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Lecture test
Chpt 26
21
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/24/2010

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Cards

Term
Which of the following accounts for the most water loss, second only to urine output?
Definition
. Insensible perspiration
Term
The two main fluid compartments within the body are _________ and _________.
Definition
. intracellular fluid; extracellular fluid
Term
The most abundant cation of the ECF is _______ and the most abundant anion in the ECF is _______.
Definition
Na+; Cl–
Term
Which is the most potent stimulus for thirst?
Definition
An increase in plasma osmolarity
Term
You were thirsty and drank a full glass of water only to have your thirst return an hour later. This is because:
Definition
distension of the stomach temporarily inhibits the thirst center.
Term
When ADH levels are low, the kidneys produce _________ urine.
Definition
dilute
Term
An overheated marathon runner accepts cups of plain water at each refreshment area. When the race ends, the runner is very disoriented and collapses. What is the best explanation for her condition?
Definition
The runner is suffering from hypotonic hydration and her cell fluids are overdiluted.
Term
What might be a probable explanation for an intense craving for heavily salted food?
Definition
Addison’s disease, in which insufficient aldosterone is available to reabsorb NaCl from the filtrate
Term
Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between the sodium content of fluids and water movement?
Definition
water follows salt
Term
Which two hormones are essential for reabsorption of water at the collecting duct?
Definition
Aldosterone and ADH
Term
Blood sodium levels are indirectly assessed by __________.
Definition
baroreceptors
Term
The _______ contains the largest percentage of water in the body.
Definition
. intracellular fluid
Term
You would expect blood levels of ANP to increase when __________.
Definition
blood pressure is increased
blood Na+ is elevated
the walls of the atria are stretched
all of the above occur
Term
A patient suffering from hyperthyroidism may experience heart malfunction. Consequently, this patient must also tightly regulate his potassium intake. Which of the following is the best explanation for why he must carefully watch dietary potassium?
Definition
Both hyper- and hypokalemia can disrupt electrical conduction in the heart.
Term
PTH affects calcium blood levels via which of the following mechanisms?
Definition
All of the above are ways PTH affects calcium blood levels
Term
Which of the following is the initial H+ regulatory mechanism in the body?
Definition
Chemical buffers
Term
Which of the following is the major ECF buffer system in the body?
Definition
Bicarbonate buffer system
Term
Which of the following is the major ECF buffer system in the body?
Definition
Bicarbonate buffer system
Term
How might the pH of the intracellular fluid change when cells increase their rate of metabolism?
Definition
The pH would decrease.
Term
If the blood pH lowers, what change would you expect from the respiratory system?
Definition
The respiration rate would increase.
Term
In the collecting ducts, bicarbonate ions are generated by_______ cells, while ________ cells secrete bicarbonate ions.
Definition
Type A; Type B
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