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Lecture Exam 4- Endocrine
n/a
32
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/26/2012

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Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
secretes regulatory hormones that control the activities of the anterior pituitary gland

produces ADH and OT
Term
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Definition
secretes TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, and GH

controlled by hormones released by the hypothalamus
Term
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Definition
secretes ADH and OT
Term
TSH
Definition
thyroid stimulating hormone

secretion of thyroid hormones (T3, T4)
Term
ACTH
Definition
adrenocorticotropic hormone

glucocorticoid secretion from the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex
Term
FSH
Definition
follicle-stimulating hormone

estrogen secretion, follicle development in ovaries
stimulation of sperm maturation in testes
Term
LH
Definition
luteinizing hormone

ovulation
testosterone secretion
Term
PRL
Definition
prolactin

production of milk in mammary glands
Term
GH
Definition
growth hormone

growth, protein synthesis, and lipid mobilization in all cells
Term
ADH
Definition
antidiuretic hormone

targets kidneys
reabsorption of water
elevation of blood volume and pressure
Term
OT
Definition
oxytocin

labor contractions, bonding
Term
Hypophyseal Portal System
Definition
two capillary beds in the anterior pituitary gland separated by portal veins

decreased blood pressure and assures secretory products get into circulation
Term
Thyroid Gland
Definition
secretes T3 and T4
Term
T3 and T4
Definition
thyroxine and triiodothyronine

increase energy utilization, oxygen consumption, growth, and development in most cells
Term
Parathyroid Gland
Definition
secretes PTH
Term
PTH
Definition
parathyroid hormone

targets bone and kidneys
increases calcium concentration in body fluids
increases bone mass
Term
Chief Cells
Definition
parathyroid cells
Term
Pancreatic Islets
Definition
groups of endocrine cells in the pancreas

alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, and f cells
Term
Alpha Cells
Definition
secretes glucagon

glucose synthesis and glycogen breakdown in the liver
elevation of blood glucose concentrations
Term
Beta Cells
Definition
secretes insulin

facilitate uptake of glucose by cells
decrease in blood glucose concentrations
Term
Delta Cells
Definition
secretes somatostatin

inhibition of secretion of insulin and glucagon
Term
F Cells
Definition
secretes pancreatic polypeptide

inhibits gallbladder contractions
regulates production of some pancreatic enzymes
Term
Three Regions of the Adrenal Cortex
Definition
zona glomerulosa

zona fasciculata

zona reticularis
Term
Zona Glomerulosa
Definition
secretes mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone

increase renal reabsorption of sodium ions and water
Term
Zona Fasciculata
Definition
secretes glucocorticoids, cortisol

anti-inflammatroy effects
promotes the formation of liver glycogen and glucose
release of amino acids and lipids
Term
Zona Reticularis
Definition
secretes androgens

uncertain significance
Term
Adrenal Medulla
Definition
secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

fight or flight responses
Term
Regulation of Hormones by Concentration of Metabolites in Blood
Definition
pancreas, zona glomerulosa
Term
Regulation of Hormones by Other Hormones
Definition
pituitary, thyroid gland, zona fasciculata
Term
Regulation by Direct Neural Stimulation
Definition
adrenal medulla
Term
Cushing's Disease
Definition
caused by hyper-secretion of glucocorticoids

lipid reserves are mobilized
adipose tissue accumulates in the cheeks and at the base of the neck
Term
Addison's Disease
Definition
caused by hypo-secretion of glucocorticoids

pigment changes
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