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Lesions Part II
Match the symptom to its cause
63
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/05/2015

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Term
Astigmatism
Definition
Irregular shape of the cornea or the lens inside the eye
Term
Hypermetropia
Definition
The eye is too short, or the cornea or crystalline lens does not refract the light enough
Term
Blurred vision when looking at objects close to them, and clearer vision when looking at objects in the distance
Definition
The eye is too short, or the cornea or crystalline lens does not refract the light enough
Term
Myopia
Definition
The eye is too long, or the cornea or crystalline lens is too strong
Term
Clear vision when looking at objects close to the person, but distant objects will appear blurred
Definition
The eye is too long, or the cornea or crystalline lens is too strong
Term
Slight loss of peripheral vision with no pain or discomfort, moving to loss of peripheral vision and difficulty adjusting to low light
Definition
Increased intraocular pressure, damage to the optic nerve, and disruption to the eyes normal drainage system
Term
Slight loss of peripheral vision with no pain or discomfort, moving to loss of peripheral vision and difficulty adjusting to low light
Definition
Glaucoma
Term
Blurred vision, glare sensitivity, distortion or double vision in the affected eye, a feeling of looking through a veil or curtain
Definition
Cataracts
Term
Blurred vision, glare sensitivity, distortion or double vision in the affected eye, a feeling of looking through a veil or curtain
Definition
Clumping of proteins that start to cloud the lens of the eye
Term
Shine light in right eye and get a direct response in the right pupil without a consensual response in the left pupil
Definition
Damage to left occulomotor nerve
Term
Lack of response to light stimulation of the right eye if both eyes respond normally to stimulation of the left eye
Definition
Right retina or optic nerve damage
Term
venous engorgement (usually the first signs), loss of venous pulsation, hemorrhages over and / or adjacent to the optic disc, blurring of optic margins, elevation of optic disc
Definition
Papilledema
Term
venous engorgement (usually the first signs), loss of venous pulsation, hemorrhages over and / or adjacent to the optic disc, blurring of optic margins, elevation of optic disc
Definition
Optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure
Term
Heaviness of limbs, thalamic pain
Definition
Lesion to the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)
Term
Motor deficits
Definition
Lesions to ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM)
Term
Accelerated development of the sexual organs and the skeleton in children
Definition
Calcification of the pineal gland
Term
Weakness in the lower limbs, unsteady gait, slowness of muscular movements, tremors of the hands, hesi- tancy of speech, and slow cerebration
Definition
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Term
Extended loss of consciousness
Definition
Cerebral contusion - from brain trauma in which the pia is stripped from the injured surface of the brain and may be torn, allowing blood to enter the subarachnoid space
Term
CSF leakage from the external acoustic meatus
Definition
Fractures in the floor of the middle cranial fossa
Term
CSF leakage through the nose
Definition
Fractures in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa that may involve the cribriform plate of the ethmoid
Term
Staggering, dizziness, light-headedness, fainting, and paresthesias
Definition
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
Term
Total ophthalmoplegia, usually accompanied by a fixed, dilated pupil
Definition
A complete lesion of the cavernous sinus disrupting CN III, IV, and VI
Term
A sudden engorgement and redness of the left eye
Definition
A carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) on the left
Term
A sudden engorgement and redness of the left eye
Definition
The internal carotid artery ruptures within the cavernous sinus causing a carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) on the left
Term
Weak or absent pulse, decreased blood pressure (>20 mmHg), arm claudication (rare due to collateral perfusion) on the ipsilateral side
Definition
Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) - from occlusion or severe stenosis of the proximal subclavian artery resulting in retrograde flow in the ipsilateral vertebral artery
Term
Right leg upper-motor neuron weakness and right leg cortical sensory loss
Definition
Infarct in the left anterior cerebral artery
Term
Left leg upper-motor neuron weakness and left leg cortical sensory loss
Definition
Infarct in the right anterior cerebral artery
Term
Grasp reflex, frontal lobe behavioral abnormalities, and transcortical aphasia
Definition
Infarct in the left anterior cerebral artery
Term
Grasp reflex, frontal lobe behavioural abnormalities and left hemineglect
Definition
Infarct in the right anterior cerebral artery
Term
Right face and arm upper-motor weakness, Broca's aphasia, right face and arm cortical type sensory loss, fluent (Wernicke’s) aphasia
Definition
Infarct in left middle cerebral artery, superficial division
Term
Right homonymous hemianopsia
Definition
Infarct in the left posterior cerebral artery
Term
Left homonymous hemianopsia
Definition
Infarct in the right posterior cerebral artery
Term
Aphasia and contralateral sensorimotor defects
Definition
Middle cerebral artery occlusion
Term
Contralateral lower limb weakness
Definition
Anterior cerebral artery occlusion
Term
Sensory loss, visual loss - hemianopia
Definition
Posterior cerebral artery occlusion
Term
Hyperreflexia, Babinski sign, Hoffman present, clonus, spasticity, weakness of the face, arm, and/or leg
Definition
Infarct in the internal capsule
Term
Contralateral weakness and contralateral sensory loss
Definition
Infarct in posterior limb of the internal capsule
Term
Initially flacid paralysis, then hypertonia, spasms, hyper-reflexia, Babinski sign, no fasciculations, no muscle atrophy
Definition
Upper motor neuron lesions
Term
Hypotonia, hyporeflexia, no Babinski sign, after motor neuron irritation, fasciculations are visible, muscle atrophy
Definition
Lower motor neuron lesions
Term
Inability to perform complex movement properly, but can still perform simple movements
Definition
Lesions to pre-motor and supplementary motor areas
Term
Paralysis of the contralateral side of the body (involves both simple and complex movements)
Definition
Lesions to the primary motor cortex
Term
Changes to body image, perception of spatial relations, predicted outcomes of actions, decision making
Definition
Lesions to the posterior parietal cortex (PPC)
Term
Difficulty controlling eye position during head/body movement, difficulty maintaining balance
Definition
Lesions to the vestibulocerebellum
Term
Ataxia, dysynergia, dysmetria
Definition
Lesions to the spinocerebellum
Term
Reduced control of ipsilateral movements, delays in movement initiation
Definition
Lesions to the cerebrocerebellum
Term
Irregularities in timing movement, spatial cognition, abstract reasoning, and working memory affectes
Definition
Lesions to the cerebrocerebellum
Term
Able to move upper limbs but not lower limbs due to upper motor neuron damage
Definition
Lesion to spinal cord between T3-L3
Term
Able to move upper limbs but not lower limbs due to lower motor neuron damage
Definition
Lesion to spinal cord between L4-S2
Term
Unable to move upper limbs due to upper motor neuron damage, and unable to move lower limbs due to lower motor neuron damage
Definition
Lesion to spinal cord between C6-T2
Term
Unable to move upper or lower limbs due to upper motor neuron damage
Definition
Lesion to spinal cord between C1-C5
Term
Loss of pain and temperature sensation in the cape distribution or in the hands, with sparing of touch and vibration
Definition
Lesion to ventral commissure
Term
Painless injuries or burns to the hands from lack of sensation
Definition
Lesion to ventral commissure
Term
Effortful speech, many pauses, limited words consisting of mostly nouns with a few verbs, failure in grammar usage. Problem in finding words, but relatively intact comprehension of language
Definition
Broca’s aphasia
Term
Language production is fluent but includes errors in word use, impaired ability to read and write, problem in repeating words
Definition
Wernicke’s aphasia
Term
Language production is fluent but includes errors in word use, language comprehension is to a great extent preserved, difficulty in reading and writing, problem in repeating words.
Definition
Conduction aphasia: Disconnection between Wernicke and Broca’s areas
Term
Language production is impaired, language comprehension is impaired, impaired reading and writing, impaired repeating of words
Definition
Large lesion affecting the left hemisphere
Term
Language production is impaired, language comprehension is impaired, impaired reading and writing, impaired repeating of words
Definition
Global aphasia
Term
Language production is impaired, language comprehension is to a great extent preserved, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences
Definition
Lesions in anterior frontal lobe
Term
Language production is impaired, language comprehension is to a great extent preserved, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences
Definition
Transcortical motor aphasia: Disconnection between concept and language production areas
Term
Language production is fluent, language comprehension is impaired, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences
Definition
Lesion in posterior middle temporal gyrus or posterior parietal gyrus
Term
Language production is fluent, language comprehension is impaired, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences
Definition
Transcortical sensory aphasia: Disconnection between ‘concept’ and language comprehension areas
Term
Difficulty in finding and using words, language production is relatively fluent, language comprehension is relatively preserved, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences
Definition
Small lesions in left hemisphere
Term
Difficulty in finding and using words, language production is relatively fluent, language comprehension is relatively preserved, well-preserved repetition of words and sentences
Definition
Anomic aphasia
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