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Lesson 2
Embyrology
16
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
07/04/2012

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Term
Prenatal Period
Definition
First 38 weeks of human development (pre-embryonic, embryonic, and fetal)
Term
Events of the Pre-Embyronic Period
Definition
weeks 1-2: fertilization (day 1), zygote, morula (16 cells), blastocyst (100 cells), and implantation
Term
Blastocyst
Definition
100 cell organism of pre-embryonic period, has an inner cell mass called the embryoblast (becomes embryo) and an outer cell mass called the trophoblast (becomes chorion)
Term
Trophoblast
Definition
The trophoblast divides into two layers--the cytotrophoblast (inner layer) and the syncytiotrophoblast (other layer/thick), which burrows into the functional layer of the endometrium and brings the blastocyst with it. These layers help to create the chorion, which creates the fetal part of the placenta
Term
Embryoblast
Definition
divides into two layers to form the bilaminar disc--the epiblast and the hypoblast
Term
Epiblast
Definition
top layer of bilaminar disc--forms the embryo and the amnion
Term
hypoblast
Definition
bottom layer of the bilaminar disc--forms the yolk sack
Term
Embryonic Period Events
Definition
weeks 3-8, primitive streak, gastrulation, folding, neurogensis, and organogensis
Term
Gastrulation
Definition
epiblast cells invaginate through thte primitive streak towards the hypoblast--invaginating lays down endoderm and mesoderm; remaining cells are ectoderm
Term
Name the three germ layers and what they form
Definition
Ectoderm (skin and nervous tissue), mesoderm (muscle tissue, heart, kidneys, reproductive organs, connective tissue, and endoderm (digestive and respiratory systems)
Term
What are the two types of Body Folding? When do they Occur?
Definition
The embryonic stage, transverse folding and cephalocaudal folding
Term
What is Neurulation
Definition
The notochord (a tube of mesoderm) induces the epiderm to develop the neural tube
Term
Organogensis
Definition
Embryonic period, most organ systems have developed by week 8, but not life sustainable yet (embryonic period)
Term
Fetal Period
Definition
Weeks 9-38, respiratory is the last to develop, this is the maturation stage of the organs
Term
Birth Defects
Definition
3% of babies; 50% are by unknown causes, usually responsible for miscarriages, can be caused by teratogens
Term
Terratogens
Definition
anything that causes a birth defect; FAS is #1 cause of mental retardation in USA; accutane causes mental disability in 50%
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