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Lecture and Lab notes
Anatomy set
274
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/29/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Gap Junction (tunnels)
Definition
Also called nexus, tunnel like passageways between two adjacent cells.

Function: Let's small molecules move between neighboring cells
Term
Desmosomes (cell junctions)
Definition
Anchoring junction, 2 disc like plaques connected across intercellular space
Term
Adherens Junctions
Definition
ALso known as Zonula adherens, Anchoring junction, just below tight junctions.

Function: transmembrane linker proteins attach to actin micro filaments of the cytoskeleton and bind adjacent cells
Term
Tight junctions
Definition
Also known as zona occludens, its belt like and extends around periphery, closes off extra cellular space

location: apical region of most epithelial types

Function: prevent molecules from passing between cells of epithelial tissue
Term
Umbilical region
Definition
small intestine, transverse colon of large intestine.
Term
Skeletal system
Definition
(Bones and joints) Protects and supports body organs.


Function: provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement, blood cells are formed within bones, stores minerals

Purpose: structure
Term
Basal Lamina
Definition
Border between epithelia and underlying connective tissue. Non-cellular supporting sheet of proteins secreted by epithelial cells


Function: filters, decides which molecules from capillaries enter the epithelium, acts as a scaffold for regenerating cells to migrate
Term
Connexons
Definition
Cells connected by hollow cylinders of protein
Term
Cadherins
Definition
Plaques of adjoining cells are joined by a protein called Cadherins
Term
Endocrine System
Definition
Glands secret hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

Locations: (head) pineal gland, pituitary gland; (throat) thyroid gland; (chest) thymus, pancreas, testis, and ovaries

Function: balance
Term
Connective tissue or C.T.
Definition
Includes C.T. proper (fat and ligaments), cartilage, bone and blood

Function: provides support
Term
Secretory Lysosome
Definition
found in white blood cells, immune cells and melanocytes (pigment)
Term
Chromatin
Definition
everything in the nucleus, DNA

function: codes for proteins
Term
A-Vascular but innervated
Definition
does not have blood vessels (all) has the blood vessel beneath it
Term
endothelium (SIMPLE SQUAMOUS)
Definition
(inner covering) slick lining of hollow organs- inside lining.

Locations: blood vessels, kidneys, bladder etc

Functions: transports materials by passive diffusion and filtration. secretes lubricating substances in serosa (membranes)
Term
Areolar
Definition
underlies epithelial tissue, surrounds small nerves and blood vessels, borders all tissues in the body.


Function: wraps and cushions organs, controls inflammation

Location: all over, organs, capillaries
Term
Reticular
Definition
network of fibers in loose ground substance

Function: for a soft internal skeleton (stroma)

Location: lymphoid organs (nodes, bones marrow and spleen)
Term
Receptor - mediated endocytosis
Definition
plasma proteins bind to certain molecules, invaginates and forms a coated pit which then pinch off to become a coated vesicle
Term
transitional epithelium
Definition
basal cells usually cuboidal or columnar; superficial cells dome shaped or squamous. undergoes transitions in shape.

function: stretches and permits distention of urinary bladder causing thinning 6 to 3 layers when filled with urine.

location: lines ureter, urinary bladder and part of the urethra
Term
Gland
Definition
one or more epithelia cells that make and secrete (exports)

site of product release: endocrine - internally releasing or exocrine - externally releasing
Term
Microvilli
Definition
finger like extensions of plasma membrane

location: kidneys, small intestine

function: maximizes surface area across which small molecules enter or leave
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
lies internal to plasma membrane, consists of cytosol, organelles and inclusions. everything but the nucleus.

Function: holds organelles
Term
Mitosis
Definition
Cell division
Term
telomeres
Definition
"end caps" on chromosomes that limit the maximum number of time a cell can divide
Term
Non Keratinized - stratified squamus epithelium
Definition
forms lining of body openings

Location: mouth, vaginal opening, esophagus
Term
stratified squamous epithelium
Definition
Many layers of cells, squamous in shape (tiles, looks like fried eggs from the side) deeper layers of cells appear cuboidal or columnar. thickest epithelial tissue

Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

Location: keratinized- forms epidermis non keratinized - esophagus, mouth and vagina
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
network with the cytoplasm, extensive system of membrane-walled envelopes and tubes
Term
collagen fibers
Definition
function: helps resist pulling forces
Term
axoneme
Definition
a set of microtubules, contains a core of 9 pairs of microtubules encircling one middle pair. each pair arranged in a doublet.
Term
ducts
Definition
tube like connections to epithelial sheets
Term
endocrine glands
Definition
ductless glands that produce and secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream to specific target organs far from the site of release.

function: chemical messenger molecules
Term
Name the 3 loose connective tissues
Definition
C.T. Proper, Loose C.T. ( areolar, adipose, reticular)
Term
chandro/cyte and blast
Definition
cartilage
Term
micro filament
Definition
made from actin, interacts with myosin to create cell division, performs endo and exocytosis. plays a role in pseudopod extension and retraction.
Term
mesenchyme
Definition
becomes all connective tissue, means middle.
Term
lymphatic system (immunity)
Definition
Location: red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, and lymph nodes.

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood: disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream, houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity. the immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body

Purpose: fights and kills infection/ bacteria
Term
stratified columnar epithelium
Definition
several layers: basal cells usually cuboidal: superficial cells elongated

function: protection and secretion

Location: rarest tissue type, found in male urethra and large ducts of some glands
Term
epithelia
Definition
forms most glands, protection, absorption, secretions, ion transport, filtration (moves things) highly cellular, has more cells packed together than all other tissues in sheets.
Term
Rough ER
Definition
ribosomes stud the external surfaces, envelope stacks called cisternae (fluid filled cavities) makes all membrane proteins and membranes.

function: protein synthesis
Term
cellularity
Definition
composed almost entirely of cells
Term
Genetic theory
Definition
proposes that aging is programmed by genes
Term
nuclear envelope
Definition
double membrane around nucleus allows RNA out, holds DNA in

Function: allows RNA out, keeps DNA in
Term
WBC (has nucleus)
Definition
does a WBC have a nucleus?
Term
how many types of cells in human body?
Definition
200 cell types
Term
patellar region
Definition
knee
Term
parasagittal
Definition
any other sagittal/cut except the middle
Term
mitosis
Definition
division of the nucleus during cell division, chromosomes are distributed to the two daughter nuclei - PMAT
Term
Distal
Definition
farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

example: the knee is distal to the thigh
Term
organelles
Definition
little organs carry on essential functions of cells
Term
axial region
Definition
top of the head to the bottom of the pelvis/ perineum region
Term
calcaneal region
Definition
heel of the foot
Term
metabolism
Definition
the sum of all chemical reactions in the cell
Term
keratinized (stratified squamous epithelium)
Definition
contain the protective protein keratin surface cells are dead and full of keratin

Location: epidermis
Term
scanning election microscopy (SEM)
Definition
heavy metal salt stain - deflects electrons in the beam to different extents 3D.
Term
stratified
Definition
means protection
Term
telophase
Definition
exact opposite of prophase, two nuclear envelopes form around material in opposite poles. 1 huge cell, cytoplasm is moving.
Term
caratin
Definition
hard protein (epidermis)- location
Term
pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
Definition
nuclei lie at varying heights within cells (gives false impression of stratification)

function: secretion of mucus, propulsion of mucus by celia

Location: (non-ciliated) ducts of male reproduction tubes. large glands (ciliated) trachea, upper respiratory tract
Term
simple columnar epithelium
Definition
single layer of column-like cells with oval nuclei, some have celia (hairs) at the apical surface, some contain goblet cells (mucus secretions)

function: absorption, secretions of mucus enzymes and other substances

Location: (non-ciliated) digestive track, gall bladder (ciliated) small bronchi, uterus, fallopian tubes
Term
pubic
Definition
genitals
Term
mammary region
Definition
chest
Term
cuboidal
Definition
cells as wide as tall, like cubes sphere nuclei
Term
mesothelium (simple squamous)
Definition
(middle covering) lines peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities, covers visceral organs of those cavities.

functions: transports materials by passive diffusion and filtration. secretes lubricating substances in serosa (membranes)

Location: lungs, lining of heart
Term
simple cuboidal epithelium
Definition
single layer of cube-like cells with large circular central nuclei

function: secretion and absorption

location: kidney tubes, secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface
Term
inferior (caudal)
Definition
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body below.


example: the navel is inferior to the chin
Term
squamous
Definition
cells wider than tall, like a plate/disc nuclei
Term
innervated
Definition
think nervous system, has nerves running through it.
Term
transmission electron microscopy TEM
Definition
uses beams of electrons (higher magnification) 2D
Term
basal
Definition
lower epithelia (bottom/attached)
Term
apical
Definition
upper epithelia (free)
Term
polarity
Definition
top is always different than the bottom proteins are different, so top and bottom look different
Term
cytosol (cytoplasmic matrix)
Definition
jelly like fluid in which other cellular elementals are suspended, consists of water, ions and enzymes
Term
mediastinum
Definition
region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; contains heart, thoracic, aorta esophagus and other structures
Term
pubic region
Definition
genitalia
Term
cervical region
Definition
neck
Term
midsagittal
Definition
cut right down the middle
Term
dorsal/ back cavity
Definition
cranial cavity, vertebral cavity (spine)
Term
carbohydrate
Definition
sugar that produces energy
Term
carpal region
Definition
wrist
Term
trans membrane
Definition
goes all the way through (integral membrane protein)
Term
proximal
Definition
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

example: the elbow is proximal to the wrist.
Term
left lumbar region
Definition
descending colon of large intestine, small intestine.
Term
frontal or coronal
Definition
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Term
sagittal
Definition
a cut with a left and right parts
Term
manus region
Definition
hands
Term
S-phase (synthetic)
Definition
between G1 and G2 phase where DNA replicates itself to ensure that daughter cells receive identical copies of the genetic material

cell spends 75% of its lifetime in inter-phase
Term
RNA
Definition
copy of the DNA, single sided code
Term
DNA
Definition
master copy kept inside the nucleus, double stranded code for proteins
Term
Muscular system
Definition
Skeletal muscles allows manipulation of the environment locomotion and facial expression, maintains posture, produces heat
Term
ante-brachial
Definition
forearm
Term
enzymes
Definition
proteins that direct chemical reactions in cells
Term
morphology
Definition
science of form
Term
mRNA
Definition
messenger RNA, carries instructions to the ribosome's (translation)
Term
sural region
Definition
calf
Term
olecranal region
Definition
elbow
Term
Deep (internal)
Definition
away from the body surface, more internal

example: the lungs are deep to the skin
Term
Red blood cells
Definition
does not have a nucleus
Term
anterior (ventral)
Definition
toward or at the back of the body, on the inner side of

example: the breast bone is anterior to the spine
Term
lower limbs
Definition
pelvis to the toes
Term
parietal serosa
Definition
heart outer membrane, pericardium
Term
buccal region
Definition
cheek
Term
oblique
Definition
diagonal cut
Term
tarsal region
Definition
ankle
Term
chromosomes
Definition
23 pairs in human cell or 46 singles
Term
right hypochondriac region
Definition
liver, gall bladder
Term
lysosomes
Definition
attaches to the WBC's to help bacteria's

function: breaks things down
Term
what muscle has no nucleus?
Definition
smooth muscle cell
Term
inguinal region
Definition
groin, bikini line
Term
attached ribosome's
Definition
attached to the ROugh ER and makes membrane proteins or exports proteins
Term
ipsilateral
Definition
on the same side

example: the right hand and right foot are ipsilateral
Term
what is a big cell that has a lot of ATP storage? How much ATP is stored?
Definition
lipids, 150 ATP
Term
metaphase
Definition
sister chromatids cluster (DNA 23 pairs) they line up forming the metaphase plate
Term
mitochondria
Definition
the powerhouse of the cell, takes the ATP oxygen and glucose to form energy. Contains their own DNA


function: energy production
Term
synovial cavity
Definition
refers to joints, the space between 2 bones
Term
Oocyte (females)
Definition
LARGEST CELL IN THE BODY, HAS 1/2 OF GENETIC MAKE UP OF ALL CELLS IN THE BODY
Term
thoracic
Definition
sternal/sternum

axillary- armpit

mammary
Term
sperm
Definition
possesses long tail for swimming to the egg for fertilization. Carries 1/2 of all genetic make up for the egg.
Term
cisternae
Definition
fluid filled cavities in rough ER
Term
free radical theory
Definition
damage from products of cellular metabolism. radicals build up and damage essential molecules of cells
Term
fibular region
Definition
lateral leg
Term
nasal region
Definition
nose
Term
name the cephalic regions

anterior/ventral
Definition
frontal

orbital

nasal

mental/chin
Term
unicellular exocrine glands
Definition
produces mucin. when added to water it produces mucus. glycoprotein (sugar with protein) that dissolves in H2O to become slimy.

location: intestines, respiratory tubes, between columnar cells
Term
nucleotides
Definition
building blocks for DNA, sugar + phosphate + base (sugar) forms DNA molecule
Term
respiratory system
Definition
(nasal cavity pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus and lungs)

keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.


Purpose: gas exchange
Term
lower limbs (thighs down)
Definition
coxal -hip side of pelvis

femoral - thigh, whole quadriceps

patellar - knee

popliteal - behind the knee

crural - leg

sural - calf

fibular or peroneal - side of fibula
Term
lumbar region
Definition
low back
Term
posterior or (dorsal)
Definition
toward or at the back of the body; behind

example: the heart is posterior to the breastbone
Term
superior or (cranial)
Definition
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body above

example: the head is superior to the ABD
Term
anaphase
Definition
chromosomes start moving to opposite poles (pulled apart), sister chromatids become chromosomes again.
Term
left iliac (inguinal) region
Definition
initial part of sigmoid colon, small intestines.
Term
male reproductive system
Definition
overall function is production of offspring. testis produce sperm and male sex hormone ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract.

purpose: procreation

location: prostate gland, ductus deferens, penis, testis, scrotum
Term
integumentary system
Definition
forms the external body covering, protects deeper tissues from injury; synthesizes vitamin D, site of cutaneous (pain, pressure etc) receptors and sweat and oil glands


purpose: protection
Term
cephalic region
Definition
head
Term
what cell has 2 nucleus?
Definition
skeletal muscle cells
Term
mitochondrial theory
Definition
a decrease in production of energy by mitochondria weakens and ages our cells.
Term
free ribosomes
Definition
float in cytosol; make soluble proteins; functions in cytosol
Term
lacunae
Definition
protective covering
Term
tight junctions
Definition
keeps cells in a sheet shape, holds 2 cells together
Term
epithelia (tissue)
Definition
sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity, forms most glands


function: protection, absorption, secrets ions, ion transport, filtration, forms a slippery surface
Term
nerve tissue
Definition
main component of the nervous system; provides control

function: control
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
includes skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle


function: movement
Term
plasma membrane
Definition
cell outer boundary

function: protection
Term
crural region
Definition
legs
Term
physiology
Definition
study of body function
Term
coxal region
Definition
hip
Term
right lumbar region
Definition
ascending colon of large intestine
Term
ventral cavity
Definition
visceral organs (viscera) all organs in the anterior cavity
Term
sister chromatids
Definition
when the original and copied chromosomes link together its now called a sister chromatid
Term
prophase
Definition
nuclear envelope breaks apart, centrosomes move to opposite poles and sends out micro tubules (spindle fibers) makes connections with chromosomes, attached by proteins centromeres (center of the sister chromatid original chromosomes and the copies are connected at the middle forming the centromere)
Term
pollex region
Definition
thumbs
Term
nervous system
Definition
fast acting control system of the body responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

purpose: control

location: brain, sensory receptor spinal cord, nerves
Term
pseudo-pods
Definition
false feet, part of plasma membrane and cytoplasm used to destroy cell debris and bacteria with the aid of lysosomes
Term
thoracic region
Definition
chest
Term
mental region
Definition
chin
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
cell eating, most WBC's pseudo-pods (parts of plasma membrane and cytoplasm) protrude and flow around the bacteria or cell debris and engulf it to be broken down by enzymes of the lysosomes when they merge
Term
oral region
Definition
mouth
Term
hypo-gastric region
Definition
urinary bladder, appendix, small intestines
Term
back (dorsal)
Definition
scapular

vertebral - spine (middle)

lumbar - low back/ spine

sacral - between gluts

gluteal

perineal - between anus and external genitalia
Term
antecubital region
Definition
front of elbow, bend in the arm A/C
Term
epigastric region
Definition
stomach, part of the liver
Term
nucleolus
Definition
center of cell where ribosomes are made
Term
pedal region
Definition
foot
Term
cleavage furrow
Definition
membrane folds in on itself; cuts off and makes 2 identical cells
Term
light microscope (LM)
Definition
illuminates tissue with a beam of light (lower magnification) 2D
Term
cytoplasmic organelles
Definition
ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cyto skeletal elements
Term
inter-phase G1
Definition
(Growth) G1 phase, the first part of interphase growth
Term
what is the small cell that has ATP storage? how much ATP does it store?
Definition
glucose, 38 ATP
Term
skeletal and smooth muscle cells
Definition
elongated and filled with actin and myosin (both proteins) contracts forcefully

function: cells that move organs and body parts
Term
gluteal region
Definition
buttock
Term
antigen
Definition
anything that causes an immune reaction (bad)kills things with cell walls. our cells have no walls

example: foreign molecule
Term
orbital region
Definition
eyes
Term
occipital region
Definition
back of the head
Term
cells
Definition
smallest living units in our bodies
Term
neuron
Definition
has long processes for receiving and transmitting messages


functions: a cell that gathers and sends information
Term
vertebral region
Definition
spinal column
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
when cytoplasm splits happens at the last phase of mitosis
Term
centrosome
Definition
micro-tubule organization center, puts proteins together then extends the rods. holds the centrioles
Term
brachial
Definition
biceps
Term
appendicular region
Definition
upper forearm to the knee
Term
abdominal
Definition
umbilical
Term
cephalic (posterior/dorsal)
Definition
otic- ear

occipital - back of the head
Term
viruses
Definition
not cells, have no walls, antibiotics do not work on viruses
Term
[G2] growth phase 2
Definition
growth and final preparations for division. cytokinesis happens during this time.
Term
trunk region
Definition
clavicles to bottom of pelvis (perineum region)
Term
contra-lateral
Definition
on opposite sides

example: the right hand is contralateral to the left foot
Term
microscopy
Definition
examining small structures through a microscope
Term
female reproductive system
Definition
ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn baby.


purpose: procreation

location: mammary glands in breasts, ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina
Term
manus (hand)
Definition
pollex - thumbs

palmar - palm

digital - fingers
Term
pelvic
Definition
inguinal - groin
Term
antibiotic
Definition
compounds that are used to fight bacteria cells, natural antibiotics in our body ( tears, skin, oils)
Term
endocytosis
Definition
mechanism by which particles enter cells
Term
epithelial tissue (skin)
Definition
sheet of cells covering body surface or lining a body cavity
Term
upper limb (arms)
Definition
acromial - top of shoulder

brachial

antecubital

olecranal - elbow

antibrachial - forearm

carpal - wrist
Term
right iliac (inguinal) region
Definition
cecum - blind - ended pouch at the beginning of the large intestine, part of the small intestine
Term
plantar region
Definition
bottom of the foot
Term
umbilical region
Definition
navel
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
cell drinking ( samples extra cellular fluid [tastes]) to know whats going on outside
Term
vesicles
Definition
function: transport
Term
intermediate filaments
Definition
protein fibers, most stable and permanent, help cells resist pulling forces. provides tensile strength; plays a role in linking cells together
Term
cell cycle
Definition
series of changes a cell goes through
Term
elastic cartilage
Definition
similar to hyaline cartilage, more elastic fibers in matrix.

function: maintains shape of structure, allows great flexibility

locations: supports external ear, epiglottis
Term
tissues
Definition
a group of closely associated cells that perform related functions and are similar in structure and non living extra-cellular matrix - outside
Term
palmar region
Definition
palm of the hands
Term
otic region
Definition
ears
Term
perineal region
Definition
between anus and external genitalia
Term
centrioles
Definition
middle of centrosome

function: microtubule organization center
Term
neurons
Definition
sends electrical impulses (send and receive) proteins imbedded in the membrane allows this, skin cannot do this because it does not have the correct cells
Term
femoral region
Definition
thigh
Term
fat cell
Definition
shape is produced by large fat droplet in cytoplasm. also known as adipose


function: stores nutrients
Term
macro molecules
Definition
lipids, DNA, RNA (big molecules)
Term
ERYTHROCYTE
Definition
red blood cell- has no nucleus, born in bone marrow
Term
telemerase
Definition
prevents telomeres from degrading
Term
fluid mosaic model
Definition
membrane model, proteins determines cell functions (what it can do)
Term

macrophage

Definition

phagocyte that moves through tissue to reach infection sites

 

function: a cell that fights disease

Term

hyaline cartilage

Definition

glassy collagen fibers

 

functions: supports and reinforces, cushions, resist repetitive stress

location: fetal skeleton, end of long bones, costals (ribs) nose cartilage, trachea and the larynx

Term

dense regular tissue

Definition

parallel collagen fibers, fibroblasts and some elastic fibers, poorly vascularized

 

function: attaches muscle to bone (tendons) attaches bone to bone (ligaments)

 

location: around muscles, nerves, large vessels

Term

dense irregular tissue

Definition

primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers, some elastic fibers and fibroblasts

 

function: withstands tension, structural strength

 

location: dermis, submucosa of digestive tract, joints and organs

Term

adipose

Definition

closely packed adipocytes pushed to one side by a fat droplet, richly vascularized (lots of blood) 18% of average persons mass

 

functions: fuel, insulation

Term

name the 3 dense connective tissue

Definition

(C.T Proper) regular, irregular, and elastic

Term

what is long and thin, rubber-like?

Definition

elastic fiber

Term

reticular fibers

Definition

 made of collagen but allows more "give" than collagen fibers because they slide past one another

Term

what is cilia made of?

Definition

protein

Term

blast

Definition

immature cell, goes through mitosis a lot, highly active

Term

cyte

Definition

mature cell, slowed down

Term

urine

Definition

filtered blood

Term

fat that insulates and stores energy is called?

Definition

adipocyte

Term

cilia

Definition

whip-like highly motile extensions of apical surface membranes

Term

flagellum

Definition

like cilia, but longer, moves human cells, only human cell in the body with this is sperm

Term

all movement moves over?

Definition

capillaries

Term

superficial (external)

Definition

toward or at the body surface

 

example: the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

Term

fibrosis

Definition

scar tissue

Term

antibody

Definition

protein made by our WBC's  (good thing) helps fight against foreign things. some WBC make them, some target them for death

Term

stratfied

Definition

2 or more layers

Term

simple

Definition

has only 1 layer

Term

upper limb

Definition

top of shoulders to the fingertips

Term

columnar

Definition

cells are taller than they are wide, like columns (oval elongated nuclei)

Term

cytoskeleton

Definition

cell has 3.5 billion rods in cytoplasm, they attach to proteins and send them from place to place, like a zipline

Term

Free radical

Definition

causes cancer if levels gets  to high, if its missing an electron it will break bonds to get one

Term

smooth ER

Definition

consists of tubules in a branching network; no ribosomes are attached therefore no protein synthesis; stores calcium, makes enzymes for lipid metabolism

 

function: lipid metabolism

Term

Mitotic phase

Definition

cells spend about 25% of their lifetime in mitotic phase

 

 

cells divide during this stage; follows interphase

Term

left hypochondriac region

Definition

diaphragm, spleen, part of stomach

Term

bone tissue

Definition

calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers

 

function: supports and protects organs

Term

osmosis

Definition

the diffusion of water across a membrane

Term

cellularity

Definition

composed almost entirely of cells

 

function: characteristic of epilthelia

Term

epithelial tissue

Definition

sheets of cells covering body surface or lining a body cavity - skin

Term

evaginations

Definition

outward growths

Term

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Definition

generally 2 layers of cube shaped cells

 

function: protection

 

locations: forms largest ducts of sweat glands and forms ducts of mammary and salivary glands

Term

golgi apparatus

Definition

shipping center in the cell, sends proteins where it has to go in the body, modifies protein, adds a sugar etc.

Term

acromial region

Definition

point of the shoulder

Term

sacral region

Definition

between butt cheeks, hips and tailbone

Term

peroxisomes

Definition

keeps our cells safe from things

Term

diffusion

Definition

molecules move from a region where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Term

scapular region

Definition

shoulder blades

Term

axillary region

Definition

armpit

Term
cervical
Definition
neck area
Term
lateral
Definition
away from the midline of the body on the outer side of

example: the arms are lateral to the chest
Term
lipids
Definition
fats
Term
cardiovascular system
Definition
blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes etc. the heart pumps blood


purpose: movement, transportation of blood, waste nutrients, oxygen


location: heart, blood vessels
Term
ribosome's
Definition
the only protein the nucleus makes, 2 types, attached and free floating. site of protein synthesis


function: protein production
Term
amino acids
Definition
building blocks for proteins, contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Term
visceral serosa
Definition
all organ membranes
Term
digital region
Definition
fingers and toes
Term
transverse or cross section
Definition
cuts into superior and inferior parts
Term
pelvic region
Definition
below the umbilical region
Term
popliteal region
Definition
back of the knee
Term
urinary system
Definition
eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body, regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood


purpose: waste removal

location: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Term
digestive system
Definition
breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood cells, indigestible food stuffs are eliminated as feces

purpose: nutrients

location: oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Term
medial
Definition
toward or at the midline of the body on the inner-side

example: the heart is medial to the arm
Term
intermediate
Definition
between two reference points
Term
hallux region
Definition
big toe
Term
histone protein
Definition
folds things in the cell to make things fit
Term
actin
Definition
movement
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