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Lesson 4
Integumentary System
23
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
07/04/2012

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Term
Integument Structure
Definition
consists of: skin, nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands; largest organ in the body, thickness from 1.5-4 mm
Term
Functions of the Integument
Definition
protection, prevents loss of water, temperature regulation, metabolic regulation, immune defense, sensory receptors, and excretion by means of secretion (secretion = creates substance (rather than just getting rid of waste))
Term
Regions of the Skin:
Definition
Epidermis (epithelial tissue; avascular), Dermis (connective tissue; avascular), and hyopdermis (not part of integument; connective tissue and vascular)
Term
Epidermis layers:
Definition
Keratinzed stratified squamous epithelium consists of stratum corneum (apical, dead, anucleate, lots of keratin), statum lucidum (only in thick skin, flattened and fillid with eleidin), stratum granulosum (begins process of keratinization), stratum spinosum (epidermal dendritic cells (langerhans cells) for immune defense; divide into specialized keratinocytes, spiny attaching), and stratum basale (where melanocytes and tactile cells are found); keratinocytes are the most abundant and are found in all layers
Term
Skin color
Definition
determined by factors such as hemoglobin, melanin, and carotene
Term
Skin Markings (4 types)
Definition
Nevus/mole or birth mark (after or before birth--overgrowth of melanocytes); Freckles--periodic excessive activity of melanocytes; hemangioma--congenital anomaly; friction ridges--large folds and valleys of dermis/epidermis (finger prints)
Term
Dermis
Definition
Connective tissue, made of papillary layer (areolar CT) and reticular layer (dense irregular CT)
Term
Striae
Definition
stretch marks; torn collagen
Term
Wrinkles
Definition
Skin does not snap back into place (decreased flexibility and thickness of the dermis); caused by age and UV exposure
Term
Cleavage Lines
Definition
orientation of collagen bundles (little scarring if parallel (plastic surgeon), huge if perpindicular (normal surgeon)
Term
Hypodermis
Definition
Areolar and adipose connective tissue; anchors skin to underlying structures and allows skin to slide freely; thicker in woman; NOT PART OF INTEGUMENT
Term
Nails
Definition
Review slide #30--know labels
Term
Lanugo
Definition
hair type; fine downy hair of the fetus
Term
Vellus
Definition
Fine hair on arms and legs
Term
Termina
Definition
course hair on head and in pubic region/men's facial hair
Term
Location/Function of Hair:
Definition
Hair can be found everywhere but palms/soles, lips, sides of fingers/toes, and parts of the external genitalia; functions to protect from sun, sensation, and reduces heat loss
Term
Hair Structure/Growth
Definition
consists of root and shaft; arrector pilli muscle attaches; rate of hair growth about 2mm a week, with an active phase and dormant phase
Term
Types of Baldness
Definition
Alopecia (chunks), diffuse hair loss (everywhere), and male pattern baldness (due to testosterone, vellus replaces termina)
Term
Sebaceous Glands
Definition
oil--holocrine type; occur every on body but palms and feet; produce sebum as lubricant; ball against hair
Term
Sudoriferous gland
Definition
sweat--merocine (most numerous, has long duct) and apocrine (confined to axillary, nipple, anal and genital areas, viscous sweat)--duct follows hair
Term
Degrees of Burns:
Definition
1st = damages epidermis; 2nd = damages epidermis and part of dermis; 3rd = damages entire epidermis and dermis (possibly hypodermis)
Term
Types of Skin Cancer
Definition
Basal Cell Carcinoma (most common type, least dangerous, stratum basale), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (arises from keratinocytes), and Malignant Mealanoma (most deadly, arises from melanocytes)
Term
ABCD rules of MM detection
Definition
A: Assymmetry, B: Border, C: Color, and D: Diameter
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