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Lecture Exam 1
N/A
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/17/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Anatomy
Definition
"I cut up"- dissection
Term
Morphology
Definition
"Science of form"
Term
atoms & molecules
Definition

primary elements in living organisms:

C, N, H, O, P, Na, K, Mg, Cl, Fe

Term
Macromolecules
Definition

Mostly built from C, N, H, O

-sugars

-fats (lipids)

-proteins

-nucleic acids

(all have structural functions & some have other functions)

Term
What do sugars and fats do for the body's tissues?
Definition
They serve as food sources for the body's tissues
Term
What do proteins do?
Definition
Comprise enzymes, which direct many of the body's chemical reactions
Term
What does nucleic acids do?
Definition
Make up genetic material
Term
What do lipids and proteins do?
Definition
Make up most of the structures in cells, with smaller contributions from sugars and nucleic acids
Term
Cellular Organelles
Definition

Building blocks of our cells

ex: Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes etc.

Term
Cells
Definition

-contain the organelles

-are the smallest living units

-200 types

Term
Tissue
Definition

A collection of cells that are functionally and structurally related.

4 Basic Types: epithelium, connective tissue, muscle, nervous

Term
Organ
Definition
Consists of two or more different tissues
Term
Organ Systems
Definition
Groups of organs that work together, performing related functions. There are 11 major organ systems. They are skeletal, muscular, integumentary (skin), nervous, circulatory, immune, digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and endocrine.
Term
Gross Anatomy
Definition
Anatomical study of organs, organ systems, and the whole human, as visible to the naked eye
Term
Microscopic Anatomy
Definition
The anatomical study of cellular organelles, cells, tissues, and of the microscopic parts of organs. These sructures cannot be seen with the naked eye, must be viewed through a microscope. aka: histology
Term
Scale
Definition

1 μm=1/10^6 meter (a millionth of a meter)

 

cells= 5-100 μm

Term
Diameter of Ovum (egg cell)
Definition

~100 μm

(largest cell in body)

Term
Superior
Definition
toward head (synonymous with "cranial")
Term
Inferior
Definition
toward feet (synonymous with "caudal")
Term
Anterior
Definition
toward the front (synonymous with "ventral", meaning belly)
Term
Posterior
Definition
Toward the back (synonymous with "dorsal", meaning back)
Term
Medial
Definition
Nearer the vertical midline of the body
Term
Lateral
Definition
Farther from the midline of the body
Term
Proximal
Definition
closer to the base of the limb
Term
Distal
Definition
closer to the end of a limb
Term
Superficial
Definition
closer to the external surface of the body (or of an organ)
Term
Deep
Definition
Farther in toward the core
Term
Transverse plane
Definition
Any horizontal plane, cutting the body into cross-sections
Term
Frontal/Coronal Plane
Definition
any vertical plane that extends from left to right  (these planes divide the body into a vertical plane that runs anterior to posterior)
Term
Sagittal Plane
Definition
any vertical plane that runs anterior to posterior, divides body into right and left halves if made at the median
Term
What fixatives are good at preserving cadavers/gross anatomy?
Definition
Phenol, Alcohol, Formaldehyde (not really good at a cellular level, too harsh)
Term
Imbedding/Sectioning
Definition
a 2-D item is created, for ex. a section of a banana cut lengthwise appears different than one cut crosswise, can be misleading
Term
Polycationic (Basic) Dyes
Definition

Have many positive charges and are attracted to biological molecules with a negative charge

-Example: DNA, RNA, protein in mucus (basophilic molecules attract this type of dye, have net negative charges)

Term
Polyanionic (Acidic) Dyes
Definition

Have many negative charges and are attracted to organic molecules with a positive charge

Example: most proteins (acidophilic molecules attract this type of dye, have net positive charges)

Term
Hematoxylin
Definition

-common basic dye

-purple

-usually stains the cell nucleus

Term
Eosin
Definition

-common acidic dye

-stains pink

-usually stains cytoplasm of cells (containing protein)

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