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Lecture test #3
questions 1-50
52
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/23/2010

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Cards

Term
severence of the ventral root of a spinal nerve result in what?
Definition
You will lose motor function
Term
What nerves are involved in a gentle caress?
Definition
tactile (Merkel) disc
Term
What nerves are involved with a gluteal injection?
Definition
The sciatica nerve
Term
What can cause an imbalance and nerve trauma?
Definition
lesions of the cochlear nerve or cochlear receptors can cause nerve trauma and damage to vestibular division can produce dizziness, loss of balance.
Term
What is transduction of the nerve impulses?
Definition
It is the conversion of the energy of a stimulus into an electrical event.
Term
What kind of nerve is the Olfactory nerve? And what is it's number?
Definition
These are tiny sensory nerves(filaments) of smell. It is number I.
Term
What kind of nerve is the Optic nerve? And what number is it?
Definition
This is a sensory nerve of vision. This nerve number is: II.
Term
What kind of nerve is the Oculomotor nerve? And what number is it?
Definition
The "eye mover" This nerve supplies four of the six extrinsic muscles that move teh eyeball in orbit. This nerve number is: III.
Term
Name the nerve impulses carried toward the CNS
Definition
Mixed nerves and sensory (afferent) nerves
Term
What kind of nerve is the Trochlear nerve? What number is this nerve?
Definition
The name trochlear means "pulley" and it innervates an extrinsic eye muscle that loops through a pulley-shaped ligament in the orbit. This nerve number is: IV.
Term

What kind of nerve is the Trigeminal nerve? What number is this nerve?

 

Definition
Three (tri) branches spring from this, the largest of the cranial nerves. It supples sensory fibers to the face and motor fibers to the chewing muscles. This nerve number is: V.
Term
What kind of nerve is the Abducens nerve? What number is this nerve?
Definition
This nerve controls the extrinsic eye muscle that abducts the eyeball (turns it laterally).
Term
What kind of nerve is the Facial nerve? What number is this nerve?
Definition
A large nerve that innervates muscles of facial expression (among other things.)The number of this nerve is: VII.
Term

Name the reflexes for muscle change.

 

Definition
Golgi tendon reflexes, flexor (withdrawl) reflex, crossed-extensor reflex, plantar reflex, abdominal reflex, superficial reflex, reciprocal activation, and Babinski's sign.
Term
What kind of nerve is the Vestibulocochlear? What number is this nerve?
Definition
This sensory nerve for hearing and blance was formerly called the auditory nerve. The number of this nerve is: VIII.
Term
What kind of nerve is the Glossopharnygeal nerve? What number is this nerve?
Definition
The name glossopharyngeal means "tongue and pharynx," and reveals the structures that his nerve helps to innervate. The number of this nerve is: IX.
Term
What kind of nerve is the Vagus nerve? What number is this nerve?
Definition
This nerve's name means "wanderer" or "vegabond" and it is the only cranial nerve to extend beyond the head and neck to the thorax and abdomen. The number of this nerve is: X.
Term
What kind of nerve is the Accessory Nerve? What number is this nerve?
Definition
Considered an accessory part of the vagus nerve, this nerve was formerly called the spinal accessory nerve. This nerve number is: XI.
Term
What kind of nerve is the Hypoglossal nerve? What number is this nerve?
Definition
The name hypoglossal means under the tongue. This nerve runs inferior to the tongue and innervates the tongue muscles. This nerve number is: XII.
Term
Olfactory Nerve
Definition
Sensory function
Term
Optic Nerve
Definition
Sensory function
Term
Optic Nerve
Definition
Motor function and Parasympathetic fibers
Term
Oculomotor Nerves
Definition
Motor functions and parasympathetic fibers
Term
Trochlear nerve
Definition
Motor function and parasympathetic fibers
Term
Trigeminal Nerve
Definition
sensory and motor function
Term
Abducens nerve
Definition
Motor functions
Term
Facial nerve
Definition
sensory and motor functions, and parasympathetic fibers
Term
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Definition
sensory function, some motor function
Term
What is the Patellar or knee-jerk reflex?
Definition
This is a stretch reflex that helps keep your knees from buckling when you are standing upright. As your knees begin to buckle the quadriceps to contract without your having to think about it.
Term
Glossopharyngeal nerves
Definition
sensory function, Motor function and parasympathetic fibers
Term
Vagus nerve
Definition
motora and sensory functions, and parasympathetic fibers
Term
Acccessory nerve
Definition
Motor function
Term
Hypoglossal nerve
Definition
Motor function
Term
What is the sequence of a simple spinal reflex arc?
Definition
1.) Receptor 2.) Sensory neuron 3.) Integration center 4.) Motor neuron 5.) Effector
Term
Interceptors
Definition
these are also called the viceroceptors, respond to stimuli withing the body (intero=inside). They monitor a variety of stimuli, including chemical changes, tissue stretch, and temperature. Sometimes their activity causes us to feel pain, discomfort, hunger, or thrist. We are usually unaware of their workings.
Term
Extroceptors
Definition
these are sensitive to stimuli arising our the body. So most exteroceptors are near or at the body surface. This includes touch, pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin and most receptors of the special senses.
Term
Proprioceptors
Definition
These are like interoceptors, they respond to internal stimuli; however, their location is much more restricted. These occur in the skeletal muscles, tendon, joints, and ligaments and in connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles. This receptors  advise our brain of our body movements.
Term
What are the 5 essential components for a reflex arc?
Definition

1.) Receptors- Site of the stimulus aciton

2.) Sensory neuron- Transmits afferent impulses to the CNS.

3.) Integration center- In simple reflex arcs, the intergration center may be a single synapse between a sensory neuron and motor neuron.

4.) Motor neuron-Conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector organ.

5.) Effector- Muscle fiber or gland cell that respondsto the efferent impulses(by contracting or secreting.)

Term
Mechanoreceptors
Definition
respond to mechanical force such as touch, pressure (including blood pressure), vibration, and stretch
Term
Thermoreceptors
Definition
these are sensitive to temperature changes.
Term
Photoreceptors
Definition
such as those of the retina of the eye, respond to light energy
Term
Chemoreceptors
Definition
Respond to chemicals in solution(molecules smelled or tasted, or changes in blood or intersitial fluid chemistry).
Term
Nociceptors
Definition
Respond to potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain. For example, searing heat, extreme cold, exessive pressure, and inflammatory chemicals are all interpreted as painful. These signals stimulate subtypes of thermoreceptors, mechanreceptors, and chemoreceptors.
Term
How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?
Definition
31 spinal nerves
Term
Which cranial nerves extend beyond the head and neck?
Definition
the vagus nerves
Term
What are the dermatomes in relation to sensory innervations and the spinal cord nerves?
Definition
the dermatomes are the areas of sensory innervation on the skin for each spinal nerve.
Term
T/F : Dorsal and ventral rami both contain sensory and motor fibers.
Definition
True.
Term
Where does the obturator nerve branch from?
Definition
this enters the medial thigh via the obturator foramen and innervates the adductor muscles.
Term
Integration of emotions and ANS reactions takes place in what areas of the brain?
Definition

Cerebral cortex=frontal lobe

Limbic system= emotional input

Hypothalamus= Overall integration of ANS, "the boss"

Brain Stem= Regulation of pupil size, respiration, heart, blood pressure, swallowing, etc.

Term
What is the parasympathetic division?
Definition
The division of the autonomic nervous system that oversees digestion, elimination, and glandular function; the resting and digesting subdivision.
Term
what is the sympathetic division?
Definition
The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity or to cope with some stressor (danger, excitement, etc.) the fight, and flight subdivision.
Term
Where are the locations of the neurons of the cranial parasympahtetic?
Definition

1.) Oculomotor nerves (III)

2.) Facial nerves

3.) Glossopharyngeal nerves

4.)Vagus nerves (X)

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