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Leg and Ankle
Rinaldi 2/15/11
69
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
02/09/2011

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Cards

Term
plane synovial joint (ocassionaly continuous with the femoral joint cavity
Definition
what kind of joint is the superior part of the tibiofibular joint?
Term
syndesmosis->bones are held together with the IOM
Definition
what kind of joint is the inferior part of the tibiofibular joint?
Term
it keeps the distal tibia and fibula together and forms the socket part of the ankle joint (that articulates with the talus)
Definition
what is the IOM important
Term
9
(biceps from above + 8 below:
1)soleus
2)peroneus longus
3)peroneus brevis
4)peroneus tertius
5)tibialis posterior
6)extensor digitorum longus
7)flexor hallucis longus
8)extensor hallucis longus
Definition
how many muscles attach to the fibula?
Term
downward, it's the direction of the muscle force
Definition
what direction do the fibers of the IOM go? why?
Term
hinge joint between talus and distal tibia/fibula

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
Definition
what kind of joint is the ankle joint? what movements does this allow?
Term
they attach the tibia and fibula to the calcaneus on the lateral and medial sides of the joint (hinge joint)
Definition
where do most of the strongest ankle ligaments attach?
Term
posterior tibiofibular ligament
Definition
ligament that helps prevent the tibia and fibula from sliding forward on the talus during toe-off
Term
anteriorly
Definition
is the articular surface of the talus wider anteriorly or posteriorly?
Term
the syndesmosis
Definition
when a fibular fracture is at or above the level of the syndesmosis(of posterior tibiofibular joint), what can also be torn?
Term
lateral malleolus
Definition
forced inversion causes what to break?
Term
below
Definition
if your distal fibula fractures, where would you want it to fracture in relation to the posterior tibiofibular syndesmosis?
Term
a widened space between the lateral malleolus and the talus
Definition
what is seen in the x-ray with a fracture above or through the posterior tibiofibular ligament?
Term
collateral ligaments
Definition
most important ligaments of the ankle joint
Term
1)anterior talofibular
2)posterior talofibular
3)calcaneofibular
Definition
what 3 ligaments make up the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle?
Term
deltoid ligament
Definition
what is the medial collateral ligament?
Term
anterior talofibular ligament
Definition
what ligament is commonly involved in sprain injuries caused by forced inversion?
Term
subtalar & talocalcaneonavilcular joint
Definition
What joints to eversion and inversion of the foot occur at?
Term
talus and calcaneus
Definition
what two bones is the subtalar joint between?
Term
head of talus = ball
navicular + calcaneus = socket
spring ligament
Definition
what 3 bones(+ ligament) make up the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
Term
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
Definition
what is the other name of the spring ligament?
Term
between the sustentaculum tali and tuberosity of the navicular bone (supports head of talus)
Definition
where is the spring ligament?
Term
Spring ligament/ plantar calcaneonavicular
Definition
what ligament does the talus rest on?
Term
talocalcaneonavicular + calcaneocuboid joints

= Chopart's joint
Definition
what is the transverse tarsal joint?
Term
2 (2 separate joints)
Definition
How many synovial cavities are in Chopart's joint?
Term
Chopart's joint
Definition
what is the site of an obsolete surgical amputation of the foot?
Term
lose Eversion and Inversion (this joint is the major place that occurs) = serious handicap
Definition
Why is Chopart's joint no longer used as an amputation site?
Term
anterior, lateral, posterior
Definition
What are the 3 fascial compartments of the leg?
Term
transverse intermuscular septum divides deep and superficial posterior compartment
Definition
What divides the posterior compartment of the leg?
Term
because fascia and intermuscular septum are especially strong in the leg

-cause by swelling in a "compartment" of the leg -> restricted blood supply (& nerve = pain)-> surgical emergency fasciotomy
Definition
Why is the leg particularly suceptible to compartment syndrome? (what causes this?)
Term
1)tibialis anterior 2)extensor hallucis longus 3)extensor digitorum longus 4)peronius tertius
Definition
list the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
Term
Deep peroneal nerve
Definition
what nerve innervates the anterior compartment?
Term
1)Peroneus longus
2)Peroneus brevis
Definition
List the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
Term
Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Definition
what nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?
Term
1)Gastrocnemius
2)plantaris
3)soleus
4) Popliteus
5)Flexor digitorum longus
6) flexor hallucis longus
7) tibialis posterior
Definition
List the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg
Term
Tibial Nerve
Definition
What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?
Term
in humans it migrated to the instep allowing for a human gait (monkeys walk on the outside of their feet and supinate)
Definition
what is special about peroneus longus compared to primates?
Term
extensor digitorum brevis
Definition
what muscle does not usually have a counterpart in the hand?
Term
gastrocnemius
Definition
what is the most superficial muscle in the posterior leg?
Term
triceps surae
Definition
the superficial muscles of the posterior leg are also known as ______ due to their same function
Term
gastrocnemius and soleus
Definition
93% of plantar flexion is due to which muscles?
Term
tibialis's invert, peroneals evert
Definition
tibialis muscles ____ opposing peroneal muscles that _______
Term
posterior side, tibial malleolus to calcaneus
Definition
where is the flexor retinaculum on the foot?
Term
above the "ankle" malleolus, anterior side from fibula to tibia
Definition
where is the superior extensor retinaculum(aka transverse crural ligament)?
Term
tendons of Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor hallucis longus, Peronæus tertius, and Tibialis anterior
Definition
what is held down by the superior extensor retinaculum ?
Term
Y shaped ligament on anterior side (dorsum of foot)

runs from the medial malleolus (and plantar aponeruorsis) to the calcaneus
Definition
where is the inferior extensor retinaculum (cruciate crural ligament)?
Term
(runs from lateral malleolus to lateral calcaneus?) on the lateral side of the foot

binds peroneal longus and brevis tendons
Definition
where is the inferior peroneal retinaculum? what does it bind down?
Term
excessive fricton from long distance running, basketball, or tennis (jumping) anything that uses the calcaneal tendon actively
Definition
what causes the deep calcaneal bursa to become irritated?
Term
friction between shoes and the calcaneal tuberosity
Definition
what causes the superficial calcaneal bursa to become irritated?
Term
flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, tibialis posterior (also posterior tibal artery and vein + tibial nerve)
Definition
what tendons lie in the Tarsal Tunnel? what else is in the tunnel?
Term
superiolateral: biceps femoris
superiomedial: semimembranous
inferolateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius
inferomedial: medial head of gastrocnemius
floor: popliteus and femur
roof: deep fascia
Definition
what are the borders of the popliteal fossa?
Term
1)small saphenous vein
2)popliteal A&V + lymph nodes
3)genicular A&V
4)tibial N, common peroneal N, sural N
Definition
what are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Term
Sural N.
Definition
What nerve is used for nerve grafts because it is long and has unimportant, small sensory function (no motor)?
Term
1)Popliteal Artery (geniculars come off this)
2)Popliteal vein (geniculars off this)
3)Tibial Nerve
4)common peroneal Nerve
5) roof has small sapnenous + sural N.

Lymph nodes are buried in the fat apparently
Definition
deepest structure of the popliteal fossa? Next deepest? Next? go through all of them
Term
common peroneal
Definition
nerve that runs laterally in the popliteal fossa then around the neck of the fibula
Term
sural nerve
Definition
what nerve runs alongside the small saphenous vein fromthe calf downward?
Term
genicular arteries
Definition
what structures come off of the popliteal artery in the cubital fossa?
Term
anterior and posterior tibial artery at inf border of popliteus
Definition
what does the popliteal artery split into (major splits)? where?
Term
medial and lateral plantar arteries distal to the flexor retinaculum

also makes a branch: peroneal(fibular) artery right below the knee
Definition
what does the posterior tibial artery become? where?
Term
doesn't split, becomes the dorsalis pedis distal to extensor retinaculum
Definition
what does the anterior tibial artery split into? where?
Term
anterior tibial artery
Definition
what vessel supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Term
posterior tibial does both

peroneal(a branch of post tibial) does just lateral
Definition
what vessel supplies the posterior and lateral compartments of the leg?
Term
popliteal fossa
Definition
where do the peroneal and tibial components of the sciatic nerve separate?
Term
lateral
Definition
what compartment is supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve?
Term
superficial peroneal
Definition
what nerve is vulnerable to injury due to its superficial location?
Term
deep peroneal
Definition
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Term
between heads of gastrocnemius
Definition
Where does the tibial nerve pass between as it travels from the popliteal fossa to the posterior compartment?
Term
posterior tibial artery, pass deep to soleus (on the other side of the transverse intermuscular septum)
Definition
What does the tibial nerve travel with in the posterior compartment? What muscle is it deep to?
Term
medial and lateral plantar nerves
-posteriorinferior to the medial malleolus
Definition
What does the tibial nerve branch into? where?
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