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Lexicon
Modern Western Civilization Lexicon Words
208
History
12th Grade
01/27/2011

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Term
simony
Definition
buying or selling of church positions
Term
tabula rasa
Definition
anything existing undisturbed in its original state; clean slate
Term
teleology
Definition
study of final causes
Term
temporal
Definition
take place in time
Term
theocracy
Definition
society ruled by priests(Vadican)
Term
transubstantiation
Definition
the changing of one substance into another
Term
usury
Definition
the lending of money at an exorbitant interest rate
Term
vassal
Definition
owed alligance to someone higher
Term
vernacular
Definition
not latin; native language
Term
anti- semitism
Definition
discrimination/prejudice/hostility towards Jews
Term
bellatores
Definition
those who fight; knights of Middle Age
Term
benefice
Definition
a position granted to a cleric that guarentees a fixed amount of income or property; property held in fee
Term
Byzantine
Definition
architecture of the Byzantine Empire and to architecture influenced or imitated by 
Term
caesaropapism
Definition
supreme authority over church and state; often by a secular ruler
Term
chivalry
Definition
ideal qualifications of a knight includes courtesy
Term
Christendom
Definition
christians collectively
Term
classical
Definition
ancient Greek and Roman models in leterature and art
Term
clerical pluralism
Definition
when a priest or clergy has more than one office
Term
Interdict
Definition
when a pope prohibits a kingdom from a certain sacrament
Term
serf
Definition
laborers tied to land
Term
laboratores
Definition
those who work; peasants
Term
ontology
Definition
study of the nature of existence or being
Term
epistemology
Definition
a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, methods, and limit of a human knowledge
Term
paradigm
Definition
how we view the world
Term
feudalism
Definition
political system in Middle Ages
Term
manor
Definition
self sufficient community consisting of a lord, serfs, vassals
Term
Realpolitik
Definition
policy based on power rather than ideals
Term
knight
Definition
a mounted solider serving under a feudal superior in the Middle Ages
Term
fealty
Definition
faithfulness to your lord
Term
oratores
Definition
those who prayed; priests
Term
fief
Definition
portion of land lent to vassal
Term
Lex Salica
Definition
law that woman/daughter of a King can not be Queen if needed be
Term
anticlericalism
Definition
opposed to the influence and act of clergy or the church in secular or public affairs
Term
homage
Definition
vassal public submission (kneel before lord)
Term
conciliarism
Definition
an effort to strengthen the authourity of the church council over that of the papacy (conciliar period)
Term
Dauphin
Definition
the eldest son of a king of France
Term
dynasty
Definition
a sequence of rulers from the dame family
Term
excommunication
Definition
the exclusion of a member of the church from receiving communion
Term
syllogism
Definition
a piece od deductive reasoning from the general to the particular
Term
Scholasticism
Definition
the system of theological and philosophical in the Middle Ages
Term
Romanesque
Definition
styles of sculptures, paintings, or ormentation of the Middle Ages (vaults, arches, narrow openings)
Term
Gothic
Definition
style of painting, scultures, etc produced between the 13th and 15th centuries by barbaric people
Term
revealed theology
Definition
therology based on the doctrine of all religious truths are derived exclusively from the revelations of God to humans
Term
primogeniture
Definition
the first son gets everything from his parents
Term
Petrine Succession
Definition
succession of popes
Term
natural theology
Definition
theology based on knowledge of the nature world and on human reason
Term
mendicant
Definition
a person who lives by begging; a friar
Term
interregnum
Definition
any period during which a state has no ruler or only temporary executive
Term
dispensations
Definition
permission not to do something that you usually do
Term
raison d'etre
Definition
the reason to be
Term
chansons de geste
Definition
songs of the great knights and what they did/were
Term
Third Rome
Definition
Moscow or Russia
Term
eponymous
Definition
giving one's and applying it to a nation; ie caesarism
Term
heretic
Definition
goes against the teaching of the church
Term
demographics
Definition
study of population
Term
rusticate
Definition
go/move to the country side
Term
flagellants
Definition
someone who whips themselves with metal tip whips (wake of black death)
Term
aesthetics
Definition
study of beauty
Term
didactic
Definition
something is designed to teach/instruct; maybe moral
Term
Filioque
Definition
"and the son"; reason that led to the Great Schism in 1054
Term
millenarian
Definition
second coming of Christ, 1000 of years
Term
queen Consort
Definition
queen that's married to king, Kings wife , no power
Term
queen Regnant
Definition
rulers over her own kingdom
Term
Reconquista
Definition
series of cruceds, 1492 christinas pushed muslims out of the Iberian Peninsula
Term
secular
Definition
rulers
Term
Sprezzatura
Definition
making something difficult look very easy/effortless
Term
historiography
Definition
the way we interpret history
Term
Machiavellian
Definition
don't need morals
Term
matrix
Definition
something within or from which something else originates
Term
pantheism
Definition
nature and God are the same thing
Term
philology
Definition
study of literature
Term
polis (poleis)
Definition
city state
Term
polymath
Definition
someone who knows a lot and is good at it
Term
Quadrivium
Definition
arithmetic, geometry, music and astrology
Term
Quattrocento
Definition
1400's
Term
rhetoric
Definition
the art of speaking or writing effectively
Term
subversive
Definition
corrupt, overthrown power
Term
trivium
Definition
grammar, rhetoic and logic
Term
anabaptism
Definition
rebaptize; rebaptised as an adult
Term
antinomianism
Definition
against the law, do anything you want
Term
concordat
Definition
treaty/agreement between secular ruler and pope
Term
Cuius Regio, Euis Religio
Definition
whose realm, his religion (princes realm, his choic of religion)
Term
diet
Definition
an assembly of the princes of the Holy Roman Empire
Term
Huguenot
Definition
French protestants of Calvinist
Term
iconoclasm
Definition
desecration of icons or religious images
Term
indulgence
Definition
removes temporal punishment of a sin after confession and absolution
Term
Lollards
Definition
english followers of John Wyclif-first protestant
Term
confessional pluralism
Definition
towns worship different ways (more than one religion in a town)
Term
de facto
Definition
fact
Term
de jure
Definition
sanctioned by the law
Term
"elect"
Definition
those in calvinist view who were "chosen" by God
Term
Protestant
Definition
Lutheran princes in Germany at Diet of Spryer, protested against emperor
Term
"priesthood of all believers"
Definition
all men and women are their own priests
Term
Puritan
Definition
someone who wanted to purify the Anglican church of catholicism
Term
"reprobate"
Definition
those in Calvinist view who were not "chosen" by God for salvation
Term
Calvinist Resistence Theory
Definition
if ruler is ungodly, you have the duty to rebel and replace him
Term
sacredotalism
Definition
priesthood is different than Christians
Term
Anglican
Definition
member of English Church (England)
Term
bicameral
Definition
legislature with two houses
Term
cuckold/cuckquean
Definition
husband whose wife is an adulture
Term
deduction
Definition
system of reasoning that goes from general to specific
Term
fait accompli
Definition
done deal
Term
Gallicanism
Definition
France, tendency of French church that the French should be under the control of the French state
Term
induction
Definition
system of reasoning that goes from specific to general 
Term
Politiques
Definition
individuals who believed that people of different religions could live peacefully in the same place/town/state 
Term
recusant
Definition
someone who refuses/withdraws someone from attending Anglican services
Term
ultrmontanism
Definition
belief that the French should be controlled by Rome
Term
bluestocking
Definition
women who had intellectual scholar
Term
bourgeoisie
Definition
upper class
Term
hegemony
Definition
unquestioned dominance
Term
Hussite
Definition
followers of John Hus
Term
nouveau riche
Definition
new money
Term
Philistine
Definition
someone who destains beauty and intellect and power
Term
regicide
Definition
killing of King or killer of King
Term
sobriquet
Definition
nickname (Bloody Mary)
Term
spinster
Definition
women who remains unmarried(middle aged women)
Term
sycophant
Definition
someone who is a suck up (kiss ass)
Term
utraquism
Definition
Hussite's did not deny transubstantiation, right to have both bread and wine
Term
a posteriori
Definition
knowledge gained by experience
Term
a priori
Definition
knowledge required before experience
Term
Baconian
Definition
Bacon formulized the scientidic method
Term
Baroque
Definition
style of flamboyant, colorful painting, architecture and music-way of celebrating Catholic faith
Term
Cartesian
Definition
refers to de carte, mathmatitian
Term
defenestration
Definition
to forcibly throw someone out of a window
Term
mannerism
Definition
style of art that comes after the high renessaince-paintings that distort an individual
Term
rationalism
Definition
strand of western philosophy that believes that ther are things called inate ides-> favor a priori  knowledge
Term
suigeneris
Definition
one of a kind; original
Term
Tridentine
Definition
refers to the council of trent and authority that comes from it
Term
edict
Definition
an order given by a king
Term
Hobbesian
Definition
Thomas Hobbes
Term
iconography
Definition
symbollism of art, looking into the meaning of a painting (dog=fidelity)
Term
miasma
Definition
believe that bad air causes disease
Term
noblesse d'epee
Definition
nobility of the sword (earned)
Term
noblesse de robe
Definition
nobility of the robe (purchased)
Term
polyphony
Definition
style of music where voices at smae time harmonize
Term
regent
Definition
someone who rules in place of king
Term
social contract
Definition
thomas hobbes-believe that when society formed itself it placed rulers above it (safety, security)
Term
"state of nature"
Definition
primarive state, barbarianism
Term
Absolutism
Definition
style of monarchial rule that the person in charge of monarchy should rule everything
Term
arbitrary
Definition
doing things in government that is based on personal whim
Term
Asiento
Definition
permission to trade slaces in America
Term
Couchee/ Levee
Definition
go to bed/ get up
Term
"Divine Right of Kings"
Definition
belief that kings are here in place of God
Term
fiat
Definition
let it be done
Term
laissez faire
Definition
most efficient economy are those that are free
Term
Mercantilism
Definition
economy before Smith; believed government should give monopolies, regulated economy=efficient
Term
noumena/phenomena
Definition
kant; things that we only perceive/ things we can touch and experience
Term
sovereignty
Definition
control everything within the borders of your state
Term
Gesamtkunstwek
Definition
all the works(theater)
Term
Luddites
Definition
King Lud; went around at night smashing machines because they believed that the machines were putting them out of work
Term
malapropism
Definition
when you get the word wrong (allegory->allegator)
Term
misogamist
Definition
someone who hates marriage
Term
oeuvre
Definition
entire work of an art
Term
pantisocracy
Definition
utopian society where you share the work responsible and they are responsible for the work (everyone wheres the pants)
Term
Popinjay
Definition
concided in vain
Term
Rubenesque
Definition
Peter Paul Rubens- famons for painting, full figure people, usually women shapely
Term
spoonerism
Definition
reverand spooner, flip the constinants
Term
Tintinnabulation
Definition
coined by Edgar Allen Poe, refers to bells
Term
Ancienne Regime
Definition
old regime; Europe before French Revolution
Term
Arminianism
Definition
the doctrinal teachings of Jacobus Arminius or his followers, esp. the doctrine that Christ died for all people and not only for the elect.
Term
Choleric
Definition
4 humors(liquids in body)- moody, given to temper, excess of yellow bile
Term
conquistador
Definition
knights, warriors
Term
constitutionalism
Definition
society needs a constitution even monarchy
Term
cynosure
Definition
everyone looking at a particular person
Term
deism
Definition
belief in a God who has made the world and left it untouched
Term
deontology
Definition
study of duty (what ones suppose to do)
Term
Entzauberung
Definition
remove magic out of something
Term
geocentric
Definition
earth at center of universe
Term
heliocentric
Definition
sun at the center of the universe
Term
immutable
Definition
not subject to change
Term
Jacobin
Definition
radical French
Term
Jacobite
Definition
suppoeter of James II of England
Term
Jansenism
Definition
tendency in Catholic church of France that looked to St. Augustine and predestination
Term
melancholic
Definition
4 humors; excess of black vile (depression)
Term
meritocracy
Definition
talents determine place in life
Term
parallax
Definition
displacement of star light
Term
"Perfldious Albion"
Definition
what French called England
Term
phlegmatic
Definition
excess of flem-someone whose good under stress
Term
philosophe
Definition
writer of enlightenment who wanted to solve practical problems
Term
physiocrats
Definition
forshadowed Smiths ideas
Term
Positivism
Definition
science would amanscipate humans; religious science
Term
quintessence
Definition
5th element in sky
Term
Rococo
Definition
extension of Baroque, very decorative superficial
Term
raison d'etat
Definition
reason of state
Term
sanquine
Definition
excess of blood; very outgoing and upbeat
Term
solipsism
Definition
the theory that only the self exists, or can be proved to exist. extreme preoccupation with and indulgence of one's feelings, desires, etc.; egoistic self-absorption.
Term
Tory
Definition
loyalist to British Crown-believed that Catholics should succeed to crown
Term
Whigs
Definition
merged with the Republicans-believed it was okay to remove Catholics from succession to thrown
Term
"Ancients"
Definition
the ancient authorities that were relied upon during the 16th and 17th century-Aristotle
Term
assignats
Definition
paper money issued during the French Revolution
Term
atavistic
Definition
reverting to or suggesting the characteristics of a remote ancestor or primitive type.
Term
charisma
Definition
someone to whom you're drawn to
Term
"Columbian Exchange"
Definition
things that Europe learned from New World, things Europe exchanged to New World (tobacco)
Term
coup d'etat
Definition
secure of power (strike at state)
Term
Emigres
Definition
immigrants during Revolution
Term
"Gold, God and Glory"
Definition
motivation that Europe had to discover new continents. evangilize
Term
Levee en masse
Definition
lifting up at mass
Term
salon
Definition
wealthy women's house for literature
Term
Girondins
Definition
political faction during French Revolution who were more moderate
Term
irredentism
Definition
believe in a nation that once belonged to you and was taken away should be returned
Term
neoclassicism
Definition
movement in arts that follows the Rococo, rediscovery of classic architecture
Term
"noble savage"
Definition
John Jaque Russo-social contract-civilization had corrupted man kind, wanted to get back to authentic man
Term
parvenu/parvenue
Definition
social climber, tries to rise within society
Term
sans culottes
Definition
without kneebritchers, supported Jacobins
Term
secularization
Definition
process where the country becomes segregated-religious compartmentalized
Term
utilitarianism
Definition
need to judge customs by its usefulness in human happiness
Term
viceroy
Definition
vice king, individuals who rule in place of king
Term
Volksgeist
Definition
spirit of the people(folk), individual nations have collective spirits (souls) at heart of nationalism
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