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Liver
notes
16
Anatomy
Graduate
09/28/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the ligaments of the liver?
Definition
1) falciform ligament
- anterior body wall attachment
- divides liver into R & L anatomical lobes

2) ligamentum teres (round ligament)
- remnant of umbilical vein
3) coronary ligament
- visceral serous membrane (visceral peritoneum)
- falciform becomes ant. & post. leaflet of coronary ligament
4) R & L triangular ligaments

5) Hepatogastric

6) Hepatoduodenal

7) Ligamentum venosum
Term
What is the posterior leaflet of the coronary ligament continuous with?
Definition
1) lesser omentum
Term
Where is the bare area of the liver?
Definition
1) Contained between the ant. & post. leaflets of coronary ligament
Term
What forms the hilus of the liver?
Definition
1) The porta hepatis
Term
What is the ligamentum venosum?
Definition
1) embryonic remnant of the ductus venosus
Term
What is the quadrate lobe bounded by?
Definition
1) round ligament and it's fissure

2) gall bladder

3) porta hepatis
Term
What is the caudate lobe bounded by?
Definition
1) inferior vena cava

2) porta hepatis



3) fissure of ligamentum venosum

4) can be palpated through omental foramen
Term
What is the area behind the caudate lobe called?
Definition
1) Hepatic or superior recess of omental bursa
Term
How do you define the functional lobes of the liver?
Definition
1) By the branching pattern of the incoming arteries & the portal vein & the outgoing biliary duct system

2) functional division is roughly right of the falciform ligament
- line drawn through gall bladder and IVC
Term
How is the liver innervated?
Definition
1) Post-ganglionic sympathetics & afferent fibers via hepatic plexus

2) Pre-ganglionic fibers from greater & lesser splanchnic

3) Parasympathetic from ant. & post. vagal trunks
Term
What are the four Porta-caval anastomoses?
Definition
1) Esophageal

2) Paraumbilical

3) Rectal

4) Retroperitoneal
Term
What is the esophageal anastamoses?
Definition
1) Blood can enter the esophageal vein --> left gastric vein --> portal vein

2) Blood can enter veins of thoracic esophagus --> azygos --> IVC
Term
What is the paraumbilical anastamoses?
Definition
1) Paraumbilical veins --> portal vein

2) Umbilical venous plexus --> SVC
Term
What is the rectal anastamoses?
Definition
1) Rectal anastamoses --> Superior rectal vein --> Inf. Mes. Vein --> Portal vein

2) rectal anastamoses --> middle/inferior rectal veins --> IVC
Term
What is the retroperitoneal anastamoses?
Definition
1) All retroperitoneal structure can drain into portal or caval systems
Term
What are the symptoms of portal hypertension?
Definition
1) sequelae of portal hypertension

2) areas of venous anastamoses swell & dilate

3) esophageal varices

4) hemorrhoids

5) splenomegaly

6) hepatomegaly

7) caput medussa
- swelling of paraumbilical anastamoses resulting in halo of snake-like varicosities radiating away from umbilicus
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