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lecture exam 5
digestion
92
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/16/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How long is the intestginal tract?
Definition
30 feet
Term

true or false

 

The submucosa is in direct contact with food?

Definition
false
Term
Are accessory organs directly involved in digestion?
Definition
no
Term
What are the accessory organs (6)?
Definition
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, gall bladder, liver, pancreas
Term

true or false

 

bile digests fats and related lipids

Definition
false
Term
What are the six functions of the digestive system?
Definition

1.  ingestion/mouth

 

2.  secretion/saliva mouth/stomach acid

 

3.  motility

 

4.  digestion

 

5.  absorption

 

6.  elimination

Term

Lingual lipase is present in

 

a.  bile

 

b.  saliva

 

c.  gastric secretion

 

d.  taste buds

Definition
b
Term
What are the layers of the digestive tract?
Definition

1.  Mucosa

a.  epithelium

 

b.  lamina propria

 

c.  muscularis

 

2.  Submucosa

 

3.  Muscularis(externa)

 

4.  Serosa

 

a.  parietal and visceral peritoneum

 

b.  greater omentum

 

c.  lesser omentum

 

d.  messentery

Term

________ is the strongest material in the body

 

a.  periodontal ligament

 

b.  cementum

 

c.  enamel

 

d.  dentin

Definition
c
Term
What is the tissue in the epithelium of the mucosa of the digestive tract?
Definition

In the mouth, esophagus, and anus=stratified squamous

 

In the small intestine=simple columnar

Term

Which would produce pepsinogen?

 

a.  chief cells

 

b.  parietal cells

 

c.  enteroendocrine cells

 

d.  mucous cells

Definition
a
Term
What type tissue is in the lamina propria?  What is found there?
Definition
areolar connective,  blood, lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic nodules
Term

Which produces HCl's?

 

a.  enteroendocrine cells

 

b.  mucous cells

 

c.  chief cells

 

d.  parietal cells

Definition
d
Term
What type of tissue is muscularis mucosa made out of?
Definition
smooth muscle
Term

What is

 

1.  ingestion

 

2.  digestion

 

3.  mastication

 

4.  deglutition

 

5.  starch digestion

Definition

1.  ingesting food

 

2.  mechanical=mastication

chemical=starch digestion(salivary amylase)

 

3.  chewing

 

4.  swallowing

 

5.  salivary amylase

 

Term

Which does the stomach produce?

 

a.  mucous and amylase

 

b.  bile and trypsin

 

c.  HCl and intrinsic factor

Definition
c
Term

What is

 

1.  the periodontal ligament

 

2.  crown

 

3.  root

 

4.  dentin

 

5.  pulp

Definition

1.  what holds tooth in socket

 

2.  the part of the tooth you see

 

3.  the part of the tooth you don't see

 

4.  hard because teeth are made up of dentin

 

5.  spongy tissue that fills the inner cavity

Term
How many decidous teeth are there?
Definition
20
Term

Which is NOT part of the digestive tract?

 

a.  salivary glands

 

b.  stomach

 

c.  cecum

 

d.  esophagus

 

e.  duodenum

Definition
a
Term
How many permanent teeth are there and what are they?
Definition
32 incisors, canines, pre-molars, and molars
Term

Which sequence is correct?

 

a.  mucosa-muscularis externa-submucosa-serosa

 

b.  submucosa-mucosa-muscularis externa-serosa

 

c.  serosa-mucosa-muscularis externa-submucosa

 

d.  mucosa-submucosa-muscularis externa-serosa

Definition
d
Term

What are the extrinsic salivary glands?

 

 

Definition

extrinsic=outside mouth

 

parotid=in front of ear

 

sublingual=ducts under the tongue

 

submandibular=under mandible

Term
Is the pancreas retroperitoneal?  What do the exocrine cells do?  What do the endrocrine cells do?
Definition
yes/secretes via the viaduct, acini secretes pancreatic juices/the Islets of Langerhans release insulin and glucagon
Term

Matching

1.  secretin          A.  Increases secretions of enzyme rich pancreatic juices

 

2.  CCK          B.  Inhibits gastric gland secretions

Definition

1-B

 

2-A

Term
What is the pH of saliva?
Definition
6.35-6.85/slightly acidic, enzymes break down food
Term

What is the stomach lining protected by?

Definition
epithelium
Term

Matching

 

1.  crown     A.  embedded in the jawbone

 

2.  root     B.  forms support of the gumphosis

 

3.  cementum     C.  calcified connective tissue around the bottom of the tooth

 

4.  periodontal ligament     D.  exposed cover in enamel

Definition

1-D

 

2-A

 

3-C

 

4-B

Term

How many liters of water can the stomach hold?

 

What percentage is water?

Definition

1-1 1/2 liters

 

97-99.5%

Term
What is a peptic ulcer?
Definition

The lining of the stomach get eroded away

 

 

Term

Matching

 

1.  salivary amylase     A.  Begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

 

2.  trypsin      B.  emulsifies fat digestion

 

3.  bile     C.  brush border enzymes that act on disaccharides

 

4.  sucrase, lactose, maltose     D.  digests proteins in the SI

Definition

1-A

 

2-D

 

3-B

 

4-C

Term
What does the saliva contain? 
Definition

salivary amylase and lingual lipase

 

The amylase is active in the mouth and the lipase is not activated in the stomach

Term
What mixes food with gastric juices?
Definition
peristaltic action
Term

Matching

 

1.  rugae     A.  located at the inferior end and controls stomach emptying

 

2.  pyloric sphincter     B.  folds of mucosal layer

 

3.  cardiac sphincter     C.  lies at superior end and regulates food movement from the esophagus

 

4.  body     D.  able to stretch and hold large amounts of food

Definition

1-B

 

2-A

 

3-C

 

4-D

Term
What is lysozyme?
Definition
enzyme in saliva, sweat and tears that kills bacteria
Term

What happens during peristaltic action with

 

1.  Water and HCl

 

2.  It kills what

 

3.  It inactivates what

 

4.  It denatures what

 

5.  It activates what

Definition

1.  mix with materials you ingest

 

2.  bacteria

 

3.  salivary amylase

 

4.  proteins in food

 

5.  lingual lipase

 

pepsinogen to pepsin( the active protein digesting enzyme)

Term

Matching

 

1.  parotid gland     A.  large saliva gland lying near the ear

 

2.  oropharynx     B.  smaller salivary gland located under the jaw

 

3.  submandibular gland     C.  soft palate to epiglottis

 

4.  secures the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity     D.  lingual frenulum

Definition

1-A

 

2-C

 

3-B

 

4-D

Term
What 3 things is salivation stimulated by?  What part of the brain is stimulated?
Definition

1. touch, pressure, taste receptors(medulla and pons)

 

2.  autonomic nervous system

 

3.  sight, smell and thought(limbic and hypothalamus

Term
______ enters duodenum thru_____ _____ ml at a time
Definition
chyme/pyloric sphincter/3
Term

Matching

 

1.  in direct contact with indigested food    A. serosa

 

2.  dense connective tissue with many elastic fibers   B. muscularis

 

3.  longitudinal and circular layers of smooth muscle

 

C.  submucosa

 

4.  same structrure as visceral peritoneum

 

D.  mucosa

Definition

1-D

 

2-C

 

3-B

4-A

Term
The pharynx is a dual cavity, what is it a dual cavity for?
Definition
respiratory and digestive
Term
How many hours does it take the stomach to empty?
Definition
2 to 6
Term

Matching

 

1.  ingestion     A.  passage of digested material from the lumen of the GI tract into the blood or lymph

 

2.  mechanical digestion    B.  elimination of indigestible solids

 

3.  chemical digestion     C.  enzymatic degradation of foodstuffs into simpler molecules

 

4.  absorption     D.  taking food into the digestive system

 

5.  defecation     E.  chewing, mixing, churning and segmentation of food

Definition

1-D

 

2-E

 

3-C

 

4-A

 

5-B

Term
What can babies do that adult can't so?
Definition
breath and swallow at the same time
Term
What is gastroesophageal reflux?
Definition
A.K.A heart burn because of the proximity to the heart, the sphincter doesn't properly close
Term

Matching

 

1.  chief     A.  phagocytic

 

2.  islet     B.  makesw intrinsic factor

 

3.  parietal     C.  makes hormones

 

4.  kupffer     D.  produces an inactive enzyme

Definition

1-D

 

2-C

 

3-B

 

4-A

Term
What part of the brain is the pharynx controlled by?
Definition
the reflex center in the medulla and pons
Term
What is a hiatal hernia?
Definition
a bulging, the stomach pushes through the diaphragm
Term

The intrinsic factor is produced in the stomach and is necessary for the absorption of

 

a.  triglycerides

 

b.  fat soluble vitamins

 

c.  vitamin B12

 

d.  vitamin C

Definition
C
Term
What is the esophagus?
Definition
A muscular tube extending from the larynx through the diaphragm to join the stomach, it collapses when it is not involved in food propulsion
Term
What are the functions of the stomach?  There are 3 of them
Definition

1.  stores, mixes, and liquifies food

 

2.  chemical digestion/ proteins and triglycerides

 

3.  absorption/H20, ions, aspirin, and alcohol

Term

Which enzyme digests dissacharides into monosaccharides?

 

a.  rennin

 

b.  pepsin

 

c.  lipase

 

d.  sucrase

 

 

Definition
d
Term
What tissue is the mucosa in the esophagus made of?
Definition
stratified squamous epithelium
Term
What are the regions of the stomach?
Definition

1.  cardiac

 

2.  fundus

 

3.  body

 

4.  pyloris

Term

Which of the following is not an enzyme?

 

a.  rennin

 

b.  lipase

 

c.  pepsin

 

d.  bile

Definition
d
Term
What does peristalsis do?
Definition
moves bolus down
Term
What does the pyloric sphincter do?
Definition
tissue that separates the stomach to the duodenum, chyme enters the duodenum through here
Term

Which of the following is not an enzyme found in adults?

 

a.  carboxypolypeptidase

 

b.  lipase

 

c.  rennin

 

d.  chymotryposin

Definition
c
Term
How much material can the stomach hold?
Definition
4 L
Term

Amylase allows us to digest:

 

a.  carbohydrates

 

b.  proteins

 

c.  fats

 

d.  all of these

 

Definition
a
Term
What are the parts gastric pits with gastric glands?
Definition

a.  mucus cells

 

b.  parietal cells

secrete:HCl and intrinsic factor(vitamin B12 absorption)

 

c.   chief cells

secret:pepsinoge,and rennin and gastric lipase

 

d.  enteroendocrine cells

cells that specifically secrete the hormone gastrin, stimulates secretion of gastric juicess

 

Term

This hormone triggers the release of enzyme rich pancreatic juice.

 

a.  CCK

 

b.  secretin

 

c.  gastrin

 

d.  bile

Definition
a
Term
What tissues are the ruggae made of?
Definition
simple columnar epithelium
Term

This substance secreted by the pancreas helps neutralize the chyme

 

a.  chymotrypsin

 

b.  bile

 

c.  trypsin

 

d.  bicarbonate

Definition
d
Term
What 3 things protect the stomach lining?
Definition

1.  mucus

 

2.  regeneration of cells

 

3.  tight junctions

Term

Most of the digestive enzymes found in the SI are secreted by this accessory hormone

 

a.  liver

 

b.  gallbladder

 

c.  stomach

 

d.  pancreas

Definition
d
Term
What 3 things affect regulation of gastric digestion?
Definition

a.  stimulation of the parasympathetic division

cerebral cortex to hypothalamus to medulla to vagus nerve to parasympathetic neurons

 

b.  stretch receptors and chemoreceptors(pH)

 

c.  intestinal hormones made by cells of the SI get secreted into the blood

 

secretin=decreased gastric secretion

 

CCK=inhibits stomach emptying

Term

The gastric cells that secrete pepsinogin are the

 

a.  mucous neck cells

 

b.  parietal cells

 

c.  chief cells

 

d.  enteroendrocrine cells

Definition
c
Term
How much pancreatic juice is produced daily?
Definition
1-2 liters
Term

Saliva is mainly composed of

 

a.  water

 

b.  amylase

 

c.  lingual lipase

 

d.  mucin

Definition
a
Term

The esophageal hiatus is found here

 

a.  esophagus

 

b.  stomach

 

c.  diaphragm

 

d.  pharynx

Definition
c
Term
What id the pH of pancreatic juices?
Definition
7-8
Term

The membrane that lines the body wall of the abdominal cavity is the

 

a.  ventral messentary

 

b.  visceral peritoneum

 

c.  parietal peritoneum

 

d.  retroperitoneum

Definition
c
Term
What does pancreatic juice contain?
Definition
H2O, HCO3-
Term

What histological layer of the alimentary canal is A.K.A as the visceral peritoneum

 

a.  submucosa

 

b.  muscularis

 

c.  serosa

 

d.  mucosa

Definition
c
Term
What are the four types of digestion that take place in the pancreas?
Definition

1.  carbohydrate digestion=pancreatic amylase

 

2.  protein digestion=a.  trypsinogen to trypsin by enterokinase

 

b.  trypsin converts:  chymotrypsinogen to chemotrypsin

 

c.  procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase

 

d.  proelastase to elastase

 

Enterokase is made in thie SI not the pancreas

 

3.  lipid digestion=secretes pancreatic lipase

 

4.  nucleic acid digestion=RNA and DNA

Term

simple columnar epithelium is found in which histological layer of the alimentary canal?

 

a.  submucosa

 

b.  muscularis

 

c.  serosa

 

d.  mucosa

Definition
d
Term
What do secretin and CCK do during pancreatic secretion?
Definition

secretin=stimulates secretion of HCO3-

 

CCK=stimulates secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes

Term

All of the following are part of the alimentary canal except

 

a.  pharynx

 

b.  esophagus

 

c.  SI

 

d.  tongue

Definition
d
Term
What are the functional units of the liver called?
Definition
lobules
Term

Peristalsis is part of which digestive process

 

a.  absorption

 

b.  ingestion

 

c.  propulsion

 

d.  chemical digestion

Definition
c
Term
What is arranged around the central vein in the liver?
Definition
hepatocytes
Term

Before the blood carrying the products of protein digestion reaches the heart, it first passes through capillary networks in

 

a.  the spleen

 

b.  the lungs

 

c.  the liver

 

d.  the brain

Definition
c
Term
Where does blood in the liver pass through?
Definition
sinusoids
Term

The products of protein enter the bloodstream largely through cells lining

 

a.  the stomach

 

b.  the SI

 

c.  the LI

 

d.  the bile duct

Definition
b
Term
What cells in the liver are phagocytic?
Definition
kupffer
Term

The protein molecule will be digested by enzymes secreted by

 

a.  the mouth, stomach and colon

 

b.  the stomach, liver and SI

 

c.  the SI, mouth and liver

 

d.  the pancreas and stomach

Definition
d
Term
Where does blood in the liver leave?
Definition
via the hepatic vein
Term

The vitamin associated with calcium absorption is

 

a.  A

 

b.  K

 

c.  C

 

d.  D

Definition
d
Term
What are the 8 functions of the liver?
Definition

1.  produces bile

 

2.  maintains blood glucose

 

3.  detoxifies alcohol and drugs

 

4.  stores, glycogen, iron,vitamins A D E K  

 

5.  produces urea

 

6.  removes bilirubin

 

7.  regulates blood cholesterol

 

8.  synthesizes plasma proteins

Term

The digestive juice product containing enzymes capable of digesting all four major foodstuff categories is

 

a.  pancreatic

 

b.  gastric

 

c.  salivary

 

d. biliary

Definition
a
Term
What causes jaundice?
Definition
inflammation of the liver usually caused by a virus
Term

The parasympathetic nervous system influences digestion

 

a.  relaxing smooth muscle

 

b.  stimulating peristalsis and secretory activity

 

c.  constricting sphincters

 

d.  none of these

Definition
b
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