Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Lecture 6
Bone Histology
34
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/27/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Functions of bone
Definition
-Support-structural framework, supports soft tissues (muscles, CT)
-Movement-together with muscle
-Protection-of internal organs
-Storage-fat cells in medullary cavity of long bones, minerals calcium and phosphorous in matrix
-Blood cell production - RBC in spongy bone
Term
Intercellular material (matrix)
Definition
-organic-tensile strength-twisting and stretching
-inorganic-gives bone strength to withstand compression, storage of Ca and P
Term
osteocyte
Definition
mature bone cell
Term
osteoblast
Definition
helps to form bone by producing osteoid
Term
osteoclast
Definition
contains enzymes that breakdown bone (resorption)
Term
chrondrocytes/chrondroblasts
Definition
-found in lining of medullary cavity (endosteum)
-reproduce during bone development of young individuals
-assist in ossification/calcification
Term
The matrix composition
Definition
-2/3 calcium phosphate, hydroxyapitite-very resistant to compression
-1/3 collagen fibers-very resistant to stretch
-cells account for 2-3% of bone tissue
Term
osteocytes lie in the...
Definition
lacuna
Term
lacuna
Definition
arranged in concentric layers of bone matrix called lamellae around Haversian canal
Term
Haversian canal
Definition
contains nerves and blood vessels that supply the bone
Term
canaliculi
Definition
-small channels that connect the cells in their lacunae to the central canal so nutrients can reach osteocytes
-bone have very rich blood supply
Term
compact bone
Definition
-cells are very close together
-dense and smooth look
Term
spongy bone
Definition
-wide spaces in bone that resembles a sponge
-holes full of red marrow
Term
flat bone
Definition
-spongy bone in between two layers of compact bone
-ex. skull, sternum, ribs
Term
long bone
Definition
-greater in length than width
-shaft is compact bone
-ends are spongy
-ex. femur, humerus, phalanges
Term
short bone
Definition
-cube shaped
-spongy bone surrounded by compact bone
-ex. carpals and tarsals
Term
irregular bone
Definition
vertebrae
Term
sesamoid bone
Definition
form with tendons
ex. patella
Term
diaphysis
Definition
shaft of long bone
Term
epiphysis
Definition
ends of long bone
Term
epiphyseal plate
Definition
plate of cartilage seen in growing bones
Term
medullary cavity
Definition
-cavity within diaphysis
-filled with yellow marrow
Term
periosteum
Definition
protective CT outer covering of bone
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
hyaline cartilage at the end of long bones for protection
Term
ossification
Definition
process of bone formation
Term
calcification
Definition
-deposition of calcium salts
-results in bone hardening
Term
intramembranous bone formation
Definition
-osteoblasts in a fibrous CT membrane form bone
-occurs early in fetal development
-ex. flat bones of the skull
Term
endochondral bone formation
Definition
-begins with hyaline cartilage model
-osteoblasts gradually replace it with bone
-ex long bones
Term
nutritional requirements
Definition
-calcium and phosphorus salts
-vitamin A and C
-vitamin D ( for calcium absorption and transport)
Term
hormone requirements
Definition
-parathyroid hormone
-cacitonin
-GH
-sex hormones
Term
PTH
Definition
stimulates osteoclast activity and increases resorption of calcium by intestine
Term
calcitonin
Definition
-produced by thyroid gland
-inhibits osteoclasts
Term
sex hormones
Definition
stimulate osteoblasts
Term
Formation of long bone
Definition
-hyaline cartilage forms approximate shape
-cells in perichondrium differential into osteoblasts which form bone matrix along shaft
-this plate of compact bone (bone collar) forms and remaining surrounding CT is peristeum
Supporting users have an ad free experience!