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Lesson 6
The Skeleton
23
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
07/06/2012

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Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
Forms long central axis of the body; consists of skull, vertebral column and thorax
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
Bones of the appendages; consists of limb bones their girdles
Term
Sutural bones
Definition
vary in individuals, essentially islands of bone in a bone suture; may be as big as quarter
Term
Foramina and canals
Definition
pathways for blood vessels and nerves
Term
Paranasal Sinuses
Definition
lined with mucous membranes--make mucus, warm and humidify air, make skull lighter, resonate sound, ethmoidal, frontal, maxillary and sphenoid sinuses; sinus infections not large enough hole to drain mucus
Term
Vertebral Column Numbers
Definition
Cervical (7); Thoracic (12); lumbar (5); sacrum (5 fused); coccyx (4 fused)
Term
Intervertebral Discs
Definition
fibrocartilage (outer portion); cushion-like pad; nucleus puposus; annulus fibrosus
Term
Nucleus Puposus
Definition
part of intervertebral discs; gelatinous, high water content; enables spine to absorb compressive stress
Term
Annulus Fibrosus
Definition
intervertebral discs; outer rings, ligament; inner rings, fibrocartilage; limits expansion of nucleus pulposus
Term
Herniated Disc
Definition
Rupture of annulus fibrosus, followed by protrusion of nucleus pulposus; results in pressure on nerve roots--causes pain and numbness; treatments of anti-inflammatory
Term
Costovertebral angle
Definition
angle between the spinal column and the last floating rib of the rib cage (L1 and rib of T12)
Term
Phallanges
Definition
14 on hand and 14 on foot, with three in all but pollex and hallux (2--proximal and distal)
Term
Carpus vs Tarsus
Definition
8 carpals and 7 tarsals
Term
Male vs. Female pevlis
Definition
female pelvis is more rectangular, male more triangular--females need more space for exciting baby
Term
Cleft lip and cleft palate
Definition
incomplete fusion of the maxillary and nasal bones--occurs in 1/1000 births; some so severe, no hard palate--tongue pushes on surface & creates suction of swallowing; can affect speech
Term
Kyphosis
Definition
hunch back (round top--curving posteriorly)
Term
Lordosis
Definition
Sway back--(rounded bottow, curving anteriorly)
Term
Scoliosis
Definition
most common, slight curving sideways
Term
Thalidomide
Definition
teratogen, originally prescribed for morning sickness; caused severe limb malformations (polydactyly, meromelia, phocomelia, and amelia)
Term
Polydactyly
Definition
extra digits (possibly caused by thalidomide)
Term
Meromelia
Definition
Partial absence of the limb (possibly caused by thalidomide)
Term
Phocomelia
Definition
short, poorly formed limb, fin like; (possibly caused by thalidomide)
Term
Amelia
Definition
Complete absence of a limb; (possibly caused by thalidomide)
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