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Lesson 8
Muscle Tissue
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
07/07/2012

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Term
Properties of Muscle:
Definition
excitability, contractility, elasticity, and extensibility
Term
excitability:
Definition
responds to stimuli from neurons
Term
contractility
Definition
is able to shorten
Term
elasticity
Definition
can recoil after contraction
Term
extensibility
Definition
capable of stretching during flexion of antagonist muscles
Term
Functions of Muscle Tissue
Definition
movement, maintenance of posture, temperature regulation, storage and movement of materials (calcium), support abdominal organs, and joint stabilization
Term
Three types of muscle tissue:
Definition
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle
Term
Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle
Definition
* found in myocardium of heart
* fibers are 'y' shaped/branched
* uninucleated
* striated
* involuntary
* intercalated discs
* auto-rhythmic
Term
Characteristics of Smooth Muscle
Definition
* found in the walls of visceral organs
* fusiform shape (wide middle and tapered at each end)
* uninucleated
* no striations
* involuntary
* fatigue resistant
Term
Properties of Muscle:
Definition
excitability, contractility, elasticity, and extensibility
Term
excitability:
Definition
responds to stimuli from neurons
Term
contractility
Definition
is able to shorten
Term
elasticity
Definition
can recoil after contraction
Term
extensibility
Definition
capable of stretching during flexion of antagonist muscles
Term
Functions of Muscle Tissue
Definition
movement, maintenance of posture, temperature regulation, storage and movement of materials (calcium), support abdominal organs, and joint stabilization
Term
Three types of muscle tissue:
Definition
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle
Term
Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle
Definition
* found in myocardium of heart
* fibers are 'y' shaped/branched
* uninucleated
* striated
* involuntary
* intercalated discs
* auto-rhythmic
Term
Characteristics of Smooth Muscle
Definition
* found in the walls of visceral organs
* fusiform shape (wide middle and tapered at each end)
* uninucleated
* no striations
* involuntary
* fatigue resistant
Term
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
Definition
* made of cylindrical muscle cells (myofibers)
* multinucleate (formed from fused myoblasts)
* striated
* voluntary
* contains myoglobin (oxygen binding pigment)
* innervated (neuromuscular junctions)
* vascular
Term
Endomysium
Definition
surrounds each muscle fiber; areolar and reticular fibers
Term
Perimysium
Definition
surrounds groups of muscle fibers (fascicles); dense irregular CT
Term
Epimysium
Definition
surrounds whole muscle; dense irregular CT
Term
Deep Fascia
Definition
surrounds muscle groups (what we see); dense irregular CT
Term
Tendons
Definition
Attach muscle to bones, skin, cartilage
Term
Origins vs Insertions
Definition
O = less movable attachment of muscle; I = more movable attachment (insertion moves toward the origin)
Term
Sarcolemma
Definition
Cell membrane of myofiber
Term
Sarcoplasm
Definition
cytoplasm of muscle fiber
Term
Transverse Tubules (T-tubules)
Definition
invaginations of sarcolemma; conduct impulses to deepest regions of cell
Term
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition
elaborate smooth ER that is storage site of calcium
* surrounds each myofibril; stores calcium; contain terminal cisternae (site of calcium releaase)
Term
Myofibrils
Definition
* found inside of muscle fibers
* shorten during muscle contraction
* long row of repeating segments (sarcomeres)
* composed of myofilaments
Term
Sarcomere
Definition
Function unit of myofiber; z-disc to z-disc; responsible for striated appearance of muscle
Term
Myofilaments
Definition
composed of thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments
Term
Thin filaments
Definition
actin, troponin, and tropomyosin (troponin tropomyosin complex)
Term
Sliding Filament Theory
Definition
pg. 62
Term
Rigor Mortis
Definition
death is not an event but a brocess--tissues continue to live after brain, heart and lungs fail; a few hours after death, ATP runs out, so muscle cannot relax; after 15-24 hours, myofibrils begin to deteriorate allowing muscles to relax
Term
Tetanus
Definition
caused by the bacterium clostridium tetani; excessive muscle contraction
Term
Botulism
Definition
caused by the bacterium clostridium botulinum; muscular paralysis
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