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Lecture 7
Osseous System Il-Osseous Physiology
34
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/31/2013

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Term
Cartilage
Definition
Acts as a cushion at the joint ends of bone; Forms structures such as the nose and ear
Term
Ligaments
Definition
Attaches bones to bones; Role in passive postural support. Helps to place limits on a joint's range of motion (ROM)
Term
Bones
Definition
SUPPORTS the muscular system by acting as a system of levers; PROTECTS the vital organs of the body- brain, heart, lungs, kidney; STORES minerals such as calcium and magnesium; PRODUCES blood cells within the marrow.
Term
Osseous Tissue
Definition
Connective tissue with a mineralized/calcified matrix
Term
Osteogenic Cells
Definition
Fibroblastic stem cells of the endosteum
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
Bone building cells
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
Adult bone cells; Maintains the bone matrix, locked osteoblasts
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Bone destroying cells
Term
Mineralization
Definition
"Calcification"; Hardening of the bone matrix
Term
Long Bones
Definition
Humerus, femur
Term
Short Bones
Definition
Carpals, tarsals
Term
Flat Bones
Definition
Scapula, sternum, cranial bones
Term
Irregular Bones
Definition
Vertebra, sphenoid, ethmoid
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
The shaft of the bone
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
The expanded bony ends
Term
Articular Cartilage
Definition
Joint cartilage; Covers the bony ends of bones; Helps to cushion the bones and decrease friction.
Term
Nutrient Foramina
Definition
Small holes observed on the surface of the cortical bone; Passage ways for blood vessels into the bone
Term
Epiphyseal Plate
Definition
Growth plate; Site of bone elongation; Present until adulthood
Term
Compact Bone
Definition
Cortical bone; Dense outer core of bone; Provides the structural properties of bone.
Term
Osteon
Definition
Basic unit of bone; Resembles "Tree Rings"
Term
Central Haversian Canal
Definition
Central tunnel for the passage of blood vessels and nerves
Term
Lamellar Bone
Definition
The bone matrix, This is the actual "Tree Rings"; Each lamella is laid down in opposing directions, allows the bone to absorb tension and compression forces.
Term
Lacunae
Definition
Cavities in the lamellar rings; Holds the osteocytes that maintain the matrix
Term
Canaliculi
Definition
Horizontal connections between osteocytes; Allows for the exchange of nutrients and wastes.
Term
Cancellous Bone
Definition
Spongy bone; Medullary bone; Inner spongy core of bone
Term
Medullary Cavity
Definition
The cavity within the bone containing the marrow bone
Term
Trabeculae
Definition
Lattice of bone; A grid-like formation of bone, contains a lot of space that is filled with marrow
Term
Red Marrow
Definition
Hematopoetic tissue, produces blood cells
Term
Regions of Red Marrow in the Adult Skeleton
Definition
Vertebrae, Sternum, Costals, Humeral heads, Femoral heads
Term
Yellow Marrow
Definition
Fatty marrow; Most red marrow becomes yellow with age
Term
Periosteum
Definition
Thin membranous covering around the bones; Osteogenic=> Role in bone forming, repairing and recycling; Region where osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity occurs
Pain sensitive
Term
Exosteum
Definition
Covers the outer cortical bone
Term
Endosteum
Definition
Exists between the cortical and medullary bone
Term
Intramembranous ossification
Definition
Flat bones and clavicle
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