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Legs, Abdomen, Thorax
Anatomy for CRNA students
128
Anatomy
Graduate
07/29/2006

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Cards

Term
innomanate bone
Definition
ilium, ischium, pubis
Term
pelvis
Definition
innomanate + sacrum
Term
what goes through obturator foramen?
Definition
sciatic plexus
Term
pubic symphysis is made of what?
Definition
fibrocartilage
Term
how is the patella different from other long bones?
Definition
it is "non-endochondral";

meaning that it did not start out as cartilage, but is more like the bones of the head and thorax in that it starts as a dermal membrane and then is OSSIFIED.
Term
the Cuboid articulates with which metatarsals?
Definition
5th and 4th
Term
Talus bears the weight of which bone?
Definition
tibia
Term
What are the branches of the femoral artery?
Definition
1. inf. epigastric (which then ascends to anastomose w/ the sup. epigastric A & the int. thoracic A)
2. Superficial epigastric (supplies skin of lower abd)
3. Lat & Med Circ (encircles head of femur)
4. Deep (profundus) femoral
Term
trace dorsal pedis back to heart
Definition
dorsal pedis -> ant.tibial -> popliteal -> (Canal of Hunter) -> femoral -> common iliac -> abdominal aorta ->

(you know the rest)
Term
ant tibial A supplies...?
Definition
dorsal pedis (after passing through the interosseous membrane)
Term
post tib A supplies...?
Definition
plantar
Term
fibular A supplies...?
Definition
lateral crural (peroneal) and heel of foot
Term
first branch of femoral VEIN?
Definition
superficial epigastric
Term
Superficial Epigastric drains what?
Definition
lower abd. wall;

also anastomoses w/ thoracoepigastric vein
Term
SMALL saph V drains...?
Definition
LAT. lower leg
Term
GREAT saph V drains...?
Definition
MED lower leg
Term
sup and inf gluteal NERVES are formed by which ventral rami?
Definition
L4-S2
Term
sciatic nerve makes up which two nerves?
Definition
tibial and common fibular
Term
Remember, when it comes to nerves:

deep=motor, superficial/cutaneous=sensory

fib=LAT tib=MED
Definition
:)
Term
Sup Glute Nerve supplies...?
Definition
motor to glute MED & MIN
Term
Inf Glute Nerve supplies...?
Definition
motor to glute MAX
Term
Glute max: O,I,N
Definition
O: iliac crest and sacrum;
I: iliotibial tract to glute tuberosity (femur);
N: inf glute N
Term
hamstrings are...

their commonality?
Definition
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus;

all have: O:ischial tuberosity
N:Sciatic/tibial
Term
Biceps femoris insertion?
Definition
lat head of fibula
Term
semi tendinosus & membranosus insertion?
Definition
medial epicondyle (tibia)
Term
what's important about the iliotibial tract?
Definition
aponeurosis, insertion pt of glute max, supplies lat strength to quads
Term
glute med OIN
Definition
O:ilium;
I: greater trochanter (femur);
N: sup glute;
Term
piriformis OIN
Definition
O:ant sacrum;
I: greater trochanter (femur);
N: sup glute;

(sciatic N runs under this mm.)
Term
if you give an IM injection to the hip, what muscle are you injecting?
Definition
glute med
Term
tensor fascia latae OIN
Definition
O: iliac crest;
I:iliotibial tract to head of fib;
N:sup glute;


(it's an aponeurosis of the iliotibial tract)
Term
sartorius OIN
Definition
O: sup iliac spine;
I: med epicondyle/tibia;
N: femoral
Term
quad femoris common I & N?
Definition
I: tibial tuberosity;
N: femoral;
Term
Quad femoris 4 heads and their origins?
Definition
lat head: great. trochanter;
med. head: intertrochanteric groove;
rectus femoris: ilium (acetabular groove);
intermediate: femur (ant surface);
Term
borders of femoral triangle
Definition
sup: inguinal ligament;
lat: sartorius (med border);
med: adductor longus (lat border);
floor: iliopsoas & pectineus mm
Term
femoral triangle contains
Definition
femoral NAVL, fem A circumflex, deep fem A
Term
iliopsoas OIN
Definition
O: iliac
I: lesser troch. (femur)
N: femoral

*most powerful flexor of the hip
*along w/ pectineus it makes up floor of fem triangle
Term
what mm. contains the adductor hiatus?
Definition
adductor magnus
Term
Pes Anserinus (goose's foot) is made up of which four mm.?

What is their common insertion?
Definition
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

*I: tibia, med epicondyle

These mm all work to extend the knee


(it is the primary med. protection of the knee)
Term
sartorius O,N:
Definition
O:sup iliac spine
N:femoral
Term
Gracilis O,N:
Definition
O:pubis
N: obturator (branch of sciatic)
Term
popliteal fossa boundaries and contents
Definition
Boundaries: semi-M & semi-T, biceps femoris and (distally) gastroc.;

Contains: popliteal A&V, tibial N, common fib N
Term
adductor magnus OIN
Definition
O:pubis & medial epicondyle of femur;
I: linea aspera;
N:obturator
Term
does the ant tib A & fib A branch from the popliteal A above or below the popliteal mm?
Definition
In MOST cases, they branch some distance apart, but still DISTAL from the popliteal mm.
Term
Venous plexus is what?
Definition
interconnection between great & small saphenous V
Term
Which two mm share a common insertion of the calcaneal tendon?

what is their common innervation?
Definition
gastroc & soleus;

N: tibial
Term
Gastrocnemius origin:
Definition
O: med & lat epicondyle of femur

(has two heads)
Term
Soleus origin:
Definition
O: fibula (post head)
Term
Which mm. is practically useless and commonly removed and used to repair other tendons and ligaments?

what's its O &I?
Definition
plantaris

O:lat epicondyle (femur)
I: calcaneus tendon
Term
what are the three main flexors of the lower leg? what is their common innervation?
Definition
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

N: tibial
Term
flex hallucis longus O,I:
Definition
O: post tib
I: hallux
Term
flex digitorum longus O,I:
Definition
O: post tib
I: 4 lat toes
Term
Tibialis Post O,I:
Definition
O: post tib and fibula
I: calcaneus and navicular bones
Term
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus OIN:
Definition
O:prox fibula
I: 1st metatarsal
N: deep fibular
Term
extensor digitorum longus OIN:
Definition
O: prox tib and fib
I: phalange tendons
N: deep fib
Term
tibialis ant OIN:
Definition
O: prox tib
I: 1st metatarsal
N: deep fib
Term
ext digitorum longus OIN:
Definition
O: prox tib and fib
I: phalanges of toes/ext reticulum
N: deep fib
Term
ext hallucis longus OIN:
Definition
O: prox fib
I: big toe/ext. reticulum
N: deep fib
Term
suprapatellar bursa
Definition
synovial membrane outside (knee) joint proper
Term
lateral meniscus
Definition
fibrocartilage pad that sits on top of tibia and wraps around condyle surface of tibia

(knee joint)
Term
deep infrapatellar bursa
Definition
fluid-filled sac outside synovial joint

(knee joint)
Term
articular capsule (knee joint)
Definition
dense, irregular connective tissue
Term
knee is what type of joint?
Definition
synovial hinge joint made up of articular fibrocartilage (hyaline)
Term
extracollateral ligaments of knee joint protect what?
Definition
cruciate ligaments and menisci
Term
hip is what kind of joint?
Definition
ball and socket with intra- and extracapsulary ligaments
Term
ligamentum arteriosum
Definition
lig. that connects aorta to pulm trunk

in fetal life it was DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, and was used as a R -> L shunt
Term
fossa ovale
Definition
1/2 dollar-sized oval depression on Rt atrium septal wall.

in fetal life it was FORAMEN OVALE, and was used as a R -> L shunt.
Term
what are the three vessels that arise from the aortic BRANCH?
Definition
1. Rt. brachiocephalic*
2. Lt. common carotid
3. Lt. SC

*technically the first branch of the aorta proper would be the R/L coronary arteries.
Term
Hepatic portal vein does what? How is this important from a nursing standpoint?
Definition
it drains venous blood from upper GI tract and from the mesenteric, splenic, and gastric veins & takes this blood straight to liver. This is why nothing ingested (drugs, food, etc.) can be absorbed w/o first traveling through the liver. Also, anything blocking portal will back up into esophageal veins, which will swell & rupture (messy!); will also cause hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
Term
vessels that drain LEFT side of abdomen
Definition
Lumbar V run up from common iliac V and drains abd mm. Near top of abd. cavity it anastomoses w/ IVC.
Term
vessels that drain RIGHT side of abdomen:
Definition
Lumbar V run through diaphragm draining post/lat abd walls. once into abd cavity it becomes azygous V & post. intercostal V. These continue on to SVC.
Term
hemizygous V
Definition
drains L thoracic wall and intercostals to the SVC
Term
First branch off abd aorta is? Which three arteries does it feed?
Definition
Celiac A.

Feeds gastric, splenic, and hepatic arteries.
Term
Why is the thymus gland more superior in young people?
Definition
it is more active; immune system working harder
Term
The bronchi are stiff due to what kind of cartilage?
Definition
hyaline
Term
the trachea begins inferior to the cricoid cartilage and extends to the...?
Definition
tracheal bifurcation (at T4)
Term
the aorta emerges from where?
Definition
LEFT ventricle (and delivers blood to the BODY - remember, the pressure required to do this is what makes the LV musculature so much larger than the RV)
Term
the pulmonary trunk emerges from where?
Definition
the RIGHT ventricle (and delivers blood to the LUNGS)
Term
the LEFT coronary artery feeds into which three arteries?
Definition
Ant. interventricular
L Marginal
L Circumflex
Term
the RIGHT coronary artery feeds into which two arteries?
Definition
R Marginal
R Circumflex
Term
Coronary sinus does what?
Definition
receives the great cardiac vein and drains into the right atria.
Term
the posterior interventricular A is supplied by what?
Definition
right circumflex
Term
the Ant & Post interventricular A anastomose where?
Definition
apex of the heart
Term
chordae tendineae do what?
Definition
support the valves
Term
papillary mm. do what?
Definition
keep the chordae tendineae tense
Term
trabeculae carneae make up what part of the interior of the heart?
Definition
muscular irregular surface
Term
tricuspid valve is located where?
Definition
between the RIGHT atrium and ventricle
Term
mitral/bicuspid valve is located where?
Definition
between the LEFT atrium and ventricle
Term
membranes of the abdominopelvic cavity are outgrowths of what?
Definition
the dorsal mesenteries;

as organs develop they carry with this with them.
Term
transverse mesocolon does what?
Definition
supports colon
Term
mesentery does what?
Definition
supports small intestine
Term
greater omentum provides what?

what does it contain?
Definition
anterior protection of organs;

gastroepiploic A & V
Term
the colon is made up of what 4 parts?

it also contains appendices epiploicae, which are what?
Definition
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid;

app. epip. are "sacculations" or blind sacs. The internet tells me nothing of their use.
Term
paracolic sulci divisions do what>
Definition
segment the musculature of the colon
Term
the taenia coli is what?
Definition
a flattened fibrous band that runs along the midline of the colon
Term
small intestines are made up of what?
Definition
1. the JEJUNUM, which appears more pink in cadavers.
2. the ILEUM, which appears more green/gray b/c of the bile.
Term
The diaphragm is divided into three parts. What are they, and what is their common I & N?
Definition
Sternal, Costal, & Lumbar;

I: central diaphragm tendon
N: phrenic nerve
Term
Sternal diaphragm origin?
Definition
lower sternum
Term
Costal diaphragm origin?
Definition
ribs
Term
lumbar diaphragm origin
Definition
lumbar vertebrae
Term
Blood from the GI tract returns via the HEPATIC PORTAL system. Name five particpating veins.
Definition
inf. & sup. mesenteric,
splenic,
pancreaticoduodenal,
gastric,
Term
Gastroepiploic A&V supplies what?

How many are there in the greater omentum?
Definition
greater curvature (stomach)

15
Term
sup. mesenteric A supplies what?
Definition
small intestines and proximal colon
Term
inf. mesenteric A supplies what?
Definition
descending colon
Term
gastric A supply what?
Definition
lesser curvature (stomach)
Term
the Sup Mesenteric A branches in the mesentery to the small intestines to form which two arteries?
Definition
jejunal & ileal arteries
Term
transverse colon is vascularized by...?
Definition
colic A & V (branches of the sup mesenteric A & V)
Term
Duodenum lies where?
Definition
outside the parietal peritoneum (NOT within the abdominal cavity)
Term
The liver is divided into 4 lobes, what are they?
Definition
Ant: right & left lobes
Post: caudata and quadrate lobes
Term
what three ligaments support the liver?
Definition
coronary, falciform, and round
Term
the coronary ligament is...
Definition
...inferior to the heart and encircles the CAUDATE lobe of the liver
Term
the falciform ligament...
Definition
...divides the RIGHT & LEFT lobes of the liver.
Term
the round ligament is...
Definition
...within the falciform ligament and is a remnant of the umbilical vein of the embryo. It travels on the inner surface of the abdominal wall to the umbilicus.
Term
What separates the caudate lobe from the bare area of the liver?
Definition
IVC
Term
What bounds the quadrate lobe?
Definition
gall bladder, hepatic artery, and falciform ligament
Term
Lumbar A supplies what?
Definition
Lumbar mm. & spinal A.
Term
Gonadal arteries, a clarification:

Rt side: Gonadal comes off Renal A (which branches from Abd. Aorta)
Lt side: Gonadal comes off Abd. Aorta

(our slide didn't make much sense, so this is some of the info I got from the internet)
Definition
:)
Term
lesser omentum does what?
Definition
connects the lesser curvature (stomach) and the liver
Term
What are three main differences between the R & L lung?
Definition
1. R lung has three lobes (L has two)
2. L lung receives unbranched bronchi , while the R lung receives branched, more superior, bronchi
3. L lung has cardiac NOTCH (not to be confused with cardiac impression, which both lungs have)
Term
Sciatic N runs between which two mm?
Definition
Piriformis (above) and oburator (below)
Term
trace the course of the common fibular NERVE
Definition
travels round the head of the FIBULA and the lateral epicondyle of the TIBIA. It then continues on to the posterior CRURAL and pedis areas (you know, the FEET).
Term
trace the course of the tibial NERVE
Definition
it extends to the POPLITEAL area and the SURAL mm.
Term
Sympathetic Chain Ganglia
Definition
*Visible on POSTERIOR body wall

*3 divisions: celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric
Term
Posterior Intercostal N
Definition
extends through intercostal mm
Term
Gluteal Vasculature: 3 groups
Definition
1. Superior Gluteal A&V
2. Inferior Gluteal A&V
(these two lie on top of glute min)
3. Med. femoral Circumflex (It is the LAT circ that is visible in the femoral triangle). This lies under quad. femoris
Term
The deep femoral A provides Perforating A to the...
Definition
...adductor mm & hamstring mm
Term
Where does the great saphenous V branch from the femoral V?
Definition
femoral triangle
Term
What are the three layers of pleura?

(hint: they are named based on their location)
Definition
1. mediastinal
2. parietal (costal)
3. diaphragmatic
Term
Reminder: The phrenic nerve was seen (in our last test) in association with what muscle?
Definition
Scalenus
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