 toes; Oblique Head: bases of 1st-4th metatarsals
-Proximal phalanx of great toe
Inn: Lateral Plantar N (S2,3)
Action: Adduction of the great toe
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Definition
-Base of 5th metatarsal
-Proximal phalanx of little toe
Inn: Lateral Plantar N (S2,3)
Action: Flexion of the little toe
Term
Dorsal Interossei
Definition
-Sides of metatarsals
-Dorsal expansions toes 2-4
Inn: Lateral Plantar N (S2,3)
Action: Abduction of toes 2-4 and flexion of IP joints
Term
Plantar Interossei
Definition
-Sides of metatarsals
-Dorsal expansions of toes 3-5
Inn: Lateral Plantar N (S2,3)
Action: Adduction of toes 3-5 and flexion of IP joints
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