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even MORE muscles
236
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
04/10/2011

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Term
name the muscles of the posterior forearm
Definition
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum communis
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
supinator
Term
what is the origin of the brachioradialis
Definition
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Term
insertion of brachioradialis
Definition
lateral side of styloid process of radius
Term
action of brachioradialis
Definition
flexion of forearm
assist in pronation of forearm
assist in supination of forearm
Term
innervation of brachioradialis
Definition
radial nerve
Term
origin of extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Term
insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
dorsal base of the second metacarpal bone
Term
action of extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
extend wrist
abduct hand
Term
innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus
Definition
radial nerve
Term
origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
lateral epicondyle of humerus and radial collateral ligament
Term
insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
dorsal base of third metacarpal bone
Term
action of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
extend wrist
abduct hand
Term
innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Definition
radial nerve
Term
origin of extensor digitorum communis
Definition
lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
insertion of extensor digitorum communis
Definition
four tendons that insert into the base of the middle and distal phalanges of index, middle, ring, and little fingers.
Term
action of extensor digitorum communis
Definition
extend digits 2-5 DIP PIP MP
extend wrist
Term
innervation of extensor digitorum communis
Definition
radial nerve
Term
origin of extersor digiti minimi
Definition
lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
insertion of extersor digiti minimi
Definition
dorsum of proximal phalanx 5th digit
Term
action of extersor digiti minimi
Definition
extend 5th digit DIP PIP MP
Term
innervation of extersor digiti minimi
Definition
radial nerve
Term
origin of extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
Term
insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
base of 5th metacarpal bone medial side
Term
action of extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
extend wrist
adduct hand
Term
innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
radial nerve
Term
origin of abductor pollicis longus
Definition
middle 1/3 of posterior surface of ulna and middle 1/3 of radius and intervening interosseous membrane
Term
insertion of abductor pollicis longus
Definition
radial surface of base of first metacarpal
Term
action of abductor pollicis longus
Definition
abduct and extend 1st digit CMC
assist in abduction of wrist
Term
innervation abductor pollicis longus
Definition
radial nerve
Term
origin of extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
middle 1/3 of the posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Term
insertion of extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
posterior base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Term
action of extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
extend the 1st digit at MP and CMC
assist in abduction of wrist
Term
innervation of extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
radial nerve
Term
origin of extensor pollicis longus
Definition
posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and adjoining interosseous membrane
Term
insertion of extensor pollicis longus
Definition
posterior base of distal phalanx of thumb
Term
action of extensor pollicis longus
Definition
extend 1st digit at CMC PIP DIP MP
assist in abduction of wrist
Term
innervation of extensor pollicis longus
Definition
radial nerve
Term
origin of extensor indicis
Definition
posterior inferior 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
Term
insertion of extensor indicis
Definition
dorsum of proximal phalanx of index finger
Term
action of extensor indicis
Definition
extend 2nd digit DIP PIP MP
very weak extension of wrist
Term
innervation of extensor indicis
Definition
radial nerve
Term
origin of supinator
Definition
lateral epicondyle of humerus and proximal ulna
Term
insertion of supinator
Definition
lateral and anterior surface of shaft of radius-upper 1/3 and radial neck
Term
actions of supinator
Definition
supinate hand especially when arm is extended
Term
what muscles of the posterior forearm have an origin at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Definition
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum communis
extensor digit minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
supinator
Term
what muscles of the posterior forearm extend the wrist
Definition
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum communis
extensor carpi ulnaris
barely extensor indicis
Term
what is the innervation of all posterior forearm muscles
Definition
radial nerve
Term
what posterior forearm muscles abduct the hand
Definition
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis

these assist
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
Term
why does the supinator supinate the hand best when the arm is extended
Definition
because the biceps brachii is not able to suppinate
Term
what is the muscle named on the dorsal hand?
Definition
dorsal interossei
Term
how many muscles bellies does the dorsal interossei have
Definition
3
Term
origin of dorsal interossei
Definition
two heads from adjacent sids of the metacarpals
Term
insertion of the dorsal interossei
Definition
extensor expansion
Term
where do the 4 muscle bellies attach of dorsal interossei
Definition
1. radial side of index finger
2. radial side of middle finger
3. ulna side of middle finger
4. ulna side of ring finger
Term
action of dorsal interossei
Definition
abducts digits 2-4
flex MP joints
extends digits 2-4 IP joints
Term
innervation of dorsal interossei
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
name the three muscles of the thenar region
Definition
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
Term
action of the thenar group muscles
Definition
adduct 1st digit (CMC)
flexes 1st digit (CMC MP)
opposition
Term
innervation of the thenar group muscles
Definition
median nerve
Term
origin of the adductor pollicis
Definition
oblique= trapezoid, capitate bone and from base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

transverse= anterior surface third metacarpal bone
Term
insertion of adductor pollicis
Definition
base of proximal phalanx of thumb, ulnar side
Term
action of adductor pollicis
Definition
adducts 1st digits CMC
flexion of 1st digit MP
Term
innervvation of adductor pollicis
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
name the muscles in the hypothenar group
Definition
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi
Term
actions of the hypothenar group
Definition
abduct 5th MP
flexes 5th MP
opposition CMC
Term
innervation of hypothenar group
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
name the muscles of the midpalmar region
Definition
lumbricals
palmar interossei
palmaris brevis
Term
origin of lumbricals
Definition
four tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Term
insertion of the lumbricals
Definition
tendon inserts on radial side of the extensor tendon of digits 2-5 at base of proximal phalanx
Term
action of lumbricals
Definition
flex MP join
extend IP of 2-5
Term
innervation of lumbricals
Definition
first two=median nerve

second two= ulnar nerve
Term
origin of palmar interossei
Definition
ulna side of 2nd metacarpal bone, radial side of 4th and 5th metacarpals
Term
insertion of the palmar interossei
Definition
bases of the proximal phalanges and the extensor expansions of digits 2, 4 and 5
Term
action of palmar interossei
Definition
adducts digits 2, 4, 5
flex MP
extend IP 2 4 5
Term
innervation of palmar interossei
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
origin of palmaris brevis
Definition
ulnar side of transverse carpal ligament, palmar aponeurosis
Term
insertion of palmaris brevis
Definition
skin on ulnar border of hand
Term
action of palmaris brevis
Definition
steadies and wrinkles skin on ulnar side of palm
Term
innervation of palmaris brevis
Definition
ulnar nerve
Term
name the muscles of the superficial back
Definition
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
serratus anterior
Term
origin of trapezius
Definition
superior nuchal line, the external occipital protuberance, the ligamentum nuchae and the spines of the 7th cervical vertebra and all thoracic vertebrae
Term
insertion of trapezius
Definition
lateral third of clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula
Term
action of trapezius
Definition
retraction of scapula
upward rotation of scapula
elevate scapula
extend head and neck
laterally flex head and neck
Term
innervation of trapezius
Definition
accessory nerve (Cn XI). and cervical spinal nerves 3 and 4
Term
origin of latissimus dorsi
Definition
spines of thoracic vertebrae 7-12. thoracolumbar fascia, crest of ilium, and ribs 9-12
Term
insertion of latissimus dorsi
Definition
floor of the bicipital groove of the humerus
Term
action of latissimus dorsi
Definition
adduct humerus
extend humerus
medially rotate humerus
Term
innervation of latissimus dorsi
Definition
thoracodorsal nerve
Term
innervation of latissimus dorsi
Definition
thoracodorsal nerve
Term
origin of levator scapulae
Definition
transverse processi of the first four cervical vertebrae
Term
insertion of levator scapulae
Definition
vertebral border and superior angle of the scapula
Term
action of levator scapulae
Definition
elevate scapula
laterally flex and rotate neck to same side
Term
innervation of levator scapulae
Definition
cervical nerves 3 and 4 and dorsal scapular nerve
Term
origin of the rhomboid major
Definition
t2-t5 spinous processi and supraspinous ligament
Term
insertion of rhomboid major
Definition
medial border of scapula adjacent to infraspinous fossa
Term
action of rhomboid major
Definition
retract scapula
downward rotation of scapula
Term
innervation of rhomboid major
Definition
dorsal scapular nerve
Term
origin of rhomboid minor
Definition
ligamentum nuchae and c7 and T1 spinous processi
Term
insertion of rhomboid minor
Definition
medial border of scapula adjacent the spine
Term
action of rhomboid minor
Definition
retract scapula
downward rotation of scapula
Term
innervation of rhomboid minor
Definition
dorsal scapular nerve
Term
origin of serratus anterior
Definition
external surface of upper nine ribs, anterolaterally
Term
insertion of serratus anterior
Definition
anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Term
action of serratus anterior
Definition
protract scapula
Term
innervation of serratus anterior
Definition
long thoracic nerve
Term
what are the triangles of the back
Definition
triangle of auscultation

lumbar triangle
Term
what forms the triangle of auscultation
Definition
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
and medial border of scapula
Term
what forms the lumbar triangle
Definition
latissimus dorsi
external abdominis oblique and iliac crest
Term
what are the major components of the erector spinae muscle group
Definition
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
Term
what groups are the iliocostalis muscles divided into
Definition
cervicis
thoracis
lumborum
Term
what are the longissimus muscles divided into
Definition
capitis
cervicis
thoracis
Term
what are the spinalis muscles divided into
Definition
capitis
cervicis
thoracis
Term
action of the erector spinae muscle groups
Definition
extend and laterally flex vertebral column
Term
innervation of erector spinae muscles
Definition
spinal nerves within the region
Term
origin of the multifidus
Definition
inferolateral, deep back
Term
insertior of multifidus
Definition
superomedial of deep back
Term
action of multifidus
Definition
vertebral column stabilizer
laterally flex VC
extend and rotate vc to opposite side
Term
innervation of multifidus
Definition
posterior rami of all spinal nerves within region of the muscle
Term
origin of supraspinatus
Definition
medial 2/3 of the supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Term
insertion of supraspinatus
Definition
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Term
action of supraspinatus
Definition
laterally rotate humerus
stabilize glenohumeral joint
Term
innervation of supraspinatus
Definition
suprascapular nerve
Term
origin of infraspinatus
Definition
meidal 3/4 of infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Term
insertion of infraspinatus
Definition
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Term
action of infraspinatus
Definition
laterally rotate humerus
stabilize glenohumeral joint
Term
innervation of infraspinatus
Definition
suprascapular nerve
Term
origin of teres minor
Definition
upper 2/3 of posterior surface of lateral border of scapula
Term
insertion of teres minor
Definition
inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Term
action of teres minor
Definition
rotate humerus laterally
stabilize glenohumeral joint
Term
innervation of teres minor
Definition
branch of axillary nerve
Term
origin of teres major
Definition
lower 1/3 of posterior surface of lateral border of scapula and inferior angle
Term
insertion of teres major
Definition
medial lip of the bicipital groove of humerus
Term
action of teres major
Definition
medially rotate humerus
adduct humerus
extend humerus
Term
innervation of teres major
Definition
lower subscapular nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus
Term
origin of subscapularis
Definition
subscapular fossa on ventral surface of scapula
Term
insertion of subscapularis
Definition
lesser tubercle of humerus
Term
action of subscapularis
Definition
medially rotate humerus
stabilize glenohumeral joint
Term
innervation of subscapularis
Definition
upper and lower subscapular nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus
Term
what are the muscles of the rotator cuff
Definition
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
Term
what is the one muscle of the shoulder that is not part of the rotator cuff
Definition
teres major
Term
what muscle of the rotator cuff does not rotate
Definition
supraspinatus muscle
Term
what muscles of the rotator cuff laterally rotate
Definition
infraspinatus and teres minor
Term
what muscles of the rotator cuff medially roate
Definition
subscapulairs muscle
Term
what kind of blood does the aorta carry
Definition
oxygenated
Term
where does the aorta carry blood to
Definition
all of the cells of the body
Term
gives off branches to coronary blood flow
Definition
ascending aorta
Term
has 3 major arteries coming off of it
Definition
arch of the aorta
Term
what are the three branches off of the aortic arch, from right to left
Definition
brachiocephalic
left common carotid
left subclavian
Term
what are the two branches of the brachiocephalic actery
Definition
right common carotid
right subclavian
Term
what does the right common carotid artery subdivide into
Definition
internal and external carotid arteries
Term
which direction does the brachiocephalic artery branch
Definition
to the right
Term
where does the right common carotid artery extend
Definition
to the right side of the neck and head
Term
what forms the Circle of Willis
Definition
internal carotids and vertebral arteries
Term
where is the circle of willis
Definition
on the brainstem
Term
what feeds to the singular basilar artery
Definition
vertebral arteries
Term
what becomes the middle cerebral arteries
Definition
internal carotids
Term
what are the internal carotid artery branches
Definition
ophthalmic artery
anterior communicating to anterior cerebral artery
posterior communicating artery
Term
what feeds the posterior cerebral and basilar artery
Definition
posterior communicating artery
Term
what are some of the branches of the basilar artery
Definition
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
posterior cerebellar artery
Term
what forms the anterior spinal artery
Definition
both vertebral arteries
Term
where does the right subclavian artery carry blood
Definition
to the right upper extremity
Term
what are the branches of the right subclavian
Definition
vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
Term
as the right subclavian artery continues, it becomes_______ and then become ______
Definition
axillary artery
then the brachial artery
Term
what does the brachial artery bifurcate into
Definition
radial artery
ulnar artery
Term
when the radial and ulnar arteries rejoin they form what
Definition
deep and superficial palmar arches
Term
where do the radial and ulnar wrists rejoin
Definition
at the wrist
Term
what does the deep and superficial arches branch off into
Definition
digital arteries
Term
where does the left common carotid artery go to
Definition
the left side of the neck and head
Term
what does the left common carotid artery divide into
Definition
internal and external carotid arteries
Term
where does the subclavian artery carry blood
Definition
to the left upper extremity
Term
what are the two branches of the left subclavian
Definition
vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
Term
as the right subclavian artery continues, it becomes_______ and then become ______
Definition
axillary
brachial
Term
what comes off of the thoracic aorta
Definition
bronchial arteries
esophageal arteries
intercostal arteries
phrenic arteries
Term
what arteries are in the lungs and bronchii
Definition
bronchial arteries
Term
what arteries are in the esophagus
Definition
esophageal arteries
Term
what arteries are in the intercostal muscles
Definition
intercostal arteries
Term
what arteries are in the diaphragm
Definition
phrenic arteries
Term
what are the 7 branches of the abdominal artery
Definition
celiac truck
superior mesenteric artery
renal arteries
suprarenal arteries
testicular/ovarian arteries
inferior mesenteric artery
left and right common iliac artery
Term
what are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk
Definition
splenic -spleen
gastric - stomach
hepatic - liver
Term
what are the 6 branches of the superior mesenteric artery
Definition
pancreas
small intestine
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
Term
where do the renal arteries go to
Definition
kidneys
Term
where do the suprarenal arteries go to
Definition
adrenal glands
Term
where do the testicular/ovarian arteries go to
Definition
reproductive glands
Term
where does the inferior mesenteric artery go to
Definition
descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
Term
what does the external iliac artery split into
Definition
femoral
popliteal
posterior tibial
anterior tibial
fibular
Term
what does the interal iliac artery split into
Definition
superior vesicle
inferior vesicle
superior gluteal
inferior gluteal
middle rectal
internal pudendal
obturator
lateral sacral
Term
what does the posterior tibial artery split into
Definition
medial and lateral plantar
plantar arch
digitals
Term
what does the anterior tibial artery split into
Definition
dorsalis pedis
dorsal arch
digitals
Term
which way does the fibular artery run
Definition
laterall
Term
what are the two main types of veins
Definition
deep- run parallel to arteries
superficial- right below skin
Term
where does almost all venous blood drain to
Definition
right atria
Term
the blood from the head, thorax, and upper extremities all drain to
Definition
superior vena cava
Term
the blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities all drain into
Definition
inferior vena cava
Term
the coronary blood drains into the
Definition
coronary sinus
Term
what is the venous blood flow of the upper extremity
Definition
digital veins
palmar veins
radial and ulnar veins
brachial veins
axillary veins
subclavian veins
Term
what three veins flow into the brachiocephalic vein
Definition
subclavian
internal and external jugular veins
Term
what two venous branches flow into the superior vena cava
Definition
right and left brachiocephalic veins
Term
what is the superficial vein that is on the thumbside and empties into the axillary vein
Definition
cephalic vein
Term
what is the superficial vein that is on the pinky side and it merges with the brachial vein to form the axillary vein
Definition
basilic vein
Term
what is the order of venous blood flow in the lower extremities
Definition
dorsal digital veins + plantar digital
dorsal venous+ deep plantar venous arch
dorsal pedis+ medial and lateral plantar
anterior tibial+ posterior tibial
popliteal vein
femoral vein
external iliac vein
internal iliac vein
common iliac vein
inferior vena cava
Term
what vein is on the lateral side of the ankle on posterior leg, and empties into the popliteal vein
Definition
small saphenous vein
Term
what vien is on the medial aspect of the lower leg, and empties into the femoral vein in the inguinal region
Definition
great saphenous vein
Term
what are the muscles of the superficial gluteal region
Definition
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
Term
what is the origin of the gluteus maximus
Definition
posterior pelvis
Term
insertion of the gluteus maximus
Definition
gluteal tuberosity of femur and IT band
Term
action of gluteus maximus
Definition
extend femur
posterior pelvic tilt
laterally rotate femur
adduct femur
Term
origin of gluteus medius
Definition
lateral ilium
Term
insertion of gluteus medius
Definition
greater trochanter of femur
Term
action of gluteus medius
Definition
abduct femur
medially rotate femur
Term
origin of gluteus minimus
Definition
lateral ilium
Term
insertion of gluteus minimus
Definition
greater trochanter of femur
Term
action of gluteus minimus
Definition
abduct femur
medially rotate femur
Term
origin of tensor fascias latae
Definition
anterior iliac crest
Term
insertion of tensor fascias latae
Definition
IT band to gerdy's tubercle of tibia
Term
action of tensor fascias latae
Definition
stabilize knee and hip joints
flexion of femur
abduct femur
medially rotate femur
Term
what are the muscles of the deep gluteal region
Definition
piriformis
gemellus superior
obturator internus
gemellus inferior
quadratus femoris
obturator externus
Term
origin of piriformis
Definition
sacrum
Term
insertion of piriformis
Definition
greater trochanter of femur
Term
origin of gemellus superior
Definition
ischium
Term
action of piriformis
Definition
lateral rotation of femur
Term
insertion of gemellus superior
Definition
greater trochanter of femur
Term
action of gemellus superior
Definition
lateral rotation of the femur
Term
origin of obturator internus
Definition
obturator foramen margin
Term
insertion of obturator internus
Definition
greater trochanter of femur
Term
action of gemellus internus
Definition
lateral rotation of the femur
Term
origin of gemellus inferior
Definition
ischium
Term
insertion of gemellus inferior
Definition
greater trochanter of femur
Term
action of gemellus inferior
Definition
lateral rotation of the femur
Term
origin of quadratus femoris
Definition
ischium
Term
insertion of quadratus femoris
Definition
intertrochanteric crest
Term
action of quadratus femoris
Definition
lateral rotation of the femur
Term
origin of obturator externus
Definition
obturator foramen origin
Term
insertion of obturator externus
Definition
trochanteric fossa of femur
Term
action of obturator foramen
Definition
lateral rotation of the femur
Term
what is the action of all deep gluteal muscles
Definition
lateral rotation of the femur
Term
what are the two muscles that do not insert on the greater trochanter of the femur
Definition
quadratus femoris
obturator externus
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